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厄瓜多尔南部小型手工金矿开采的环境影响对于制定环境标准和管理小型矿厂的意义
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作者 Hkan Tarras-Wahlberg Adriana Flachier +2 位作者 Gran Fredrikson Stuart Lane Bo Lundberg 《AMBIO-人类环境杂志》 2000年第8期484-491,共8页
厄瓜多尔南部的小型金矿正导致相当大的环境影响,其中最重要的影响是与金属、非金属和氰化物排放到附近河流中有关。在河流中,这些污染物一般不以水溶性的形式存在,但与悬浮颗粒和河床沉积物有关。然而这些污染物在生物区内含量的升高... 厄瓜多尔南部的小型金矿正导致相当大的环境影响,其中最重要的影响是与金属、非金属和氰化物排放到附近河流中有关。在河流中,这些污染物一般不以水溶性的形式存在,但与悬浮颗粒和河床沉积物有关。然而这些污染物在生物区内含量的升高显示它们容易被生物获得。这些结果提出当评介水质的影响和制定合适的环境水质标准时必须考虑悬浮和沉积相。污染物的排放完全是由于对开采和加工过程中产生的废物的管理不够而导致的,这表明了控制采矿行为的政策和公众监督的失败,以及在小型矿区获得良好环境的普遍困难。这些发现建议厄瓜多尔的政策需要改善,以使小型手工业矿区变成大型矿区。 展开更多
关键词 厄瓜多尔 金矿 手工开采 环境影响 环境管理 标准
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Lead and Mercury Contamination Assoc=atea with Artisanal Gold Mining in Anka, Zamfara State, North Western Nigeria: The Continued Unabated Zamfara Lead Poisoning
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作者 Lar Uriah Tsuwang Kenneth Gusikit Rhoda Mangs Ayuba 《Journal of Earth Science and Engineering》 2013年第11期764-775,共12页
A total of 24 soil samples were collected from areas around Artisanal Gold and associated Pb-Zn-Cu sulfide mining and mineral processing sites in the Anka mining district of Zamfara State, NW Nigeria. The samples were... A total of 24 soil samples were collected from areas around Artisanal Gold and associated Pb-Zn-Cu sulfide mining and mineral processing sites in the Anka mining district of Zamfara State, NW Nigeria. The samples were geochemically analyzed with the main objective of assessing the degree of Pb and Hg pollution in the environment resulting from the mining and mineral ore processing activities in the mining district and to consider the effect on human health. The assessment of the degree of pollution or toxicity was based on the Igeo (index of geoaccummulation) and EF (enrichment factor) where the former gives a quantitative pollution class with respect to the quality of the medium analyzed, while the latter differentiates between metals originating from anthropogenic activities and those from natural processes. The geochemical results show that the concentrations of Pb and Hg especially at the mineral processing sites significantly exceed the established thresholds (4,152 ppm and 12.92 ppm respectively). The calculated EF values for both Pb and Hg revealed that the soils from the entire mining district are extremely enriched in these elements, essentially originating from the anthropogenic activities (EF= 〉〉 40). Lead and Mercury are toxic heavy metals with documented long-lasting adverse human health effects. These calls for efficient bioremediation measures for the removal of Pb and Hg from the contaminated soils that take into account the geochemical peculiarities of the mining district. 展开更多
关键词 LEAD MERCURY polluted soil environment human health gold artisanal mining.
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