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H_2-O_2混气系着火“半岛”现象的数值验证
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作者 高泰荫 丛琦 +2 位作者 赵永坚 栗自彬 信一兵 《东北大学学报(自然科学版)》 EI CAS CSCD 北大核心 2000年第5期543-546,共4页
基于链锁分支爆炸理论 ,研究封闭空间H2 O2 化学计量混气系的着火现象·建立由自由基基元反应动力学关系、反应速率定律和能量守恒定律决定的过程数学描述 ,用Gear算法求解具有“刚性”特征的常微分方程组·计算得到包括对过... 基于链锁分支爆炸理论 ,研究封闭空间H2 O2 化学计量混气系的着火现象·建立由自由基基元反应动力学关系、反应速率定律和能量守恒定律决定的过程数学描述 ,用Gear算法求解具有“刚性”特征的常微分方程组·计算得到包括对过程起决定作用的自由基中间物种和反应生成物浓度以及系统温度的变化规律 ,在P T坐标面上扫描获得了与经典实验结果完全一致的着火界限曲线·针对传统热力理论的缺陷 ,对着火界限曲线的“半岛”现象和三个爆炸极限的存在给出理论证明· 展开更多
关键词 链锁分支爆炸 着火“半岛” 自由基基元反应动力学 混气系 燃烧学
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Calculation of Transport Properties of CF4+Noble Gas Mixtures 被引量:2
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作者 Soodabeh Nikmanesh Jalil Moghadasi Mohammad Mehdi Papari 《Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2009年第5期814-821,共8页
The present work is concerned with determining the viscosity,diffusion,thermal diffusion factor and thermal conductivity of five equimolar binary gas mixtures including:CF4-He,CF4-Ne,CF4-Ar,CF4-Kr,CF4-Xe from the prin... The present work is concerned with determining the viscosity,diffusion,thermal diffusion factor and thermal conductivity of five equimolar binary gas mixtures including:CF4-He,CF4-Ne,CF4-Ar,CF4-Kr,CF4-Xe from the principle of corresponding states of viscosity by the inversion technique.The Lennard-Jones (12-6) model potential is used as the initial model potential.The calculated interaction potential energies obtained from the inversion procedure is employed to reproduce the viscosities,diffusions,thermal diffusion factors,and thermal conductivities.The accuracies of the calculated viscosity and diffusion coefficients were 1% and 4%,respectively. 展开更多
关键词 corresponding states principle DIFFUSION inversion method kinetic theory of gases thermal conductivity transport properties VISCOSITY
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Experimental study on gas–liquid dispersion and mass transfer in shear-thinning system with coaxial mixer 被引量:1
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作者 Baoqing Liu Yijun Zheng +3 位作者 Ruijia Cheng Zilong Xu Manman Wang Zhijiang Jin 《Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2018年第9期1785-1791,共7页
The effects of impeller type, stirring power, gas flow rate, and liquid concentration on the gas–liquid mixing in a shear-thinning system with a coaxial mixer were investigated by experiment, and the overall gas hold... The effects of impeller type, stirring power, gas flow rate, and liquid concentration on the gas–liquid mixing in a shear-thinning system with a coaxial mixer were investigated by experiment, and the overall gas holdup, relative power demand, and volumetric mass transfer coefficient under different conditions were compared. The results show that, the increasing stirring power or gas flow rate is beneficial in promoting the overall gas holdup and volumetric mass transfer coefficient, while the increasing system viscosity weakens the mass transfer in a shearing–thinning system. Among the three turbines, the six curved-blade disc turbine(BDT-6) exhibits the best gas pumping capacity; the six 45° pitched-blade disc turbine(PBDT-6) has the highest volumetric mass transfer coefficient at the same unit volume power. 展开更多
关键词 Non-Newtonian fluids Coaxial mixer Gas holdup Relative power demand Mass transfer
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Simulating Surface Aeration Systems at Different Scale of Mixing Time 被引量:1
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作者 Achanta Ramakrishna Rao Bimlesh Kumar 《Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2009年第2期355-358,共4页
Macro and micromixing time represent two extreme mixing time scales,which governs the whole hydrodynamics characteristics of the surface aeration systems.With the help of experimental and numerical analysis,simulation... Macro and micromixing time represent two extreme mixing time scales,which governs the whole hydrodynamics characteristics of the surface aeration systems.With the help of experimental and numerical analysis,simulation equation governing those times scale has been presented in the present work. 展开更多
关键词 mass transfer macromixing MICROMIXING surface aerators theoretical power per unit volume rotor speed
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Micromixing characteristics in a gas-liquid-solid stirred tank with settling particles 被引量:3
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作者 栗万博 耿兴业 +1 位作者 包雨云 高正明 《Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2015年第3期461-470,共10页
The parallel-competing iodide-iodate reaction scheme was used to study the micromixing performance in a multi-phase stirred tank of 0.3 m diameter.The impeller combination consisted of a half elliptical blade disk tur... The parallel-competing iodide-iodate reaction scheme was used to study the micromixing performance in a multi-phase stirred tank of 0.3 m diameter.The impeller combination consisted of a half elliptical blade disk turbine below two down-pimping wide-blade hydrofoils,identified as HEDT + 2WH_D.Nitrogen and glass beads of100 μm diameter and density 2500 kg-m^(-3) were used as the dispersed phases.The micromixing could be improved by sparging gas because of its additional potential energy.Also,micromixing could be improved by the solid particles with high kinetic energy near the impeller tip.In a gas-solid-liquid system,the gas-liquid film vibration with damping,due to the frequent collisions between the bubbles and particles,led to the decrease of the turbulence level in the liquid and caused eventually the deterioration of the micromixing.A Damping Film Dissipation model is formulated to shed light on the above micromixing performances.At last,the micromixing time t_m according to the incorporation model varied from 1.9 ms to 6.7 ms in our experiments. 展开更多
关键词 Stirred tank Gas-liquid-solid Micromixing performance Incorporation model
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Effect of carbon on microstructure of CrAlC_xN_(1-x) coatings by hybrid coating system 被引量:2
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作者 Sung-Kyu AHN Se-Hun KWON Kwang-Ho KIM 《Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2011年第A01期78-82,共5页
A systematic investigation of the microstructure of CrA1CxN1-x coatings as a function of carbon contents was conducted. Quaternary CrA1CxN1-x coatings were deposited on Si wafers by a hybrid coating system combining a... A systematic investigation of the microstructure of CrA1CxN1-x coatings as a function of carbon contents was conducted. Quaternary CrA1CxN1-x coatings were deposited on Si wafers by a hybrid coating system combining an arc-ion plating technique and a DC reactive magnetron sputtering technique using Cr and AI targets in the Ar/N2/CH4 gaseous mixture. The effect of carbon content on microstructure of CrA1C^N~ x coatings was investigated with instrumental analyses of X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The results show that the carbon content of CrA1CxN1-x coatings linearly increases with increasing CH4/(CH4/N2) gas flow rate ratio. The surface roughness of the CrA1CxN1-x coating layer decreases with the increase of carbon content. 展开更多
关键词 CrA1C N1-x coating NANOCOMPOSITE MICROSTRUCTURE hybrid coating system
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Horizontal gas mixing in rectangular fluidized bed:A novel method for gas dispersion coefficients in various conditions and distributor designs 被引量:3
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作者 Asheesh Nautiyal Chien-Song Chyang +1 位作者 Pin-Wei Li Hsin-Yung Hou 《Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2017年第7期848-861,共14页
In a rectangular fluidized bed combustor, the tracer gas is injected continuously into the bed from a point source at the center of the distributor plate. In this study, a general governing equation is formulated for ... In a rectangular fluidized bed combustor, the tracer gas is injected continuously into the bed from a point source at the center of the distributor plate. In this study, a general governing equation is formulated for tracer gas dispersion in the bed. An analytical solution is derived to estimate the dispersion coefficients, Dxand Dy, in a horizontal plane. The concentration profiles at different sampling heights with various gas velocities are plotted.Subsequently, to estimate the dispersion coefficients, surface fitting of the obtained analytical solution to the experimental data is performed. The dispersion coefficients obtained from this model are compared with those of a conventional model. Additionally, the effect of walls, bed height and gas injection rate on the dispersion coefficients in a horizontal plane is investigated, and the effect of distributor design on the dispersion coefficients in a horizontal plane is investigated with different tracer positions. It is found that Dxand Dyare nearly equivalent at a lower tracer gas ratio of the injected gas to the total gas flow rate. It is also demonstrated that the effect of bed height on Dxis minor. This model is also able to estimate the dispersion coefficients in the case of a multihorizontal nozzle distributor. 展开更多
关键词 Gas dispersion coefficient Horizontal mixing Wall effect Surface modeling
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Heating and Cooling Hybrid System with Gas Mixture Sourced Heat Pump and Heating Boiler
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作者 S. Egnatosyan Z. Melikyan 《Journal of Energy and Power Engineering》 2011年第11期1021-1029,共9页
Preliminary investigation shows that air sourced type heat pumps by energy efficiency are competitive with gas boilers having 93% of coefficient of performance (COP) if heat pumps are used in climatic zones, having ... Preliminary investigation shows that air sourced type heat pumps by energy efficiency are competitive with gas boilers having 93% of coefficient of performance (COP) if heat pumps are used in climatic zones, having outside air temperature higher than (-3 ℃ to -5 ℃). But, in such conditions the heat pump's evaporator is covered by ice crust, which cuts off the flow of outside air-heat source through the evaporator of heat pump. For avoiding stating problems it is recommended to use as heat source a mixture of waste warm gases. In this article a high efficiency heating-cooling system is developed, consisting of warm gases mixture sourced heat pump, heating boiler operating simultaneously with heat pump and solar air heater. The heating demand of the served house is shared between boiler and heat pump. Instead of outside air the warm gases mixture enters into evaporator of heat pump. A new construction of heat exchanger was developed. The article presents the structure and principle of operation, as well as the method for optimization and design of suggested system. Analysis proved high energy efficiency and cost effectiveness of the new system. 展开更多
关键词 GAS MIXTURE heat pump BOILER hybrid system HEATING cooling.
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Mixture Preparation and Combustion of CNG Low-Pressure Compound Direct Injection Spark-Ignited Engines
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作者 胡春明 侯圣智 +4 位作者 詹樟松 刘斌 刘娜 于勇 宋玺娟 《Transactions of Tianjin University》 EI CAS 2011年第6期411-417,共7页
A set of compressed natural gas (CNG) multi-point direct injection system of spark-ignited engines and the corresponding measurement and data acquisition systems were developed in this paper. Based on different inject... A set of compressed natural gas (CNG) multi-point direct injection system of spark-ignited engines and the corresponding measurement and data acquisition systems were developed in this paper. Based on different injection modes, the mixture formation and combustion of CNG low-pressure direct injection (LPDI) engines were studied under varying factors such as air/ fuel ratio, injection timing. Meanwhile, three-dimensional simulations were adopted to explain the mixture formation mechanisms of CNG low-pressure compound direct injection (LPCDI) mode. On the basis of test results and simulation of the mixture homogeneous degree, the conception of injection window was proposed, and the LPCDI mode was proved to be more beneficial to the mixture concentration stratification formation in cylinder under lean-burning conditions, which resulted in effective combustion and stability. 展开更多
关键词 compressed natural gas (CNG) engine mixture homogeneous degree injection timing low pressure compound direct injection (LPCDI)
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Dependence of Mixed Aerosol Light Scattering Extinction on Relative Humidity in Beijing and Hong Kong 被引量:4
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作者 LI Cheng-Cai HE Xiu +2 位作者 DENG Zhao-Ze Alexis Kai-Hon LAU LI Ying 《Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters》 CSCD 2013年第2期117-121,共5页
The hygroscopic properties of mixed aerosol particles are crucial for the application of remote sensing products of aerosol optical parameters in the study of air quality and climate at multiple scales. In this study,... The hygroscopic properties of mixed aerosol particles are crucial for the application of remote sensing products of aerosol optical parameters in the study of air quality and climate at multiple scales. In this study, the authors investigated aerosol optical properties as a func tion of relative humidity (RH) for two representative me tropolises: Beijing and Hong Kong. In addition to the RH data, mass concentrations of PM10 (particulate matter up to 10 utm in diameter) and aerosol scattering extinction coefficient (aext) data were used. The relationship between the mass scattering extinction efficiency (MEE, defined as O'ext/PMl0) and RH can be expressed by regression func tions asf= 1.52x + 0.29 (re= 0.77),f= 1.42x + 1.53 (re= 0.58),f= 1.19x + 0.65 (re= 0.59), andf= 1.58x + 1.30 (re = 0.61) for spring, summer, autumn, and winter, respec tively, in Beijing. Here, f represents MEE, x represents I/(1-RH), and the coefficients of determination are pre sented in parentheses. Conversely, in Hong Kong, the corresponding functions are f= 1.98x- 1.40 (r^2= 0.55),f = 1.32x - 0.36 (r^2 = 0.26),f= 1.87x - 0.65 (r^2 = 0.64), and f= 2.39x - 1.47 (r^2 = 0.72), respectively. The MEE values for Hong Kong at high RHs (RH 〉 70%) are higher than those for Beijing, except in summer; this suggests that aerosols in Hong Kong are more hygroscopic than those in Beijing for the other three seasons, but the aerosol hy groscopicity is similarly high in summer over both cities. This study describes the effects of moisture on aerosol scattering extinction coefficients and provides a potential method of studying atmospheric visibility and ground level air quality using some of the optical remote sensing products of satellites. 展开更多
关键词 mass extinction efficiency hygroscopicityJBeijing Hong Kong /
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Modern Electrical Power Source on New System of Dissipation and Renewable Energies Sources
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作者 Zygmunt Szymanski 《Computer Technology and Application》 2014年第1期7-14,共8页
This paper presents some solutions of modem renewable energy system applied actually in dissipation energy source: wind turbine, solar panel battery charge, SSS (support set system), and standby diesel generator co... This paper presents some solutions of modem renewable energy system applied actually in dissipation energy source: wind turbine, solar panel battery charge, SSS (support set system), and standby diesel generator cooperated in series, parallel and hybrid system with main energy system. Its solution enable obtain independent individual energy source in different work exploitations. One of problems concerned with alternative energy source is changes of output voltages and output power dependence of climatic conditions. Possible solution is application of decoupled adjustable speed generation system in renewable energy generation. The decoupled generation system consists of: alternative energy source, internal combustion engine drives permanent magnet generator and DC/AC, or AC/AC converter. Performance of single decoupled generation set is discussed supported by results of laboratory tests. To provide high quality voltage is applied an additional energy storage, made from super capacitor and bidirectional DC/DC convert. Such system performs very stiff voltage in any load condition. Integration of solar battery panels or renewable wind energy system is provided via DC link of the variable speed decoupled autonomous generation system. Results of computer simulation and laboratory experiments are presented in the paper. 展开更多
关键词 Power source renewable energy dissipation.
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Optimal air-supply mode of hybrid system with radiant cooling and dedicated outdoor air 被引量:5
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作者 丁研 田喆 朱能 《Journal of Central South University》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2015年第2期735-746,共12页
The hybrid system with radiant cooling and dedicated outdoor air not only possesses high energy efficiency, but also creates a healthy and comfortable indoor environment. Indoor air quality will be improved by the ded... The hybrid system with radiant cooling and dedicated outdoor air not only possesses high energy efficiency, but also creates a healthy and comfortable indoor environment. Indoor air quality will be improved by the dedicated outdoor air system(DOAS) and indoor thermal comfort can be enhanced by the radiant cooling system(RCS). The optimal air-supply mode of the hybrid system and the corresponding design approach were investigated. A full-scale experimental chamber with various air outlets and the ceiling radiant cooling panels(CRCP) was designed and established. The performances of different air-supply modes along with CRCPs were analyzed by multi-index evaluations. Preliminary investigations were also conducted on the humidity stratification and the control effect of different airflow modes to prevent condensation on CRCP. The overhead supply air is recommended as the best combination mode for the hybrid system after comprehensive comparison of the experiment results. The optimal proportion of CRCP accounting for the total cooling capacities in accord with specific cooling loads is found, which may provide valuable reference for the design and operation of the hybrid system. 展开更多
关键词 air-supply mode hybrid system radiant cooling humidity stratification
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Dispersion Relations in Binary Gas Mixtures From a Kinetic Theory
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作者 敖继军 汪阿其拉图 杨梅荣 《Communications in Theoretical Physics》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2011年第6期1095-1101,共7页
Sound propagation and the initial value problems in gas mixtures of two components are investigated. By using the eigen theory of linearized Boltzmann equations, a model equations is formed, with the use of the Fourie... Sound propagation and the initial value problems in gas mixtures of two components are investigated. By using the eigen theory of linearized Boltzmann equations, a model equations is formed, with the use of the Fourier-Laplace transform for model equations derived, the dispersion relations for both components are obtained. 展开更多
关键词 gas mixtures linearized Boltzmann operator dispersion relation model equations
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Absorption Spectroscopy of (8,1) Band in d^3△-a^3П System of CS Radical
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作者 Chuan-liang Li Lun-hua Deng +2 位作者 Yan Zhang Ji-lin Wei Ya ng-qin Chen 《Chinese Journal of Chemical Physics》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2012年第5期513-518,I0003,共7页
The CS radical was generated by discharging the mixture gas of CS2 and Helium. The Doppler limited spectra of CS were recorded in the region of 12350-12950 cm^-1 using optical heterodyne concentration modulation absor... The CS radical was generated by discharging the mixture gas of CS2 and Helium. The Doppler limited spectra of CS were recorded in the region of 12350-12950 cm^-1 using optical heterodyne concentration modulation absorption spectroscopy. Three hundred and twenty-six lines were recorded and assigned to the d^3△-a^3П (8,1) band, in which eighty-three transitions were first observed. A set of improved molecular constants for the d^3△(v=8) and a^3П(v=1) levels were determined by a non-linear least-squares fitting of all the lines to the effective Hamiltonian. 展开更多
关键词 CS radical Concentration modulation absorption spectroscopy Molecularconstant
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Large-scale Experimental System for Multiphase Fuel/Air Explosions
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作者 刘庆明 宫广东 +2 位作者 白春华 陈亚红 牛国涛 《Journal of Measurement Science and Instrumentation》 CAS 2011年第2期195-200,共6页
A large-scale experimental for multiphase combustion and explosion study was developed and manufactured. The explosion tank consists of a 2 m diameter, 3.5 m long tube and ellipsoidai dames on both ends. The volume of... A large-scale experimental for multiphase combustion and explosion study was developed and manufactured. The explosion tank consists of a 2 m diameter, 3.5 m long tube and ellipsoidai dames on both ends. The volume of the experimental tank is 10 ma. Pressure histories of the explosion pressure can be measured at different locations in the tank. High pressure glass windows of 200~300 mm were used to have access to the visualization of the explosion process. The explosion process of methane/air mixture and methane/coal dust/air mixture initiated by a 40 J electric spark at the center of the tank was studied in the large^scale experimental system. Five pressure sonsars were arranged in the tank with different distances from the ignition point. Ton dust dispersion traits were equipped to eject dust into the tank. A high-speed camera system was used to visualize the flame propagation during the explosion process. The characteristics of the pressure wave and flame propagated in methane/air mixtures and methane/coal dust/air mixtures have been 展开更多
关键词 a large-sale experimental system explosion COMBUSTION FLAME
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Potentialities of Renewable Energy in Victoria, Australia
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作者 Vinayagam Arangarajan Aman Moung Than Oo G M Shafiullah Alex Stojcevski 《Journal of Energy and Power Engineering》 2014年第6期990-1001,共12页
In utility power system, electricity demand is being covered largely by fossil fueled power generation, which contributes high level of GHG (greenhouse gas) emission and causes global warming worldwide. In order to ... In utility power system, electricity demand is being covered largely by fossil fueled power generation, which contributes high level of GHG (greenhouse gas) emission and causes global warming worldwide. In order to reduce GHG emission level, most of the countries in the world targeting towards green energy that is power generation from RE (renewable energy) sources. In this paper, it is considered to study prospects of RE sources in particular, solar and wind in Victoria State which are abundant as compared to other sources of renewable. The wind and solar energy feasibility study and sensitivity analysis has been done for Victoria with the aid of HOMER (hybrid optimization model of electric renewable) simulation software. From the study, it has clearly evicted that wind energy combinational HPS (hybrid power system) has more contribution, and high potential than solar PV (photovoltaic) systems for a particular location. This study also investigates the influences of energy storage in the proposed HPS. 展开更多
关键词 Renewable energy hybrid power system economic analysis environmental analysis.
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Performance Analysis of the Aeration Valves and Its Protections at the Generating Units in ITAIPU Hydroelectric Power Plant
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作者 Joao Maria Marra Lucas Rafael Hara Motta Liliana Madalena Gramani 《Journal of Mechanics Engineering and Automation》 2014年第7期601-609,共9页
With the growing energetic need present in the world, it is increasingly necessary for the researches and facilities to seek a better use of renewable natural resources. This paper is applied in the study of the perfo... With the growing energetic need present in the world, it is increasingly necessary for the researches and facilities to seek a better use of renewable natural resources. This paper is applied in the study of the performance of the aeration system of the Francis turbines present in Itaipu Hydroelectric Power Plant. When a Francis turbine operates off its optimal conditions, a vortex is formed inside the draft tube that, besides produces cavitation and pressure fluctuations, can pulse at frequencies with risk of resonance with hydraulic system, producing efforts and vibrations that may cause structural failures in the turbines, generators and civil parts of the power house. These damaging effects can be reduced using atmospheric aeration of the turbines. Because of this, the availability and effectively of the aeration system is fundamental to smooth the behavior of the turbines, helping preserve the health of the power plant. An analysis of the performance of the aeration system will be done using maintenance records and disturbances analysis reports (RAP), allowing verification of the operating conditions of the turbine and fatality of water inlet in air pipes. Through the improvements detected, it is possible to reduce machine stoppages by tripping, thus increasing the availability of the turbines. 展开更多
关键词 TURBINE AERATION performance.
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Electrochemical solid-state amorphization in the immiscible Cu-Li system 被引量:3
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作者 Muhua Sun Jiake Wei +4 位作者 Zhi Xu Qianming Huang Yu Zhao Wenlong Wang Xuedong Bai 《Science Bulletin》 SCIE EI CSCD 2018年第18期1208-1214,共7页
As a typical immiscible binary system, copper (Cu) and lithium (Li) show no alloying and chemical intermixing under normal circumstances. Here we show that, when decreasing Cu nanoparticle sizes into ultrasmall range,... As a typical immiscible binary system, copper (Cu) and lithium (Li) show no alloying and chemical intermixing under normal circumstances. Here we show that, when decreasing Cu nanoparticle sizes into ultrasmall range, the nanoscale size effect can play a subtle yet critical role in mediating the chemical activity of Cu and therefore its miscibility with Li, such that the electrochemical alloying and solidstate amorphization will occur in such an immiscible system. This unusual observation was accomplished by performing in-situ studies of the electrochemical lithiation processes of individual CuO nanowires inside a transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Upon lithiation, CuO nanowires are first electrochemically reduced to form discrete ultrasmall Cu nanocrystals that, unexpectedly, can in turn undergo further electrochemical lithiation to form amorphous Cu Lixnanoalloys. Real-time TEM imaging unveils that there is a critical grain size (ca. 6 nm), below which the nanocrystalline Cu particles can be continuously lithiated and amorphized. The possibility that the observed solid-state amorphization of Cu-Li might be induced by electron beam irradiation effect can be explicitly ruled out; on the contrary, it was found that electron beam irradiation will lead to the dealloying of as-formed amorphous Cu Lixnanoalloys. 展开更多
关键词 Immiscible Cu-Li system Electrochemical solid-state amorphization Nanoscale size effect In-situ TEM Lithium ion battery
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A climatic dataset of ocean vertical turbulent mixing coefficient based on real energy sources 被引量:4
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作者 ZHANG Yu LIN YiHua HUANG RuiXin 《Science China Earth Sciences》 SCIE EI CAS 2014年第10期2435-2446,共12页
Using data on wind stress, significant height of combined wind waves and swell, potential temperature, salinity and seawater velocity, as well as objectively-analyzed in situ temperature and salinity, we established a... Using data on wind stress, significant height of combined wind waves and swell, potential temperature, salinity and seawater velocity, as well as objectively-analyzed in situ temperature and salinity, we established a global ocean dataset of calculated wind- and tide-induced vertical turbulent mixing coefficients. We then examined energy conservation of ocean vertical mixing from the point of view of ocean wind energy inputs, gravitational potential energy change due to mixing(with and without artificially limiting themixing coefficient), and K-theory vertical turbulent parameterization schemes regardless of energy inputs. Our research showed that calculating the mixing coefficient with average data and artificial limiting the mixing coefficient can cause a remarkable lack of energy conservation, with energy losses of up to 90% and changes in the energy oscillation period. The data also show that wind can introduce a huge amount of energy into the upper layers of the Southern Ocean, and that tidesdo so in regions around underwater mountains. We argue that it is necessary to take wind and tidal energy inputs into account forlong-term ocean climate numerical simulations. We believe that using this ocean vertical turbulent mixing coefficient climatic dataset is a fast and efficient method to maintain the ocean energy balance in ocean modeling research. 展开更多
关键词 energy conservation spectrum analysis turbulent mixing parameterization vertical turbulent mixing coefficient
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Study on pneumatic-fuel hybrid system based on waste heat recovery from cooling water of internal combustion engine 被引量:5
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作者 FANG YiDong LI DaoFei +3 位作者 FAN ZhiPeng XU HuanXiang WANG Lei YU XiaoLi 《Science China(Technological Sciences)》 SCIE EI CAS 2013年第12期3070-3080,共11页
The paper proposes a novel pneumatic-fuel hybrid system,which combines a traditional internal combustion engine(ICE)and a pneumatic engine.One important merit of this concept is that the system can recover waste from ... The paper proposes a novel pneumatic-fuel hybrid system,which combines a traditional internal combustion engine(ICE)and a pneumatic engine.One important merit of this concept is that the system can recover waste from cooling water of internal combustion engine to optimize the working process of pneumatic engine,and thus to improve the entire efficiency of the hybrid system.Meanwhile,energy-saving effect due to lower cooling fan power can be achieved on ICE by waste heat recovery of pneumatic engine.Based on thermodynamic analysis,an experimental system is designed and established for verification.The experimental results show that the performance of pneumatic engine is improved when the waste heat recovery concept of the hybrid system is applied.Then an application example on a 4-cylinder engine is analyzed and discussed using numerical simulation.The results show that the fan power of the ICE cooling system can be saved up to 50%by applying the hybrid system.Considering the appreciable improvements on the energy efficiency with only limited system modifications when the concept is applied to traditional ICE based power systems,the proposed hybrid concept has the potential to serve as an alternative technology aiming for energy saving and emission reduction. 展开更多
关键词 pneumatic engine pneumatic-fuel hybrid system waste heat recovery experimental study efficiency improvement
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