黔东南苗侗族节日与传统体育

黔东南苗侗族传统体育活动有的有几百年的历史,经久不衰,比如芦笙舞、斗牛,龙舟、侗族摔跤,经2009年和2010年两次全州广泛普查,苗乡侗寨有各类少数民族传统体育项目80多项(种)其中在民族节庆活动中一直延续的达50余项(种)。节日和传统体育活动似乎有着某种联系,黔东南苗侗族节日传承性如何,节日对苗侗族传统体育有何作用,带着这些疑问,探讨黔东南苗侗族节日和传统体育的关系,以期能够为黔东南苗侗族传统体育文化的保护与传承提理论支持。

侗族节日设置的层次类型及特点分析——以黎平黄岗侗族为例

节日的内容错综复杂,在其间祭祀先祖(神灵)、生产活动、禳解祸福和择偶性活动等往往交织在一起,如果以节日活动的内容为标准去加以归类,很难揭示出节日与节日之间的内在逻辑联系,也很难探寻节日设置的文化属性。这里通过对黄岗侗族节日的调查,其节日的设置都是以特定的时空场域为转移,在节日与节日之间、节日与所属的民族之间存在着极为严格的层次性差异,不同层次类型的节日,其涉及的时空场域亦具有很大的差异。

南部侗族的节日

居住在贵州省黔东南苗族侗族自治州的黎平、榕江、从江以及广西壮族自治区三江侗族自治县等南部侗族地区的侗族人民,具有独特的民族节日。 侗年节 侗族节日,侗年为最大的节日。侗族人民经过一年来的辛勤的劳动,这时,正是田间地头的农作物如糯米、稻谷、红薯收割回家,田里的鱼类也捉回家腌制好,趁着秋后农闲,一来喜庆丰收,二来进行娱乐。亲戚朋友相互走访,欢聚一堂,有说有笑,猜拳行令,共享丰收之乐。

Farming Ritual and Festival Folk Custom of Dong Ethnic Minority Group

In order to pray for harvest and express gratitude, Dong ethnic arranged sacrifices of farming in accordance with periodicity of rice production and its requirements to festivals and calendar. Meanwhile, New Year, Pray in Spring and Return in Autumn not only play significant roles in agricultural production, but also evolve to farming holidays which are enriched with more social connotations. Centered on husbandry and production, some folklore that is rich in local color has been formed in Dong society. The writer introduced some farming ritual of Dong ethnic group, such as, sowing, Kai Yang Men, Rain-praying, Chang Xin, reaping and Lunar New Year, summarized their belief in the land worship, festival ritual, ancestor ritual and ceres ritual. It is concluded that sacrifice is a production-related folklore, which is formed by repeated operation and constant practice. Some taboos were also prohibited in agricultural sacrifice because people were not able to change the unfavorable reality of farming with their insufficient experience and knowledge; however, they resorted to witchcraft for the purpose of harvest. It is believed that the activity of sacrifice will also be kept in the life of Dong ethnic group due to their dependency on agriculture and the land.