In this paper, we focus our grammar studies on two early Cantonese literature contexts： Huajian Ji （花菚記, 1714） and Yue Ou （粤謳, 1820）. Two aspect markers, the experience aspect marker ＂gwo 過＂ and the durat...In this paper, we focus our grammar studies on two early Cantonese literature contexts： Huajian Ji （花菚記, 1714） and Yue Ou （粤謳, 1820）. Two aspect markers, the experience aspect marker ＂gwo 過＂ and the duration aspect marker ＂dzy 住＂, in these two Cantonese books show different characteristics from oral Cantonese today. ＂Gwo＂, mostly used as an aspect marker of＂experience＂ and ＂repeat＂ in verbal expression, had the usage of＂unhappened experience＂ in the old books as a connection between this two aspects. Every step of ＂dzy＂＇s grammarlization process was clearly recorded in the written materials. By comparing with the aspect markers in Mandarin Chinese, the usage of the completion aspect marker ＂liu 了＂ found in these two books was also discussed. We argue the importance of literature context in diachronical grammar studies of dialect.展开更多
The function of prosody model will directly affect the naturalness of synthesized speech.Aimed at the difficulty in generating the pitch contour in prosody model,two pitch models namely corpus-based pitch model and pi...The function of prosody model will directly affect the naturalness of synthesized speech.Aimed at the difficulty in generating the pitch contour in prosody model,two pitch models namely corpus-based pitch model and pitch pattern model are deeply studied in this paper.Key problems in the corpus-based model are calculation of the distance and searching of the optimal path with dynamic programming algorithm.For the pitch pattern model,parameters such as pitch pattern,pitch average and pitch range are used to describe the pitch contour,and six pitch patterns are presented.For the generation of pitch contour,the pitch pattern model is more flexible than the corpus-based model.Both of the two models are linked to the real TTS system,and the MOS results of synthesized Mandarin speech show that the pitch pattern model is better than the corpus-based pitch model.展开更多
This article traces early Chinese-Western contexts in the field of linguistics. Three groups of sources are distinguished： （1） sources on Mandarin written in China after the late sixteenth century, （2） sources on...This article traces early Chinese-Western contexts in the field of linguistics. Three groups of sources are distinguished： （1） sources on Mandarin written in China after the late sixteenth century, （2） sources on Min dialects written in the Philippines after the early seventeenth century, and（3 ） sources on Southern dialects written by Protestant missionaries in China after the middle of the nineteenth century. The focus of the paper lies on the second group, which has thus far received the least attention in research. It is concluded that the significance of early linguistic sources goes beyond historical language research. The comparison of linguistic meta-language also allows for conclusions on the exchange of ideas and concepts between Asia and Europe in the seventeenth century.展开更多
基金This research is financially supported by the Youth Program of National Social Science Foundation of China （Grant No 10CYY008）.
文摘In this paper, we focus our grammar studies on two early Cantonese literature contexts： Huajian Ji （花菚記, 1714） and Yue Ou （粤謳, 1820）. Two aspect markers, the experience aspect marker ＂gwo 過＂ and the duration aspect marker ＂dzy 住＂, in these two Cantonese books show different characteristics from oral Cantonese today. ＂Gwo＂, mostly used as an aspect marker of＂experience＂ and ＂repeat＂ in verbal expression, had the usage of＂unhappened experience＂ in the old books as a connection between this two aspects. Every step of ＂dzy＂＇s grammarlization process was clearly recorded in the written materials. By comparing with the aspect markers in Mandarin Chinese, the usage of the completion aspect marker ＂liu 了＂ found in these two books was also discussed. We argue the importance of literature context in diachronical grammar studies of dialect.
基金Sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.60503071)the 973 National Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2004CB318102)the Postdoctor Science Foundation of China(Grant No.20070420275)
文摘The function of prosody model will directly affect the naturalness of synthesized speech.Aimed at the difficulty in generating the pitch contour in prosody model,two pitch models namely corpus-based pitch model and pitch pattern model are deeply studied in this paper.Key problems in the corpus-based model are calculation of the distance and searching of the optimal path with dynamic programming algorithm.For the pitch pattern model,parameters such as pitch pattern,pitch average and pitch range are used to describe the pitch contour,and six pitch patterns are presented.For the generation of pitch contour,the pitch pattern model is more flexible than the corpus-based model.Both of the two models are linked to the real TTS system,and the MOS results of synthesized Mandarin speech show that the pitch pattern model is better than the corpus-based pitch model.
文摘This article traces early Chinese-Western contexts in the field of linguistics. Three groups of sources are distinguished： （1） sources on Mandarin written in China after the late sixteenth century, （2） sources on Min dialects written in the Philippines after the early seventeenth century, and（3 ） sources on Southern dialects written by Protestant missionaries in China after the middle of the nineteenth century. The focus of the paper lies on the second group, which has thus far received the least attention in research. It is concluded that the significance of early linguistic sources goes beyond historical language research. The comparison of linguistic meta-language also allows for conclusions on the exchange of ideas and concepts between Asia and Europe in the seventeenth century.
