丙酸培氯松气雾剂对儿童哮喘的防治效果

丙酸培氯松气雾剂对儿童哮喘的防治效果温州市第二人民医院儿科（３２５０００）陈丽云近年来对哮喘的发病机理虽有了进一步认识，但发病率仍有增加的趋向（１），故对其防治工作应作进一步的研究。１９９４年１０月始，我院儿科哮喘门诊选择７７例患儿，分别设丙酸培氯松...

双角度氧枪的研究与实践

采用双角度氧枪炼钢，氧流股的穿透深度、冲击面均比目前我厂所使用过的氧枪大，用氧效率高，可降低氧耗量，缩短吹氧时间，提高小时钢产量。

沙美特罗氟替卡松吸入治疗对COPD稳定期患者肺功能影响

目的探讨沙美特罗氟替卡松吸入治疗对COPD稳定期患者肺功能影响。方法回顾性分析100例COPD稳定期患者沙美特罗氟替卡松治疗组同非沙美特罗氟替卡松组治疗前后通过对肺功能检查变化讨论沙美特罗氟替卡对稳定期COPD患者肺功能影响。结果沙美特罗氟替卡松组治疗前后肺功能变化差异有显著性,非沙美特罗氟替卡松组大部分肺功能指标差异无显著性。结论沙美特罗氟替卡松吸入治疗对COPD稳定期患者显著改善肺功能,减少急性发作频率和改善症状。可作为COPD稳定期治疗的一线药物。

Two Novel Hydroperoxylated Lycopodium Alkaloids from Huperzia serrata

Two novel hydroperoxylated Lycopodium alkaloids, 11alpha-hydroperoxyphlegmariurine B (1) and 7-hydroperoxyphlegmariurine B (2), along with a known compound, phlegmanurine B (3), were isolated from the total alkaloid fraction of the Chinese medicinal herb Huperzia serrata (Thunb.) Trev. Their structures and relative configurations were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analyses.

PSⅡ Photoinhibition and O_2~ Production

To know more about the site of O -· 2 production in thylakoids, the F v/F m ratio was measured in parallel with the oxygen free_radical production detected by electron spin resonance (ESR) using Tiron as a probe in the isolated thylakoids of Scots pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.). As the light intensity was strong enough to induce photoinhibition leading to reduction in the F v/F m ratio, the intensity of the TH · signal representing the superoxide production was enhanced. The TH · signal was also stimulated by 3_(3,4_dichloropheneyl)_1,1_dimethylurea but was suppressed by exogenous scavengers or by 2,6_dichlorophenol indophenol. Therefore, the superoxide production is closely related to photoinhibition in PSⅡ. The novel results may further promote research on the mechanism of photoinhibition and on the structure and function of PSⅡ as well.

Effect of TMS(nanostructured silicon dioxide) on growth of Changbai larch seedlings

The roots of 200 one-year-old Changbai Larch (Larix olgensis) seedlings were soaked for 6 hours at the TMS concentrations of 2000, 1000, 500, 250, 125, and 62 μL·L?1. Mean seedling height, root collar diameter, main root length and number of lateral roots were measured every 15 days during growing season from May 30 to Oct. 20. Experimental results showed that TMS treatments greatly promoted seedling growth and improved seedling quality. The treatment by 500 μL·L?1 TMS produced the best result, for which the mean height, root collar diameter, main root length, and the number of lateral roots of seedlings were increased by 42.5%, 30.7%, 14.0%, and 31.6%, respectively, compared to that of the control seedlings. As to seedling quality, grade-I seedling and grade-II seedlings were fifty-fifty, and no grade-III seedlings was found. The treatment by 500 μL·L?1 TMS resulted in the highest chlorophyll concentration. Keywords Changbai Larch - Larix olgensis - Seedling production - Nanostructured silicon dioxide CLC number S143.8 Document code B Foundation item: This study is supported by Jilin Forestry Group Co.Biography: LIN Baoshan (1955-), male, Associate professor at the college of forestry, Beihua University, Jilin City 132011, Jilin Province, P.R China.Responsible editor: Chai Ruihai.

A New Lignan from Boschniakia himalaica

From the ethanol extract of the whole plant of Boschniakia himalaica Hook. f. et. Thoms, a new and two known lignans have been isolated and identified as 7-methoxypinoresino 1, pinoresinol 2, and pinoresinol-O--D-glucopyranoside 3 respectively. Their structures have been established by spectroscopic methods.

Soil carbon dioxide fluxes of a typical broad-leaved/Korean pine mixed forest in Changbai Mountain, China

The forest ecosystem plays an important role in the global carbon cycling. A study was conducted to evaluate soil CO2 flux and its seasonal and diurnal variation with the air and soil temperatures by using static closed chamber technique in a typical broad-leaved/Korean pine mixed forest area on the northern slope of Changbai Mountain, Jilin Province, China. The experiment was carried out through the day and night in the growing season (from June to September) in situ and sample gas was analyzed by a gas chromatograph. Results showed that the forest floor was a large net source of carbon, and soil CO2 fluxes had an obvi-ous law of seasonal and diel variation. The soil CO2 flux of broad-leaved/Korean pine mixed forest was in the range of 0.302.42 mmol穖-2穝-1 with the mean value of 0.98 mmol穖-2穝-1. An examination on the seasonal pattern of soil CO2 emission suggested that the variability in soil CO2 flux could be correlated with variations in soil temperature, and the maximum of mean CO2 flux occurred in July ((1.27±23%) mmol穖-2穝-1) and the minimum was in September ((0.50±28%) mmol穖-2穝-1). The fluctuations in diel soil CO2 flux were also correlated with changes in soil temperature; however, there existed a factor for a time lag. Soil CO2 flux from the forest floor was strongly related to soil temperature and had the highest correlation with temperature at 6-cm depth of soil. Q10 values based on air temperature and soil temperature of different soil depths were at the ranges of 2.09–3.40.

桉柠蒎肠溶软胶囊联合舒利迭治疗支气管哮喘60例疗效观察

目的:探讨对应用桉柠蒎肠溶软胶囊联合沙美特罗/氧替卡松粉吸入剂(舒利迭)在支气管哮喘稳定期治疗中对肺功能和全身炎症标记物的影响。方法:选取2011年11月至2012年11月在胶州市人民医院治疗的支气管哮喘患儿60例,作为研究对象。将所有患儿随机分为实验组和对照组,每组各30例。对照组患儿给予为期8周的常规止咳、平喘、吸氧等对症支持治疗;实验组在与对照组患儿相同治疗的基础上加用沙美特罗/氧替特罗粉吸入剂(舒利迭)和桉柠蒎肠溶软胶囊治疗,为期8周,单次剂量50/250mg每日两次。桉柠蒎肠溶软胶囊>5岁的患儿每次1粒,每日3次。观察患儿治疗前及治疗8周后;血清可溶性细胞间粘附分子-1和白细胞介素IL-6 IL-8 IL-17等指标,同时观察两组患儿肺功能的变化。结果:实验组稳定期支气管哮喘患儿血清可溶性细胞间粘附-1浓度在治疗前后变化差异有统计学意义(p<0.05)。实验组患儿治疗后血清IL-6IL-8 IL-17的水平治疗前明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),实验组患儿肺功能指标FVC FEV1 FEV1/FVC%在治疗前后有明显统计学差异(P<0.05)。墨汁测试法结果显示;气管纤毛运动、粘液移动速度明显增加治疗前后有明显统计学差异(P<0.05)。结论:通过吸入沙美特罗/氧替卡松粉吸入剂联合桉柠蒎肠溶软胶囊可以明显改善支气管哮喘患儿肺功能。降低患儿血清中可溶性细胞间粘附分子-1及IL-6 IL-8 IL-17的水平,减轻气道炎性细胞侵润。促进呼吸道腺体稀薄分泌分泌物的产生,利于粘液排除。

Oxygen adsorption on pyrite (100) surface by density functional theory

Pyrite （FeS2） bulk and （100） surface properties and the oxygen adsorption on the surface were studied by using density functional theory methods. The results show that in the formation of FeS2 （100） surface, there exists a process of electron transfer from Fe dangling bond to S dangling bond. In this situation, surface Fe and S atoms have more ionic properties. Both Fe2+ and S2- have high electrochemistry reduction activity, which is the base for oxygen adsorption. From the viewpoint of adsorption energy, the parallel form oxygen adsorption is in preference. The result also shows that the state of oxygen absorbed on FeS2 surface acts as peroxides rather than O2.

Response of seedlings of different tree species to elevated CO_2 in Changbai Mountain

Eco-physiological responses of seedlings of eight species, Pinus koraiensis, Picea koraiensis, Larix olgensis, Populus ussuriensis, Betula platyphylla, Tilia amurensis, Traxinus mandshurica and Acer mono from broadleaved/Korean pine forest, to elevated CO2 were studied by using open-top chambers under natural sunlight in Changbai Mountain, China in two growing seasons (1998-1999). Two concentrations of CO2 were designed: elevated CO2 (700 祄olmol-1) and ambient CO2 (400 祄olmol-1). The study results showed that the height growth of the tree seedlings grown at elevated CO2 increased by about 10%-40% compared to those grown at ambient CO2. And the water using efficiency of seedlings also followed the same tendency. However, the responses of seedlings in transpiration and chlorophyll content to elevated CO2 varied with tree species. The broad-leaf tree species were more sensitive to the elevated CO2 than conifer tree species. All seedlings showed a photosynthetic acclimation to long-term elevated CO2.

Critical protein GAPDH and its regulatory mechanisms in cancer cells

Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase （GAPDH）, initially identified as a glycolytic enzyme and considered as a housekeeping gene, is widely used as an internal control in experiments on proteins, mRNA, and DNA. However, emerging evidence indicates that GAPDH is implicated in diverse functions independent of its role in energy metabolism; the expression status of GAPDH is also deregulated in various cancer cells. One of the most common effects of GAPDH is its inconsistent role in the determination of cancer cell fate. Furthermore, studies have described GAPDH as a regulator of cell death; other studies have suggested that GAPDH participates in tumor progression and serves as a new therapeutic target. However, related regulatory mechanisms of its numerous cellular functions and deregulated expression levels remain unclear. GAPDH is tightly regulated at transcriptional and pnsttranscriptional levels, which are involved in the regulation of diverse GAPDH functions. Several cancer-related factors, such as insulin, hypoxia inducible factor-1 （HIF-1）, p53, nitric oxide （NO）, and acetylated histone, not only modulate GAPDH gene expression but also affect protein functions via common pathways. Moreover, posttranslational modifications （PTMs） occurring in GAPDH in cancer cells result in new activities unrelated to the original glycnlytic function of GAPDH. In this review, recent findings related to GAPDH transcriptional regulation and PTMs are summarized. Mechanisms and pathways involved in GAPDH regulation and its different roles in cancer cells are also described.

Antioxidative Activity of Polysaccharide Fractions Isolated from Tricholoma Matsutake Sing. with Ultrafiltration

Polysaccharides of Tricholoma matsutake Sing. were extracted with boilingwater, followed by precipitating with ethanol. Two membranes of different molecular weight cut-off, namely, 30 kD and 10 kD were chosen with ultrafiltration. The antioxidant activity of the purification polysaccharides was evaluated by various antioxidant assay, including DPPH （l,l-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl） radical scavenging, superoxide anion radical scavenging and hydrogen peroxide scavenging. The scavenging effect on hydroxyl radical and DPPH radical, which may be comparable to Vitamin C, while the scavenging effect on superoxide anion radicals was not obvious.

Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Echinacea (Echinacea purpurea L.) Extracts Obtained by Classical and Ultrasound Extraction

Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Echinacea purpurea L. (Asteraceae) extracts obtained by classical and ultrasound solvent extraction were compared. The dry aerial part of plant was extracted by 70% etha-nol at a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1︰10 (m/v) and 25°C. The extract obtained by classical solvent extraction contained 29% larger amounts of phenolic compounds and 20% higher content of flavonoids. 2,2-diphenyl-1-picril hydrazyl radical (DPPH) scavenging reached 93.6% and the values of EC50 were (34.16±0.65) μg·ml-1 and (65.48±1.12) μg·ml-1 for the extracts obtained by the classical and ultrasound extractions, respectively. The extracts, independent of the extraction technique applied, showed a considerable growth inhibition on Candida albicans and Saccharo-myces cerevisiae, while no growth inhibition zones were observed for Aspergillus niger. The diameters of inhibition zone observed for all the microorganisms were larger for extracts obtained by classical extraction than those by ul-trasound extraction.

Geochemical Characteristics of Heavy Metals in Riparian Sediment Pore Water of Songhua River, Northeast China

This study reports the geochemical characteristics of zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), mercury (Hg), iron (Fe), and manganese (Mn) in the riparian sediment pore water of the Songhua River, Northeast China. In total, 36 pore water samples and 18 surface water samples from three typical sections were collected and analyzed in June 2009. Cluster analysis of heavy metals was performed to analyze the pollution sources of the metals. Results showed that Hg concentrations in the pore water were greater than those in the surface water, indicating a potential ability of Hg release from riparian sediment system to river water. However, concentrations of Fe and Mn in the surface water were greater than those in the pore water, demonstrating that the microenvironments of riparian and riverbed sediment systems were quite different. Variations of Zn, Cu, Pb and Ni between the surface and the pore water were different in each section. Most metals had similar horizontal and profile distribution characteristics in the three sections except for Zn and Ni. Hg, Fe and Mn concentrations in the pore water increased gradually with the increase in horizontal distance from water body, in contrast to this, Cu decreased, and Pb presented a fluctuating trend. With the increase in depth, Pb and Fe, Cu and Mn showed the same trends, and Hg showed a variable trend. The above distribution characteristics could mainly be attributed to the properties and the interactions of metals, pH and oxidation-reduction conditions, and the complex pollution sources and hydrologic regime in history. The probable sources of metals include the historical and ongoing discharge of industrial wastewater, mining activities, sewage irrigation for agricultural production, and atmospheric deposition from coal-fired plants.

UPLC-MS/MS法测定胜红蓟中6个吡咯里西啶生物碱的含量及风险评估

目的:建立UPLC-MS/MS法测定胜红蓟中6个吡咯里西啶生物碱(石胺松、凌德草碱、刺凌德草碱、N-氧化凌德草碱、N-氧化刺凌德草碱和N-氧化石胺松)的含量,并根据测定结果进行初步的风险评估。方法:采用ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3色谱柱(100 mm×2.1 mm,1.8μm),以含0.05%甲酸和2.5 mmol·L^(-1)甲酸铵的水溶液(A)及含0.05%甲酸和2.5 mmol·L^(-1)甲酸铵的乙腈溶液(B)为流动相,梯度洗脱,流速为0.3 mL·min^(-1),柱温为40℃;电喷雾离子源,正离子多反应模式监测,外标法测定。结果:石胺松、凌德草碱、刺凌德草碱、N-氧化凌德草碱、N-氧化刺凌德草碱和N-氧化石胺松质量浓度分别在0.972-97.2、0.964-96.4、1.016-101.6、1.056-105.6、1.032-103.2和0.958-95.8 ng·mL^(-1)范围内与峰面积呈现良好的线性关系(r>0.9990);平均加样回收率分别为88.5%、90.2%、92.6%、94.3%、91.8%和95.7%,RSD分别为3.1%、3.5%、2.4%、2.1%、2.5%和3.2%。6批胜红蓟样品中石胺松、凌德草碱、刺凌德草碱、N-氧化凌德草碱、N-氧化刺凌德草碱和N-氧化石胺松的含量范围分别为1.22-2.87、0.36-0.75、4.23-10.65、1.08-3.65、10.31-24.26和5.25-13.36μg·g^(-1)。结论:本研究所建立的方法可同时测定胜红蓟中6个主要吡咯里西啶生物碱含量。初步风险评估显示,该药材存在一定的用药安全风险。

Relationships between endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene polymorphisms and osteoporosis in postmenopausal women

Objective： To investigate the relationships between endothelial nitric oxide synthases （eNOS） G894T and 27 bpvariable number tandem repeat （VNTR） gene polymorphisms and osteoporosis in the postmenopausal women of Chinese Han nationality. Methods： In the present study, 281 postmenopausal women from Xi＇an urban area in West China were recruited, and divided into osteoporosis, osteopenia, and normal groups according to the diagnostic criteria of osteoporosis proposed by World Health Organization （WHO）. The bone mineral density （BMD） values of lumbar vertebrae and left hips were determined by QDR-2000 dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Blood samples were tested for plasma biochemical indicators including testosterone, estradiol, calcitonin, osteocalcin, and procollagen type I amino-terminal propeptide by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase by spectrophotometric method, and the content of nitric oxide by Griess method. Genome DNA was extracted from whole blood, and G894T polymorphism of eNOS gene was analyzed by using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism （PCR-RFLP） method and 27 bp-VNTR polymorphism of eNOS gene was genotyped by PCR method. Then the relationships between genotypes and biochemical indicators, genotypes and osteoporosis, and haplotypes and osteoporosis were analyzed. Results： The average BMD values of the femoral neck, ward＇s triangle and lumbar vertebrae 1-4 （LI-L4） in the subjects with T/T genotype in eNOS G894T locus were significantly higher than those in the subjects with G/T and G/G genotypes （P〈0.05）. The average BMD of the femoral neck in the subjects with a/a genotype of eNOS 27 bp-VNTR locus was evidently higher than that in the subjects with b/b genotype （P〈0.05）. The plasma testosterone and osteocalcin concentrations in the subjects of eNOS G894T G/T genotype were evidently higher than those in the subjects of other genotypes （P〈0.05）; the plasma estradiol concentration in the subjects of eNOS 27 bp-VNTR a/a genotype was obviously higher than that in the subjects of b/b genotype （P〈0.01）. eNOS G/G homozygous frequencies in osteoporosis women, osteopenia women, and normal women were 85.37%, 76.38%, and 83.87%, respectively （P〉0.05）. 0% osteoporosis woman, 0.79% osteopenia women, and 3.23% normal women were eNOS a/a homozygous （P〈0.05）. The frequencies of eNOS 27 bp-VNTR a allele were 5.33% in the osteoporosis group, 10.24% in the osteopenia group, and 16.13% in the normal group （P〈0.05, odds ratio （OR）=0.29, 95% confidence interval （CI）=0.11-0.77）, suggesting that a/a genotype and a allele might have protective effects on osteoporosis. The haplotype analysis showed that G-b was 87.7% （214/244） in the osteoporosis group （P〈0.05, OR=2.48, 95% CI=1. 18-5.18）. G-a was 5.3% （13/244） in the osteoporosis group （P〈0.05, OR=0.29, 95% CI=0. 11-0.77）. G-b was a risk factor for osteoporosis, and G-a a protective factor. Conclusion： eNOS G894T G/T genotype influenced the plasma testosterone and osteocalcin concentrations, and T/T genotype influenced BMD. eNOS 27 bp-VNTR a/a genotype increased plasma estradiol concentration to have a protective effect on osteoporosis.