静力压缩下煤岩组合体的裂前宏观弹性模型

煤岩组合体在静力压缩下的宏观变形受界面效应影响,与煤、岩单体存在显著差异。在岩石单体材料的有效介质模型基础上进行改进,考虑了煤岩组合体的构成特征,提出一种适用于不同类型的煤岩组合体的裂前宏观弹性模型。模型参数基于轴向裂纹应变确定,均可从试验曲线获得,方法简单方便。通过现有文献的数据验证,表明了模型的合理性、有效性和普适性。对模型参数进行讨论,结果表明:(1)在煤岩组合体的裂前阶段,煤岩组合体裂纹差异可以忽略;(2)模型通过对煤岩组合体基质进行解耦,反映了界面效应对煤岩组合体弹性性能的影响;(3)模型中岩体基质的有效占比随着煤体比例的提高显著下降;(4)存在岩体与煤体弹性模量的最佳比值,使岩体基质的有效占比最大。模型可为矿井支护方案设计与材料选择提供一种新的思路。

泡沫铝基耗能装置在铁路桥墩防车撞中的应用研究

随着公路、铁路、城市立交桥的大量建设,跨线桥数量剧增,桥墩被汽车撞击的可能性大大增加。因此,针对目前铁路桥墩防车撞防护装置的不足,提出了一款泡沫铝基组合耗能装置的结构型式。该研究结合了静力压缩试验、落锤冲击试验以及有限元数值模拟,研究了防撞装置缓冲材料的物理力学性能及车辆撞击防撞装置的冲击动力学响应。结果表明,泡沫铝-聚氨酯-泡沫铝三层组合结构型式中工况3~4吸能效果最佳,其吸能密度(EA)、比吸能(SEA)以及吸能效率(EEA)值分别为3×10^(3) kJ/m^(3)、12.21 kJ/kg、28.57%。在数值模拟中,无防撞装置工况下,车辆撞击力最大值为5 332.99 kN,桥墩吸收的能量为22.05 kJ,最大应力为124.46 MPa,墩身产生明显损伤;在有防撞装置工况下,车辆撞击力最大值为2 674.41 kN,降低了49.85%;桥墩最大应力为6.96 MPa,降低了94.41%。结果表明该防撞装置组合结构对桥墩起到了良好的防护效果。

常见动态混凝土材料模型基本力学特征对比分析

材料本构模型的选择和使用,一直是制约混凝土构件动态损伤模拟技术发展的重要因素之一。基于通用有限元软件LS-DYNA,对其中2种常用的混凝土材料模型(混凝土损伤模型和混凝土连续面盖帽模型)的基本力学行为进行了对比分析。研究结果表明,混凝土损伤模型和连续面盖帽模型在基本应力应变关系、网格敏感性和应变率效应等方面均存在明显的差异。因此,采用这些材料模型进行有限元分析时,必须经过严格的试验验证,特别是在模型校正和后续参数分析时,应采用相同或相近的网格尺寸,以消除网格敏感性的影响。

格构增强复合材料圆筒的侧向压缩性能

本文以筒形复合材料桥梁防撞装置为研究对象,采用平行板外载静压试验方法对格构增强复合材料圆筒进行了侧压试验,分析了圆筒中横向格构的数量、间距对试件刚度、极限荷载、耗能能力、平均压溃力的影响,结合破坏形态分析,对试验结果进行了拟合,给出了合理的耗能构造设计建议。研究表明,圆筒中横向格构间距越小,试件极限荷载和平均压溃力越大,耗能能力越强。

泡沫钼材料的吸能特性研究

采用静态力学法 ,分析了中等密度、低孔隙率的泡沫钼静压全程加载 -卸载特性曲线。研究了在不同初始密度下该材料的静压吸能特性。计算表明 ,泡沫钼在静压过程中具有较高的吸能量 ,吸能效率较高。但预压后的泡沫钼吸能量和吸能效率均有所下降。

中国内陆高原雷暴云底部正电荷区的形成机制

为了进一步了解中国内陆高原雷暴的特殊性,基于以往高原雷暴存在范围深厚的底部正电荷区的观测及模拟事实,利用三维完全可压缩非静力(WRF)模式对2017年6月20日一次内陆高原雷暴过程进行模拟,分析高原雷暴成熟阶段的底部正电荷结构特征;并从微物理和动力角度对其形成机制进行讨论。模拟结果表明,内陆高原地区雷暴云成熟阶段主要呈倾斜的三级性电荷结构;其中底部正电荷区的范围和电荷密度均较大。底部正电荷区主要是由霰和冰雹等固态大粒子与冰晶、雪晶等固态小粒子非感应碰撞起电携带的正电荷以及霰粒子与云滴之间的感应碰撞起电携带正电荷组成;此外霰粒子与雹粒子降落过程中融化成携带正电荷的雨滴也对深厚的底部正电荷区存在一定的作用。

Symmetry Analysis of Nonlinear Incompressible Non-Hydrostatic Boussinesq Equations

The symmetries of the （2＋1）-dimensional nonlinear incompressible non-hydrostatic Boussinesq （INHB） equations, which describe the atmospheric gravity waves （GWs）, are researched in this paper. The Lie symmetries and the corresponding reductions are obtained by means of classical Lie group approach. Calculation shows the INHB equations are invariant under some Galilean transformations, scaling transformations, and space-time translations. The symmetry reduction equations and similar solutions of the INHB equations are proposed.

Energy dissipation rate: An indicator of coal deformation and failure under static and dynamic compressive loads

Dynamic disasters in Chinese coal mines pose a significant threat to coal productivity. Thus, a thorough understanding of the deformation and failure processes of coal is necessary. In this study, the energy dissipation rate is proposed as a novel indicator of coal deformation and failure under static and dynamic compressive loads. The relationship between stress-strain, uniaxial compressive strength, displacement rate, loading rate, fractal dimension, and energy dissipation rate was investigated through experiments conducted using the MTS C60 tests(static loads) and split Hopkinson pressure bar system(dynamic loads). The results show that the energy dissipation rate peaks are associated with stress drop during coal deformation, and also positively related to the uniaxial compressive strength. A higher displacement rate of quasi-static loads leads to an initial increase and then a decrease in energy dissipation rate, whereas a higher loading rate of dynamic loads results in larger energy dissipation rate. Theoretical analysis indicates that a sudden increase in energy dissipation rate suggests partial fracture occurring within coal under both quasi-static and dynamic loads. Hence, the energy dissipation rate is an essential indicator of partial fracture and final failure within coal, as well as a prospective precursor for catastrophic failure in coal mine.

Earth pressure coefficient at rest during secondary compression

In order to obtain the earth pressure coefficient at rest (K0) at higher consolidation pressures during secondary compression, a series of K0 tests for saturated reconstituted clay were conducted. The results indicate that the measured K0 in secondary compression can be described by equations related to internal friction angle, secondary compression coefficient, compression index, recompression index, and sediment time. Effects of consolidation pressures and sediment time on K0 during secondary compression can be attributed to cementation (part of cohesion) increase and internal friction angle decrease. Cementation increase leads to nonlinear variation for K0 and internal friction angle decrease results in increase of K0. K0 computed by equations associated with internal friction angle is overestimated at apparent lower consolidation pressures with different sediment time, which agrees with the measured values well at apparent higher consolidation pressures.

Effect of loading rates on the characteristics of thermal damage for mudstone under different temperatures

The uniaxial compression tests for mudstone specimens are carried out with four different loading rates from room temperature to 400℃ by using the Rock Mechanics Servo-controlled Testing System MTS810 and high temperature furnace MTS652.02.The mechanical properties of mudstone with various loading rates are studied under different temperature conditions.The results show that when temperature increases from room temperature to 400℃ and loading rate is less than 0.03 mm/s,the peak strength of mudstone specimen decreases as loading rate increases,while the various peak strengths show significant differences when loading rate exceeds 0.03 mm/s.At room temperature,the elastic modulus decreases at the first time and then increases with loading rate rising.When the temperature is between200 and 400℃,the elastic modulus presents a decreasing trend with increasing loading rate.With increasing the loading rate,the number of fragments in mudstone becomes larger and even the powder is observed in mudstone with higher loading rate.Under high loading rate,the failure mode of mudstone specimens under different temperatures is mainly conical damage.

灌区填筑砂砾料大型击实试验分析

文章深入研究了填筑砂砾料的大型击实试验。通过试验,系统探讨了砂砾料的取样方式、颗粒级配、压实性等因素对最大干密度、最小干密度、渗透系数、凝聚力、内摩擦角的影响规律,进一步分析了这些因素如何影响砂砾料的压实特性及力学功能。

Low strain rate compressive behavior of high porosity closed-cell aluminum foams

The impact of a rigid body(protected structure) together with cushion material(cellular metal foam) on hard ground from a fixed height was investigated.An analytical one-degree-of-freedom colliding model(ODF-CM) was established to analyze the protection ability and energy absorption by the foam under low velocity impact conditions.For validation,drop hammer experiments were carried out for high porosity closed-cell aluminum foam specimens subjected to low velocity impact loading.The dynamic deformation behavior of the specimen was observed and the velocity attenuation of the drop hammer was measured.The results demonstrated that the aluminum foam had excellent energy absorption capabilities,with its dynamic compressive behavior similar to that obtained under quasi-static loading conditions.Finite element method(FEM) was subsequently employed to obtain stress distributions in the foam specimen.As the propagating period of stress in the specimen was far less than the duration of attenuation,the evolution of the stress was similar to that under quasi-static loading conditions and no obvious stress wave effect was observed,which agreed with the experimental observation.Finally,the predicted velocity attenuation by the ODF-CM was compared with both the experimental measurements and FEM simulation,and good agreements were achieved when the stress distribution was considered to be uniform and the "quasi-static" compressive properties are employed.