宽体金线蛭是中药市场上常见药物原料,人工养殖已成为其主要供应渠道,并且是目前我国养殖规模最大的水蛭种类。甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐(甲维盐)是一种阿维菌素类有机化合物,在水果、蔬菜等种植中应用广泛,在稻田生态系统中也有较广泛的...宽体金线蛭是中药市场上常见药物原料,人工养殖已成为其主要供应渠道,并且是目前我国养殖规模最大的水蛭种类。甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐(甲维盐)是一种阿维菌素类有机化合物,在水果、蔬菜等种植中应用广泛,在稻田生态系统中也有较广泛的使用,但其对水蛭的毒性尚未知。本研究通过甲维盐对宽体金线蛭的急性毒性实验,评估其对野生或养殖水蛭的影响。结果表明,甲维盐对宽体金线蛭高毒,96 h LC50为0.192 mg•L^(–1);农药制剂1%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐乳油(EC)对宽体金线蛭为低毒级农药,96 h LC50为19.22 mg•L^(–1)。中毒宽体金线蛭身体肿胀、结节,肠道大量积液;损伤主要集中在肌肉、肠道和肾管部分。甲维盐中毒水蛭肠道中的紧密连接蛋白ZO-1、水通道蛋白AQP2、AQP3、AQP4、AQP5和AQP6的转录水平均显著降低(P<0.05),而白细胞介素IL-16、肿瘤坏死因子TNF-α转录水平均显著上升(P<0.05),提示其对宽体金线蛭肠道的毒性机制包括影响了水蛭的肠道通透性,并诱导肠道炎症的发生。研究结果可为水蛭的资源养护以及健康养殖提供科学依据,在实际生产中使用甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐类农药时,建议选用低剂量农药制剂、更安全的剂型如微乳剂、于稻田无水时施药,降低用药对自然环境以及水蛭等物种的影响。展开更多
为明确5种阿维菌素·氟吡菌酰胺复配制剂以及2种单剂阿维菌素和氟吡菌酰胺对温室黄瓜根结线虫的防治潜力,本文采用春季温室黄瓜灌根方式施用7种杀线虫剂单因素随机区组试验,研究了施药后30 d和60 d的黄瓜根结线虫发病株率、病情指...为明确5种阿维菌素·氟吡菌酰胺复配制剂以及2种单剂阿维菌素和氟吡菌酰胺对温室黄瓜根结线虫的防治潜力,本文采用春季温室黄瓜灌根方式施用7种杀线虫剂单因素随机区组试验,研究了施药后30 d和60 d的黄瓜根结线虫发病株率、病情指数、防效以及收获的黄瓜总产量。结果表明:与空白对照相比,7种杀线虫剂对黄瓜根结线虫均有较好的防效,药后30 d的防效为67.00%~81.08%,药后60 d的防效为70.94%~88.66%,增产率为29.42%~54.68%。本试验为5种阿维菌素·氟吡菌酰胺复配制剂在施药时间、施药方式、剂型等方面防控根结线虫提供了理论支撑。In order to determine the control potential of five compound formulations of abamectin and fluopyram and two single nematicides of abamectin and fluopyram against green-house cucumber root-knot nematodes, this paper used a single-factor randomized block experiment to study the diseased plant rate, disease index and control effect, as well as the harvested total cucumber yield of seven nematicides on the green-house cucumbers after the root irrigation of 30 d and 60 d in spring. The results showed that compared with the blank control, seven nematicides had a good control effect on cucumber root-knot nematode and the control effects of the root irrigation of 30 d and 60 d were 67.00%~81.08% and 70.94%~88.66%, respectively. And the total yield increase rate was 29.42%~54.68%. This study provides atheoretical support for five compound formulations of abamectin and fluopyram to control root-knot nematode in terms of application time, application method and dosage form.展开更多
文摘宽体金线蛭是中药市场上常见药物原料,人工养殖已成为其主要供应渠道,并且是目前我国养殖规模最大的水蛭种类。甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐(甲维盐)是一种阿维菌素类有机化合物,在水果、蔬菜等种植中应用广泛,在稻田生态系统中也有较广泛的使用,但其对水蛭的毒性尚未知。本研究通过甲维盐对宽体金线蛭的急性毒性实验,评估其对野生或养殖水蛭的影响。结果表明,甲维盐对宽体金线蛭高毒,96 h LC50为0.192 mg•L^(–1);农药制剂1%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐乳油(EC)对宽体金线蛭为低毒级农药,96 h LC50为19.22 mg•L^(–1)。中毒宽体金线蛭身体肿胀、结节,肠道大量积液;损伤主要集中在肌肉、肠道和肾管部分。甲维盐中毒水蛭肠道中的紧密连接蛋白ZO-1、水通道蛋白AQP2、AQP3、AQP4、AQP5和AQP6的转录水平均显著降低(P<0.05),而白细胞介素IL-16、肿瘤坏死因子TNF-α转录水平均显著上升(P<0.05),提示其对宽体金线蛭肠道的毒性机制包括影响了水蛭的肠道通透性,并诱导肠道炎症的发生。研究结果可为水蛭的资源养护以及健康养殖提供科学依据,在实际生产中使用甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐类农药时,建议选用低剂量农药制剂、更安全的剂型如微乳剂、于稻田无水时施药,降低用药对自然环境以及水蛭等物种的影响。
文摘为明确5种阿维菌素·氟吡菌酰胺复配制剂以及2种单剂阿维菌素和氟吡菌酰胺对温室黄瓜根结线虫的防治潜力,本文采用春季温室黄瓜灌根方式施用7种杀线虫剂单因素随机区组试验,研究了施药后30 d和60 d的黄瓜根结线虫发病株率、病情指数、防效以及收获的黄瓜总产量。结果表明:与空白对照相比,7种杀线虫剂对黄瓜根结线虫均有较好的防效,药后30 d的防效为67.00%~81.08%,药后60 d的防效为70.94%~88.66%,增产率为29.42%~54.68%。本试验为5种阿维菌素·氟吡菌酰胺复配制剂在施药时间、施药方式、剂型等方面防控根结线虫提供了理论支撑。In order to determine the control potential of five compound formulations of abamectin and fluopyram and two single nematicides of abamectin and fluopyram against green-house cucumber root-knot nematodes, this paper used a single-factor randomized block experiment to study the diseased plant rate, disease index and control effect, as well as the harvested total cucumber yield of seven nematicides on the green-house cucumbers after the root irrigation of 30 d and 60 d in spring. The results showed that compared with the blank control, seven nematicides had a good control effect on cucumber root-knot nematode and the control effects of the root irrigation of 30 d and 60 d were 67.00%~81.08% and 70.94%~88.66%, respectively. And the total yield increase rate was 29.42%~54.68%. This study provides atheoretical support for five compound formulations of abamectin and fluopyram to control root-knot nematode in terms of application time, application method and dosage form.