Although gastric hypochlorhydria is a risk factor for gastroenteritis and for gastric cancer, no reliable, inexpensive, noninvasive test exists for screening or epidemiologic studies. We aimed to evaluate the sensitiv...Although gastric hypochlorhydria is a risk factor for gastroenteritis and for gastric cancer, no reliable, inexpensive, noninvasive test exists for screening or epidemiologic studies. We aimed to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of the blood quininium resin test (bQRT) for hypochlorhydria, against pH monitoring. Twelve fasting adult volunteers (seven with and five without H. pylori infection) ingested 80 mg/kg of quininium resin twice, once with and once without acid suppression. Gastric pH was monitored for 75 minutes; serum samples were obtained at times 0 and 75 minutes. The bQRT levels were compared to gastric pH, controlling for omeprazole use and H. pylori infection. Subjects with a median recorded pH ≥3.5 were considered hypochlorhydric. Using a bQRT level of 10 as a cutoff for hypochlorhydria, the sensitivity and specificity of the bQRT were 100%and 37.5%, respectively. The bQRT predicted omeprazole use more accurately than pH monitoring. In conclusions, The bQRT has a high sensitivity for hypochlorhydria, making it potentially useful in populations with a high prevalence of hypochlorhydria. In its current formulation, the bQRT’s low specificity makes it less useful in low-risk population.展开更多
Digital radiographic(DR)testing equipment has been widely promoted and applied in the inspection of circumferential welds in oil and gas pipelines.In order to establish a comprehensive quality control system for digit...Digital radiographic(DR)testing equipment has been widely promoted and applied in the inspection of circumferential welds in oil and gas pipelines.In order to establish a comprehensive quality control system for digital radiographic testing and fully evaluate the integrated system inspection ability of equipment,personnel,and processes,a scientific and standardized evaluation method to the system is very necessary.Here investigates the precedents of relevant non-destructive testing evaluation methods at home and abroad,considers the testing characteristics of DR equipment,develops a complete set of DR testing system evaluation procedures.It deeply studies the adaptability methods of program processes from defect production to slicing processing and data statistical calculation for digital radiographic testing evaluation.To check the repeatability and reliability of the detectable system,five process welds with 200 real metallographic defects were fabricated in the laboratory.From the detected results,the DR system has good repeatability in image quality,and the detectable defect size reaches 0.85 mm under achieving 90%detection probability at a confidence level of 95%,the error of detected defect length is±2 mm,and the error of detected defect localization is±5 mm.The qualitative and quantitative detection of defects are accurate and reliable.The test further confirmed the reliable detection ability of the DR detection system,and fully validated the scientific and practical evaluation method designed.The research on the evaluation test method can serve as an important link in the quality control system for the on-site application of digital ray equipment in long-distance pipelines.The designed program,test,and evaluation content can serve as an important basis for the formulation of relevant specifications or standards.展开更多
Little is known about how the assessment modality,i.e.,computer-based(CB)and paper-based(PB)tests,affects language teachers’scorings,perceptions,and preferences and,therefore,the validity and fairness of classroom wr...Little is known about how the assessment modality,i.e.,computer-based(CB)and paper-based(PB)tests,affects language teachers’scorings,perceptions,and preferences and,therefore,the validity and fairness of classroom writing assessments.The present mixed-methods study used Shaw and Weir’s(2007)sociocognitive writing test validation framework to examine the scoring and consequential validity evidence of CB and PB writing tests in EFL classroom assessment in higher education.Original handwritten and word-processed texts of 38 EFL university students were transcribed to their opposite format and assessed by three language lecturers(N=456 texts,152 per teacher)to examine the scoring validity of CB and PB tests.The teachers’perceptions of text quality and preferences for assessment modality accounted for the consequential validity evidence of both tests.Findings revealed that the assessment modality impacted teachers’scorings,perceptions,and preferences.The teachers awarded higher scores to original and transcribed handwritten texts,particularly text organization and language use.The teachers’perceptions of text quality differed from their ratings,and physical,psychological,and experiential characteristics influenced their preferences for assessment modality.The results have implications for the validity and fairness of CB and PB writing tests and teachers’assessment practices.展开更多
文摘Although gastric hypochlorhydria is a risk factor for gastroenteritis and for gastric cancer, no reliable, inexpensive, noninvasive test exists for screening or epidemiologic studies. We aimed to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of the blood quininium resin test (bQRT) for hypochlorhydria, against pH monitoring. Twelve fasting adult volunteers (seven with and five without H. pylori infection) ingested 80 mg/kg of quininium resin twice, once with and once without acid suppression. Gastric pH was monitored for 75 minutes; serum samples were obtained at times 0 and 75 minutes. The bQRT levels were compared to gastric pH, controlling for omeprazole use and H. pylori infection. Subjects with a median recorded pH ≥3.5 were considered hypochlorhydric. Using a bQRT level of 10 as a cutoff for hypochlorhydria, the sensitivity and specificity of the bQRT were 100%and 37.5%, respectively. The bQRT predicted omeprazole use more accurately than pH monitoring. In conclusions, The bQRT has a high sensitivity for hypochlorhydria, making it potentially useful in populations with a high prevalence of hypochlorhydria. In its current formulation, the bQRT’s low specificity makes it less useful in low-risk population.
文摘Digital radiographic(DR)testing equipment has been widely promoted and applied in the inspection of circumferential welds in oil and gas pipelines.In order to establish a comprehensive quality control system for digital radiographic testing and fully evaluate the integrated system inspection ability of equipment,personnel,and processes,a scientific and standardized evaluation method to the system is very necessary.Here investigates the precedents of relevant non-destructive testing evaluation methods at home and abroad,considers the testing characteristics of DR equipment,develops a complete set of DR testing system evaluation procedures.It deeply studies the adaptability methods of program processes from defect production to slicing processing and data statistical calculation for digital radiographic testing evaluation.To check the repeatability and reliability of the detectable system,five process welds with 200 real metallographic defects were fabricated in the laboratory.From the detected results,the DR system has good repeatability in image quality,and the detectable defect size reaches 0.85 mm under achieving 90%detection probability at a confidence level of 95%,the error of detected defect length is±2 mm,and the error of detected defect localization is±5 mm.The qualitative and quantitative detection of defects are accurate and reliable.The test further confirmed the reliable detection ability of the DR detection system,and fully validated the scientific and practical evaluation method designed.The research on the evaluation test method can serve as an important link in the quality control system for the on-site application of digital ray equipment in long-distance pipelines.The designed program,test,and evaluation content can serve as an important basis for the formulation of relevant specifications or standards.
文摘Little is known about how the assessment modality,i.e.,computer-based(CB)and paper-based(PB)tests,affects language teachers’scorings,perceptions,and preferences and,therefore,the validity and fairness of classroom writing assessments.The present mixed-methods study used Shaw and Weir’s(2007)sociocognitive writing test validation framework to examine the scoring and consequential validity evidence of CB and PB writing tests in EFL classroom assessment in higher education.Original handwritten and word-processed texts of 38 EFL university students were transcribed to their opposite format and assessed by three language lecturers(N=456 texts,152 per teacher)to examine the scoring validity of CB and PB tests.The teachers’perceptions of text quality and preferences for assessment modality accounted for the consequential validity evidence of both tests.Findings revealed that the assessment modality impacted teachers’scorings,perceptions,and preferences.The teachers awarded higher scores to original and transcribed handwritten texts,particularly text organization and language use.The teachers’perceptions of text quality differed from their ratings,and physical,psychological,and experiential characteristics influenced their preferences for assessment modality.The results have implications for the validity and fairness of CB and PB writing tests and teachers’assessment practices.
