AIM: To study the effect of combined omeprazole(Ome) and domperidone(Dom) therapy on asthma symptoms and pulmonary function in asthmatics with gastroesoph- ageal reflux. METHODS: We selected 198 asthmatics with ...AIM: To study the effect of combined omeprazole(Ome) and domperidone(Dom) therapy on asthma symptoms and pulmonary function in asthmatics with gastroesoph- ageal reflux. METHODS: We selected 198 asthmatics with gastro- esophageal reflux diagnosed by 24-h esophageal pH moni- toring to receive Ome 20 mg twice daily and Dom 10 mg three times daily or placebo for 16 wk (1:1 double-blind randomization). Spirometry was done at baseline and after 16 wk of treatment. The primary outcome measures were: mean daily daytime and nighttime asthma symptom scores. Mean daily reflux symptom scores, albuterol use as rescue medication (number of puffs), daytime and nighttime peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), postbronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEVl) and postbronchodilator forced vital capacity (FVC) were secondary outcome measures. RESULTS: Comparison of mean change from baseline between antireflux therapy and placebo groups revealed significant reduction in daytime asthma symptom score (17.4% vs 8.9 %), nighttime asthma symptom score (19.6% vs 5.4%), reflux symptom score (8.7% vs 1.6%) and rescue medication use (23.2% vs 3.1%) after antireflux therapy compared to mean change in placebo group (P 〈 0.001). There was significant improvement in morning PEFR (7.9% vs 0.2%), evening PEFR (9.8% vs 0.5%), FEW (11.1% vs 3.78%) and FVC (9.3%vs 1.52%) in the antireflux therapy group compared to placebo on comparng the mean change from baseline after 16 wk (P 〈 0.01) CONCLUSION: Combined therapy with Ome and Dom in adult asthmatics with gastroesophageal reflux may be beneficial by reducing asthma symptoms, rescuing medi- cation use, and improving pulmonary function.展开更多
The Lithuania 2011 Childhood is not just a product of human development but also a product of society's educational and spiritual culture development. This paper aims to disclose how nowadays the family helps the chi...The Lithuania 2011 Childhood is not just a product of human development but also a product of society's educational and spiritual culture development. This paper aims to disclose how nowadays the family helps the child to develop adaptation instruments which would help to adapt to the society in a micromacro environment, to show what helps the child to become a member of a social group, of the society, what adaptation problems arise during the childhood. Problems of school adaptation of the first-formers have not been properly assessed and analysed so far, though they foresee the future. No proper attention has been paid to the development of the harmonious personality during the pre-school period and to the correction of their adaptation during the firstschool year. The paper deals with the child's experiences of the pre-school period as the factor influencing school adaptation in the first form. Variety and quality of children's experiences are directly related and most of all depend on the family of the spiritual institution, so its impact is the strongest in terms of the development of the child's personality. The goal is to disclose the importance of selfdevelopment in childhood, which determines future success. The object is selfdevelopment during childhood today in the Lithuania. Methods of investigation are: the analysis of pedagogical, psychological, philosophical literature; the analysis of empiri.cal researches and statistic data; and the method of observation. The hypothesis is: The cause of the firstformers' school adaptation difficulties incompletely realised adaptation potential during the preschool period.展开更多
This study is conducted on the special provision of the Korean government to prevent youths' addiction to online games. Judging that the youths' addiction to online games is serious, the Korea government made a lega...This study is conducted on the special provision of the Korean government to prevent youths' addiction to online games. Judging that the youths' addiction to online games is serious, the Korea government made a legal provision to control the phenomena of youths' online game addiction. At that time, there were lots of conflicting opinions in the course of implementation of the related governmental act. The purpose of this study is investigating what conflicting opinions there were in the course of the legislation and also the fundamental cause of the opinion confliction and the countermeasures thereby. Especially, it is noteworthy that two departments of the government had different legal approaches toward the issue. Thus, this study will present an affordable suggestion for other countries which have youths' online game addiction problems.展开更多
In response to horror stories throughout the country concerning childhood deaths from sniffing model airplane glue, organizations around Louisiana would begin lobbying for legislation to criminalize the practice in 19...In response to horror stories throughout the country concerning childhood deaths from sniffing model airplane glue, organizations around Louisiana would begin lobbying for legislation to criminalize the practice in 1966. State lawmakers spent much of that summer crafting an anti-glue-sniffing measure for the state. The debates that resulted from the attempt, however, never really focused on the sustainability or practical use of such a law, but instead on the kind of law it would ultimately be -- whether, for example, retailers would be liable for selling glue to minors, even though model airplanes and other kits and toys required such items. Or whether the ingredients in model airplane glue could be classed as schedule one narcotics. Such questions ultimately framed a debate about the fundamental nature of the offense being committed. Ultimately, (unlike other Deep South states) Louisiana decided that sniffing glue was not a drug crime. Instead, it was a problem that affected "the health and morals of minors".展开更多
The nineteenth session of the Standing Committee of the Eleventh National People's Congress in February 25, 2011 approved the "PRC Criminal Law Amendment (eight)", which for the first time added the provision of ...The nineteenth session of the Standing Committee of the Eleventh National People's Congress in February 25, 2011 approved the "PRC Criminal Law Amendment (eight)", which for the first time added the provision of the lenient punishment for the elderly crimes. The provision filled the legislative blank of the criminal responsibility of this special group of the old people in the criminal law of our country. But at the same time, we should also clearly see the deficiencies of the amendment (eight). This paper attempts to sort out the rationality of the lenient application of the punishment on the older people from the aspect of the criminal policy oftemperingjustice with mercy and other aspects, and to construct and perfect the specific legislative proposals that the amendment (eight) puts forward.展开更多
In megacities, the phenomenon of the highrise buildings which add fashion elements into the body and facades seems as big sculptures. Architect composed their work by applying the cross-pollination of design method. T...In megacities, the phenomenon of the highrise buildings which add fashion elements into the body and facades seems as big sculptures. Architect composed their work by applying the cross-pollination of design method. They adopted the various elements to enrich their building's facade in order to look different. On the other hand, the traditional architecture expressed the tribe civilization by placing their proud artifacts into the building's facade. The purpose of this study is to find a new theory of architecture during their process of becoming of the architecture's form. The study applied a phenomenological investigation method of several highrise building's facade at Jakarta and several districts of Singapore, Brisbane and Melbourne. The study result is a new theory named "the fashion-architecture" is a building composed by adopting the cross-pollination of design method. To enrich the building's facade, architect adopted anything including the fashion's design elements: accessories, millineries, and cosmetics also reflected by the traditional architecture. Their fashion-architecture works are reflecting the tribe civilization into a contemporary architecture design.展开更多
This paper aims at the spatiotemporal distribution of rainfall in Ethiopia and developing stochastic daily rainfall model.Particularly,in this study,we used a Markov Chain Analogue Year(MCAY)model that is,Markov Chain...This paper aims at the spatiotemporal distribution of rainfall in Ethiopia and developing stochastic daily rainfall model.Particularly,in this study,we used a Markov Chain Analogue Year(MCAY)model that is,Markov Chain with Analogue year(AY)component is used to model the occurrence process of daily rainfall and the intensity or amount of rainfall on wet days is described using Weibull,Log normal,mixed exponential and Gamma distributions.The MCAY model best describes the occurrence process of daily rainfall,this is due to the AY component included in the MC to model the frequency of daily rainfall.Then,by combining the occurrence process model and amount process model,we developed Markov Chain Analogue Year Weibull model(MCAYWBM),Markov Chain Analogue Year Log normal model(MCAYLNM),Markov Chain Analogue Year mixed exponential model(MCAYMEM)and Markov Chain Analogue Year gamma model(MCAYGM).The performance of the models is assessed by taking daily rainfall data from 21 weather stations(ranging from 1 January 1984–31 December 2018).The data is obtained from Ethiopia National Meteorology Agency(ENMA).The result shows that MCAYWBM,MCAYMEM and MCAYGM performs very well in the simulation of daily rainfall process in Ethiopia and their performances are nearly the same with a slight difference between them compared to MCAYLNM.The mean absolute percentage error(MAPE)in the four models:MCAYGM,MCAYWBM,MAYMEM and MCAYLNM are 2.16%,2.27%,2.25%and 11.41%respectively.Hence,MCAYGM,MCAYWBM,MAYMEM models have shown an excellent performance compared to MCAYLNM.In general,the light tailed distributions:Weibull,gamma and mixed exponential distributions are appropriate probability distributions to model the intensity of daily rainfall in Ethiopia especially,when these distributions are combined with MCAYM.展开更多
基金a research grant from the University of Delhi, No. 52301/01Glaxo Smithkline Pharmaceuticals Limited and Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Ltd, No. 9834512
文摘AIM: To study the effect of combined omeprazole(Ome) and domperidone(Dom) therapy on asthma symptoms and pulmonary function in asthmatics with gastroesoph- ageal reflux. METHODS: We selected 198 asthmatics with gastro- esophageal reflux diagnosed by 24-h esophageal pH moni- toring to receive Ome 20 mg twice daily and Dom 10 mg three times daily or placebo for 16 wk (1:1 double-blind randomization). Spirometry was done at baseline and after 16 wk of treatment. The primary outcome measures were: mean daily daytime and nighttime asthma symptom scores. Mean daily reflux symptom scores, albuterol use as rescue medication (number of puffs), daytime and nighttime peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), postbronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEVl) and postbronchodilator forced vital capacity (FVC) were secondary outcome measures. RESULTS: Comparison of mean change from baseline between antireflux therapy and placebo groups revealed significant reduction in daytime asthma symptom score (17.4% vs 8.9 %), nighttime asthma symptom score (19.6% vs 5.4%), reflux symptom score (8.7% vs 1.6%) and rescue medication use (23.2% vs 3.1%) after antireflux therapy compared to mean change in placebo group (P 〈 0.001). There was significant improvement in morning PEFR (7.9% vs 0.2%), evening PEFR (9.8% vs 0.5%), FEW (11.1% vs 3.78%) and FVC (9.3%vs 1.52%) in the antireflux therapy group compared to placebo on comparng the mean change from baseline after 16 wk (P 〈 0.01) CONCLUSION: Combined therapy with Ome and Dom in adult asthmatics with gastroesophageal reflux may be beneficial by reducing asthma symptoms, rescuing medi- cation use, and improving pulmonary function.
文摘The Lithuania 2011 Childhood is not just a product of human development but also a product of society's educational and spiritual culture development. This paper aims to disclose how nowadays the family helps the child to develop adaptation instruments which would help to adapt to the society in a micromacro environment, to show what helps the child to become a member of a social group, of the society, what adaptation problems arise during the childhood. Problems of school adaptation of the first-formers have not been properly assessed and analysed so far, though they foresee the future. No proper attention has been paid to the development of the harmonious personality during the pre-school period and to the correction of their adaptation during the firstschool year. The paper deals with the child's experiences of the pre-school period as the factor influencing school adaptation in the first form. Variety and quality of children's experiences are directly related and most of all depend on the family of the spiritual institution, so its impact is the strongest in terms of the development of the child's personality. The goal is to disclose the importance of selfdevelopment in childhood, which determines future success. The object is selfdevelopment during childhood today in the Lithuania. Methods of investigation are: the analysis of pedagogical, psychological, philosophical literature; the analysis of empiri.cal researches and statistic data; and the method of observation. The hypothesis is: The cause of the firstformers' school adaptation difficulties incompletely realised adaptation potential during the preschool period.
文摘This study is conducted on the special provision of the Korean government to prevent youths' addiction to online games. Judging that the youths' addiction to online games is serious, the Korea government made a legal provision to control the phenomena of youths' online game addiction. At that time, there were lots of conflicting opinions in the course of implementation of the related governmental act. The purpose of this study is investigating what conflicting opinions there were in the course of the legislation and also the fundamental cause of the opinion confliction and the countermeasures thereby. Especially, it is noteworthy that two departments of the government had different legal approaches toward the issue. Thus, this study will present an affordable suggestion for other countries which have youths' online game addiction problems.
文摘In response to horror stories throughout the country concerning childhood deaths from sniffing model airplane glue, organizations around Louisiana would begin lobbying for legislation to criminalize the practice in 1966. State lawmakers spent much of that summer crafting an anti-glue-sniffing measure for the state. The debates that resulted from the attempt, however, never really focused on the sustainability or practical use of such a law, but instead on the kind of law it would ultimately be -- whether, for example, retailers would be liable for selling glue to minors, even though model airplanes and other kits and toys required such items. Or whether the ingredients in model airplane glue could be classed as schedule one narcotics. Such questions ultimately framed a debate about the fundamental nature of the offense being committed. Ultimately, (unlike other Deep South states) Louisiana decided that sniffing glue was not a drug crime. Instead, it was a problem that affected "the health and morals of minors".
文摘The nineteenth session of the Standing Committee of the Eleventh National People's Congress in February 25, 2011 approved the "PRC Criminal Law Amendment (eight)", which for the first time added the provision of the lenient punishment for the elderly crimes. The provision filled the legislative blank of the criminal responsibility of this special group of the old people in the criminal law of our country. But at the same time, we should also clearly see the deficiencies of the amendment (eight). This paper attempts to sort out the rationality of the lenient application of the punishment on the older people from the aspect of the criminal policy oftemperingjustice with mercy and other aspects, and to construct and perfect the specific legislative proposals that the amendment (eight) puts forward.
文摘In megacities, the phenomenon of the highrise buildings which add fashion elements into the body and facades seems as big sculptures. Architect composed their work by applying the cross-pollination of design method. They adopted the various elements to enrich their building's facade in order to look different. On the other hand, the traditional architecture expressed the tribe civilization by placing their proud artifacts into the building's facade. The purpose of this study is to find a new theory of architecture during their process of becoming of the architecture's form. The study applied a phenomenological investigation method of several highrise building's facade at Jakarta and several districts of Singapore, Brisbane and Melbourne. The study result is a new theory named "the fashion-architecture" is a building composed by adopting the cross-pollination of design method. To enrich the building's facade, architect adopted anything including the fashion's design elements: accessories, millineries, and cosmetics also reflected by the traditional architecture. Their fashion-architecture works are reflecting the tribe civilization into a contemporary architecture design.
文摘This paper aims at the spatiotemporal distribution of rainfall in Ethiopia and developing stochastic daily rainfall model.Particularly,in this study,we used a Markov Chain Analogue Year(MCAY)model that is,Markov Chain with Analogue year(AY)component is used to model the occurrence process of daily rainfall and the intensity or amount of rainfall on wet days is described using Weibull,Log normal,mixed exponential and Gamma distributions.The MCAY model best describes the occurrence process of daily rainfall,this is due to the AY component included in the MC to model the frequency of daily rainfall.Then,by combining the occurrence process model and amount process model,we developed Markov Chain Analogue Year Weibull model(MCAYWBM),Markov Chain Analogue Year Log normal model(MCAYLNM),Markov Chain Analogue Year mixed exponential model(MCAYMEM)and Markov Chain Analogue Year gamma model(MCAYGM).The performance of the models is assessed by taking daily rainfall data from 21 weather stations(ranging from 1 January 1984–31 December 2018).The data is obtained from Ethiopia National Meteorology Agency(ENMA).The result shows that MCAYWBM,MCAYMEM and MCAYGM performs very well in the simulation of daily rainfall process in Ethiopia and their performances are nearly the same with a slight difference between them compared to MCAYLNM.The mean absolute percentage error(MAPE)in the four models:MCAYGM,MCAYWBM,MAYMEM and MCAYLNM are 2.16%,2.27%,2.25%and 11.41%respectively.Hence,MCAYGM,MCAYWBM,MAYMEM models have shown an excellent performance compared to MCAYLNM.In general,the light tailed distributions:Weibull,gamma and mixed exponential distributions are appropriate probability distributions to model the intensity of daily rainfall in Ethiopia especially,when these distributions are combined with MCAYM.