Renminbi Internationalization and Stability of the International Monetary System

This paper investigates the stability of the international monetary system using the new open economic analysis framework. Our research has discovered that conditions for the stability of the international monetary system are such that the economic volume of reserve currency countries must be large enough and that the solvency capacity growth rate of reserve currency countries should be no lower than the real output growth rate of non- reserve currency countries and the real return of the reserve currency,＂ the existence of the valuation effect cannot secure the stability of a reserve currency,＂ and inclusion of the euro and the Japanese yen into international reserve currencies cannot stabilize the international monetary system, while Renminbi internationalization plays an irreplaceable role to the stability of the international monetary system.

A Rational Reflection on the Application of Computer Assisted Instruction in Teaching

Nowadays, Computer Assisted Instruction is widespread in universities while the teaching effect is far from satisfying. Therefore. it is necessary to explore the current situation of Application of Computer Assisted Instruction, analyze irreplaceable advantages as well as causes of ineffectiveness in teaching, and and bring forward the approach to solving them.

On the Development of Wushu Among Youth In the Context of National Spirit

as one of our country’s quintessence forms, Wushu is an important cultural inherit with rich connotation of national spirits. In recent years, there are more and more attentions people pay to the importance of spreading national spirit, and it is also the vital part of Chinese dreams, the easy approach to Chinese dreams. Youth, an irreplaceable position and function in the country building, will be the important power to facilitate our country. Therefore, our country pays great attention to the physical constitution, and open up Wushu activity could be the important approach to improved physical constitution. This article will analyze the relationship between national spirits and Wushu spirits, and state the meanings and functions of launching Wushu activity among youth. In the end of the article, the article will come up with the approach about developing youth Wushu activity in the context of national spirits.

The Endowment Culture Construction under the Perspective of Government

As the aging population increasingly accelerates, the construction of the endowment culture has been putting on the agenda. In fact, the endowment culture plays an irreplaceable part in the social old-age care system. In the period of social transition, the excellent traditional old-age pension culture is destroyed, which makes the cultivation of the old-age social fashion imminent. The atmosphere of respecting the old and establishing a harmonious generation relationship is an important cultural guarantee to establish ＂five old＂ and build a harmonious society, in which our country or government bears inescapable responsibilities.

The Potential of Cassava Biomass as a Feedstock for Sustainable Biogas Production in South Africa

Cassava is currently being investigated for biogas production in South Africa as it offers multiple benefits such as high yields of starch and total dry matter. The chemical constituents of the cassava biomass were determined using standard methods. Using a locally fabricated laboratory batch fermenter, anaerobic digestion was carried out in a 25 L capacity digester maintained at 36 ± 0.5 ℃. Pre-treatment of the cassava biomass with spoilage fungi, Aspergillus niger and PeniciUium species yielded large amounts of fermentable sugars for digestion. Cassava slurry was made and mixed with zebra droppings （2：1 v/v） and loaded into the digester of 20 L working volume. Analysis results showed an increase in most nutrients after pretreatment except for starch which decreased from 76% to 60% as a result of its hydrolysis to fermentable sugars by the spoilage fungi. Theoretical biogas yields were between 0.71 nm3 and 0.75 nm^3 per kg VS （volatile solids） destroyed while the total biogas yields of between 250 nm^3 and 300 nm^3 per kg VS fed into the digester was obtained after 20 days residence time. Cassava is not yet a staple food in some BRICs countries like South Africa and the peels and other by-products of its processing are equally suitable for energy production. The use of cassava will be an alternative feedstock strategy for several rural biogas projects running with cow dungs inside South Africa. In addition, opportunities exist for decentralized, cheaper and socially advantageous bioenergy production from cassava considering that fuel and electricity needs are not satisfied in many rural areas. Finally, the incorporation of cassava anaerobic digestion facility at different scales will deliver additional benefits like the incorporation of nutrients and residual carbon into the land as fertilizer.

In vitro Induction of primary antibody responses to particulate and soluble protein antigens in T cell-replaced murine spleen cell cultures

Specific antibody responses could be induced in serumfree condition.Specific anti-SRBC or anti-SRBC ghost antibody were induced from anti-Thy treated (T-depleted) murine spleen cells in serum-free culture in the presence of Con A conditioned medium.This induction system may facilitate the study of lymphokine functions on antigen triggered B cells. In T cell-replaced cultures,the antibody responses of B cells could be successfully induced when soluble SRBC membrane proteins were used as antigens.It thus indicates that antigen together with lymphokines are sufficient to drive B cells to become antibody secreting cells in the absence of T cells.The T cell-replaced system provides a more stable way for in vitro immunization and may be applied to monoclonal antibody production when in vivo immunization is difficult to be carried out.

Antibiotic-Loaded Resorbable Bone-Graft Substitute： A New Treatment for Osteomyelitis/Osteitis

Patients with osteomyelitis require lengthy antibiotic treatment, often only to see the inflammation flare up once antibiotics are suspended. Unfortunately, patients often discontinue the antibiotic treatment due to collateral effects. Patients with osteitis are often polymorbid patients with other severe diseases such as diabetes mellitus and polyneuropathy, arteriopathy or polyarthfitis with immunosuppression. The eight patients included in the study presented nine bones with osteomyelitis （macroscopically, bacteriologically, histologically or radiologically）. The diseased part of the bone was resected, a locally radical debridement was done and a biopsy for bacteriology and histology were taken. The residual bone was then drilled out and filled with antibiotic-loaded （gentamicin） resorbable bone-graft substitute under radiologic imaging control. In total, seven patients are currently without recurrent osteomyelitis with a mean follow-up of 5.77 months （2-11 months）. The Kaplan Meier curve shows 80% survival rate without recurrent osteomyelitis at 11 months. Only one patient suffering from Morbus Buerger had a relapse osteomyelitis after cutting off severing his foot while swimming in the sea. Antibiotic-loaded resorbable bone-graft substitute is easy to use, has in our hands few complications and low recurrence rate.

Fully Burdened Cost of Energy in Military Operations

This paper presents an analytical framework for evaluating the FBCE （fully burdened cost of energy） in military operations. The FBCE methodology considers all operational factors in the energy supply chain, including transportation, infrastructure, manpower, maintenance, security protection, and storage of energy. The FBCE concept allows a proper evaluation of the energy costs when assessing different alternatives in military operations and acquisitions. It could also be used to inform decisions on the size and focus of investment in science and technology programs related to the development of efficient military capabilities, alternative fuel sources, and renewable energy solutions. This paper uses cost estimation techniques to formulate the FBCE and focuses on fuel-based military systems and operations. Two case studies using Canadian Forces domestic and deployed operational bases are presented and discussed to demonstrate the methodology.

Improved Resistance to Cracking of a Cement Mortar through the Incorporation of Crumb Rubber

Within a context of sustainable development, innovative processes for various applications to recycle rubber are put in place to make aggregates or crumb rubber. These uses include sports floor coverings, to manufacture of sealants, sound absorbing walls, to make roads, as an alternative fuel in cement kilns, etc. In this study, the addition of crumb rubber to mortar was investigated through optical and mechanical tests. The results showed that the incorporation of crumb rubber from used tires into mortar produced a better resistance to shrinkage cracking, but a compressive strength/tensile is reduced. This feature could lend itself to making playgrounds and sports grounds more absorbing and flexible, which would allow a more significant fall to be withstood without injury and consequently enhance the safety of playgrounds.