一、复习要点动词的非谓语形式有三种:不定式、动名词和分词 (一)不定式 1. 不定式修饰的名词或代词和不定式逻辑上构成主谓关系时,不定式往往用主动形式。 Have you got a key to unlock the door? (Akey unlocks the door) 2. 不定式...一、复习要点动词的非谓语形式有三种:不定式、动名词和分词 (一)不定式 1. 不定式修饰的名词或代词和不定式逻辑上构成主谓关系时,不定式往往用主动形式。 Have you got a key to unlock the door? (Akey unlocks the door) 2. 不定式和它前面被修饰的名词或代词构成逻辑上的动宾关系;且又和该句主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系,不定式常用主动形式。展开更多
It has always been very important throughout the centuries for legislative institutions and police organizations to watch over different media and genres as instruments of conspiracy of criminals, members of organized...It has always been very important throughout the centuries for legislative institutions and police organizations to watch over different media and genres as instruments of conspiracy of criminals, members of organized crime, and terroristic groups in order to recognize conspiracy contents and to evaluate them systematically （intelligence work）. With the help of special methods-design, it is possible to analyze the functions and strategies of this specific sometimes open or undercover used languages of Rotwelsch, Argot, Fenya, terrorist and Jihadi groups. A very significant example is the history of Jihadi Internet as a cyber-planning tool： single websites （until 2001）, expansion and professionalization （2001-2007） and severe surveillance, distrust and new social media （after 2008 especially because of 9/11）. Since it has become clear that the National Security Agency （NSA） conducts severe intelligence research in the field of E-mail-traffic and chats, the demand of crypto-programs has grown. It is better in this situation to return to face-to-face-communication. Legislative institutions and police have to study these functions and strategies in order to practice the best fitting counter-action against crime and terrorism.展开更多
Nowadays researchers working in various fields study the issues of argument. They represent different approaches which distinguish with theoretical and practical comprehension of argument problems. Informal study of a...Nowadays researchers working in various fields study the issues of argument. They represent different approaches which distinguish with theoretical and practical comprehension of argument problems. Informal study of argument is one of the approaches. The key reason of its appearance was the criticism of formal logic in the late 20th century. Researchers consider the argument from the different point of view. Formal dialectics and pragma-dialectics were based on dialectics. Contemporary rhetorical theories of argument were created on the rhetorical grounds; theory of speech acts on the basis of practical philosophy etc.. This paper is devoted to some theoretical problems of informal logic which was formed on the logic background in the late 70＇s. In spite of numerous papers, books, and text-books on informal logic published over the last thirty years, logicians has not achieved consensus so far on many issues. Among the numerous problems are： what is the subject matter of informal logic？ Does informal logic belong to the realm of logic？ Is it applied epistemology？ What is a real argument？ And what are the criteria for evaluating of such arguments？展开更多
文摘一、复习要点动词的非谓语形式有三种:不定式、动名词和分词 (一)不定式 1. 不定式修饰的名词或代词和不定式逻辑上构成主谓关系时,不定式往往用主动形式。 Have you got a key to unlock the door? (Akey unlocks the door) 2. 不定式和它前面被修饰的名词或代词构成逻辑上的动宾关系;且又和该句主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系,不定式常用主动形式。
文摘It has always been very important throughout the centuries for legislative institutions and police organizations to watch over different media and genres as instruments of conspiracy of criminals, members of organized crime, and terroristic groups in order to recognize conspiracy contents and to evaluate them systematically （intelligence work）. With the help of special methods-design, it is possible to analyze the functions and strategies of this specific sometimes open or undercover used languages of Rotwelsch, Argot, Fenya, terrorist and Jihadi groups. A very significant example is the history of Jihadi Internet as a cyber-planning tool： single websites （until 2001）, expansion and professionalization （2001-2007） and severe surveillance, distrust and new social media （after 2008 especially because of 9/11）. Since it has become clear that the National Security Agency （NSA） conducts severe intelligence research in the field of E-mail-traffic and chats, the demand of crypto-programs has grown. It is better in this situation to return to face-to-face-communication. Legislative institutions and police have to study these functions and strategies in order to practice the best fitting counter-action against crime and terrorism.
文摘Nowadays researchers working in various fields study the issues of argument. They represent different approaches which distinguish with theoretical and practical comprehension of argument problems. Informal study of argument is one of the approaches. The key reason of its appearance was the criticism of formal logic in the late 20th century. Researchers consider the argument from the different point of view. Formal dialectics and pragma-dialectics were based on dialectics. Contemporary rhetorical theories of argument were created on the rhetorical grounds; theory of speech acts on the basis of practical philosophy etc.. This paper is devoted to some theoretical problems of informal logic which was formed on the logic background in the late 70＇s. In spite of numerous papers, books, and text-books on informal logic published over the last thirty years, logicians has not achieved consensus so far on many issues. Among the numerous problems are： what is the subject matter of informal logic？ Does informal logic belong to the realm of logic？ Is it applied epistemology？ What is a real argument？ And what are the criteria for evaluating of such arguments？
