双极晶体管结温分布不均匀性的电学测量方法

用Δ VBE法测得的结温是器件有源区某一点的温度 ,流经该点的测试电流密度等于流经整个芯片的平均测试电流密度。测量结温随测试电流变化而变化 ,小测试电流测得的结温高 ,大测试电流测得的结温低 ,测得的结温的变化范围小于芯片上实际的最低结温和最高结温之差。根据晶体管测量结温的这一性质可以半定量地判断晶体管结温分布的均匀性。

双馈抽水蓄能机组用中点箝位式三电平变流器损耗与结温分布

针对双馈抽水蓄能机组(DFPSU)运行工况转换频繁,分析不同运行工况下中点箝位式(NPC)三电平变流器功率器件损耗及结温分布。基于DFPSU运行特点,以机侧变流器单相桥臂功率模块为例,研究了不同运行工况下各个功率器件开关动作和电流通路,理论上分析了器件损耗分布不均现象;基于功率器件导通损耗和开关损耗计算模型,建立其热网络等效电路和结温计算模型,考虑DFPSU控制策略,并基于PLECS平台建立了NPC三电平变流器功率器件电热耦合仿真模型;对机组在发电、电动和调相运行工况下的器件损耗和结温分布进行仿真。理论分析与仿真结果表明,不同运行工况下器件损耗不同,变流器中间位置的主开关和箝位二极管的损耗和平均结温最大,且机组在同步转速点附近器件结温波动最大。

双极晶体管结温分布均匀性的一种判定方法

分析了当双极晶体管结温分布不均匀时用ΔＶＢＥ法测得的温度与器件结温分布以及测量条件的关系，提出了一种快速判断双极晶体管结温分布均匀性的方法．

SiC MOSFET串联短路动态特性

在电力电子系统中,因器件击穿、硬件电路缺陷或系统控制失误导致碳化硅(SiC)金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管(MOSFET)误开通时,桥臂电流回路中多个器件处于开通状态,形成串联短路故障。该文以SiC MOSFET半桥电路为研究对象,详细介绍SiC MOSFET串联短路的动态过程,理论分析负载电流、栅极驱动电压和结温温升对SiC MOSFET短路动态特性的影响规律,推导出SiCMOSFET分压模型,并采用仿真模型进行验证。实验基于1 200V/80ASiC MOSFET测试平台验证电路参数对短路损耗和结温分布的影响。理论与实验结果表明,SiC MOSFET串联短路分压特性对电路参数具有较高敏感度,漏极电压与漏极电流不平衡动态变化会改变器件短路损耗,进而影响结温温升,造成串联短路SiC MOSFET不稳定变化。

失配状态对GaN HEMT器件性能影响的研究

失配状态会使GaN HEMT器件的输出功率、效率等偏离设计的额定值,通过EMMI和红外测试系统验证了失配状态对GaN HEMT器件性能的影响。结果表明,EMMI发光强度和器件的最高结温与器件输出功率的变化趋势相反,输出功率越大,EMMI发光强度越弱,器件的最高结温越小。进一步测试器件内部左、中、右三个位置的最高结温分布,器件不同位置的最高结温分布受匹配状态、相位、输出功率等影响较大。在不同占空比工作条件下,器件内部不同位置的最高结温分布各不相同,且温升差异更大。

Electromagnetic simulation and experimental analysis of microwave heaters for asphalt pavements

In order to study the thermoelectric efficiency of microwave heating and reproduction of asphalt pavements and the uniformity of reproduction temperature distribution, a waveguide excitation cavity is designed and applied to the structural design of a microwave heater. The structural sizes of the incentive cavities are determined based on the waveguide transmission line theory. Using IE3D software, electromagnetic simulations are respectively carried out in four different situations, including the distances between the magnetron probes （antennas） and a short-circuit board, different horn electric lengths and aperture sizes, different dielectric properties of the asphalt mixture, and the distances between the asphalt surface and the mouth cavity. The results show that, when the distance between the magnetron probe and the short-circuit board is 32.5 ram, it is the best installation site; reduction of aerial length is the main factor in improving the heating uniformity. When the aggregate is limestone, the best heating effect can be produced. Maximum radiation efficiency can be realized by adjusting the space between the heater radiation port and the asphalt pavement. The experimental results of asphalt mixture heating in four different situations have a substantial agreement with the simulation results, which confirms that the developed microwave heater can achieve better impedance matching, thus improving the quality and efficiency of heating regeneration.

Atomistic simulation of thermal effects and defect structures during nanomachining of copper

Molecular dynamics （MD） simulations of monocrystalline copper （100） surface during nanomachining process were performed based on a new 3D simulation model. The material removal mechanism and system temperature distribution were discussed. The simulation results indicate that the system temperature distribution presents a roughly concentric shape, a steep temperature gradient is observed in diamond cutting tool, and the highest temperature is located in chip. Centrosymmetry parameter method was used to monitor defect structures. Dislocations and vacancies are the two principal types of defect structures. Residual defect structures impose a major change on the workpiece physical properties and machined surface quality. The defect structures in workpiece are temperature dependent. As the temperature increases, the dislocations are mainly mediated from the workpiece surface, while the others are dissociated into point defects. The relatively high cutting speed used in nanomachining results in less defect structures, beneficial to obtain highly machined surface quality.

Thermal stress investigation of glazing unit filled with paraffin in cold regions

In this study,based on the established heat transfer and mechanical stress models,thermal stress distribution of glazing unit filled with paraffin was studied for various temperature differences between indoor and outdoor conditions.The strain produced on the surface of glazing unit filled with paraffin varies greatly in the outdoor temperature range of-30℃-40 ℃.Furthermore,phase change material(PCM) layer between the glass panes significantly affects the strain values at different temperatures,which can respectively reach up to about 250×10^(-6) and down to-300×10^(-6) for tensile and compressive strains once the paraffin is in liquid state.Additionally,impacts of boundary conditions on the strain values are more pronounced within the distance of 0.01 m from the edges of the glazing window.The presented model and outcomes can be used as a guide to simulate thermal stress in glazing units filled with paraffin.

Sintering temperature reflected cation distribution of Zn^(2+) substituted CoFe_2O_4

The most remarkable effect in spinel ferrites is the strong dependence of properties on the state of structural disorder and,in particular,on the cation distribution.The structural characterization of a Co-Zn ferrite nanoparticle sample was reported which prepared by wet chemical co-precipitation method.The samples were sintered at three different temperatures viz.650℃,850℃ and 1050℃ for 12 h.The structural details like:lattice constant and distribution of cations in the tetrahedral and octahedral interstitial voids have been deduced through X-ray diffraction (XRD) data analysis.Lattice constant was found to increase with the increase in Zn2+ ions and sintering temperature.Theoretical intensity ratios of (220),(400),(440) planes were considered,as these reflections are sensitive to cations on the A and B sites.Close agreement of the theoretical intensity ratio with the intensity ratio observed from XRD pattern supports the occupancy of Zn2+ ions and Co2+ ions on the octahedral and tetrahedral sites,respectively.

Structural behaviors of steel roof truss exposed to pool fire

Experimental research was conducted to study the structural behaviors of a steel roof truss model without fire-proof coating under pool fire conditions. The data of temperature distribution and displacements of typical members were obtained. It is found that the temperature distribution of environment inside the structure, which is found to be in accordance with the multi-zone model with height, has a decisive effect on the tempera^tre evolution of steel members. Besides, it can also be observed that due to the restriction and coordination among the truss members in the localized fire, the maximum relative deflection, which occurs at the mid-span of the top chord, is relatively slight and has not exceeded 1 mm under experimental conditions. On the other hand, the column experiences a notable thermal expansion during the test. Then, a finite element model is presented and validated by the test results.

Effect of cooling structure on thermal behavior of copper plates of slab continuous casting mold

A three-dimensional finite-element model of slab continuous casting mold was conducted to clarify the effect of cooling structure on thermal behavior of copper plates. The results show that temperature distribution of hot surface is mainly governed by cooling structure and heat-transfer conditions. For hot surface centricity, maximum surface temperature promotions are 30 ℃and 15 ℃ with thickness increments of copper plates of 5 mm and nickel layers of 1 ram, respectively. The surface temperature without nickel layers is depressed by 10 ℃ when the depth increment of water slots is 2 mm and that with nickel layers adjacent to and away from mold outlet is depressed by 7℃ and 5 ℃, respectively. The specific trend of temperature distribution of transverse sections of copper plates is nearly free of cooling structure, but temperature is changed and its law is similar to the corresponding surface temperature.

Centrality Dependence of K~*(892)~0 and φ(1020) Production at LHC

We study the centrality dependence of the mid-rapidity （｜y｜ 〈 0.5） yields and transverse momentum distributions of K＊ （892）° and φ（1020） resonances produced in Pb ＋ Pb collisions at SNN= 2.76 TeV. The mid- rapidity density （dN/dy） and the shape of the transverse momentum spectra are well reproduced by an earlier proposed Unified Statistical Thermal Freeze-out Model （USTFM）, which incorporates the effects of both longitudinal as well as transverse hydrodynamic flow. The freeze-out properties in terms of kinetic freeze-out temperature and transverse flow velocity parameter are extracted from the model fits to the transverse momentum data provided by the ALICE experiment at the LHC. The kinetic freeze-out temperature is found to increase with decreasing event centrality while the transverse flow velocity parameter shows a mild decrease on moving towards peripheral collisions. Moreover the centrality dependence of the mid-rapidity system size at freeze-out has also been studied in terms of transverse radius parameter.