黄芪活性成分具有良好抗菌活性,抑制病原菌生长,还能增强疫苗抗病毒活性,以防治呼吸道感染。黄芪活性成分通过下调Toll样受体(Toll-like receptors,TLR)4/丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(mitogen-activated protein kinase,MAPK)/核因子κB(nuclear...黄芪活性成分具有良好抗菌活性,抑制病原菌生长,还能增强疫苗抗病毒活性,以防治呼吸道感染。黄芪活性成分通过下调Toll样受体(Toll-like receptors,TLR)4/丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(mitogen-activated protein kinase,MAPK)/核因子κB(nuclear factor kappa-B,NF-κB)、TLR4/7/髓样分化初级反应蛋白88(myeloid differentiation primary response protein 88,MyD88)/NF-κB信号通路,抑制NOD样受体蛋白3(NOD-like receptor protein 3,NLRP3)炎症小体活化,刺激M2巨噬细胞极化,抑制转化生长因子β1(transforming growth factor-β1,TGF-β1)/Smad信号通路,增强自噬,减轻炎症反应,以减轻呼吸道感染引起的炎性损伤。黄芪活性成分通过调节氧化应激产物的分泌,调控TLR3、血红素氧合酶1(heme oxygenase-1,HO-1)/核因子E2相关因子-2(nuclear factor E2 related factor-2,Nrf2)信号通路,减轻氧化应激反应,以减轻肺部感染引起的氧化应激损伤。黄芪活性成分调节T淋巴细胞、辅助性T淋巴细胞17(T-helper 17,Th17)/调节性T淋巴细胞(regulatory T lymphocyte,Treg)平衡,增强疫苗免疫反应,调节机体免疫功能,增强对病原菌的抵抗力。黄芪活性成分通过调控凋亡相关蛋白的表达,调控激活沉默信息调节因子1(silent information regulator1,SIRT1)/腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶(adenylate activates protein kinase,AMPK)信号通路,激活磷脂酰肌醇-3激酶(phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase,PI3K)/蛋白激酶B(protein kinase B,Akt)信号通路,减轻细胞凋亡,对肺组织发挥保护作用。展开更多
糖尿病肾病(diabetes kidney disease, DKD)是糖尿病最严重的微血管并发症之一,已成为全球慢性肾脏病和终末期肾病的主要原因,其早期临床表现为肾小球高滤过、进行性蛋白尿和伴有小管间质纤维化的联合性肾小球损伤。目前糖尿病肾病的发...糖尿病肾病(diabetes kidney disease, DKD)是糖尿病最严重的微血管并发症之一,已成为全球慢性肾脏病和终末期肾病的主要原因,其早期临床表现为肾小球高滤过、进行性蛋白尿和伴有小管间质纤维化的联合性肾小球损伤。目前糖尿病肾病的发病机制并未阐明,现有研究数据表明,血液动力学因素、遗传因素、组织缺氧、炎性细胞浸润、糖脂代谢紊乱等均能引起糖尿病肾病。西医对于治疗糖尿病肾病方面仅可缓解其临床症状,而对于控制病情进展方面效果不佳。随着国内外对糖尿病性肾病的研究及国家对祖国传统中医学的发展与支持,发现传统中医药对控制糖尿病肾病病情进展具有独特优势。黄芪味甘、性微温,具有补气升阳、利水消肿、生津养血的功效。其在治疗DKD中使用频次最高,主要成分是多糖、黄酮类和皂苷类化合物等。黄芪具有多种药理作用,包括调节免疫、降血糖、抗氧化、保护肾脏等作用。在我国临床治疗DN中,黄芪作为主要代表被广泛使用,取得了许多良好的临床效果。故本文通过总结分析黄芪的药理学功效,以及相关临床研究,以求寻找新的组方,有效改善CKD患者的临床症状和肾功能。Diabetic kidney disease is one of the most serious microvascular complications of diabetes, and has become a major cause of chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease worldwide. Its early clinical manifestations are glomerular hyperfiltration, progressive proteinuria, and combined glomerular injury accompanied by tubulointerstitial fibrosis. At present, the pathogenesis of diabetic kidney disease has not been clarified. Existing research data indicate that hemodynamic factors, genetic factors, tissue hypoxia, inflammatory cell infiltration, glycolipid metabolism disorders, etc. can all cause diabetic kidney disease. Western medicine can only relieve the clinical symptoms of diabetic kidney disease in terms of treatment, but has poor effect in controlling the progression of the disease. With the research on diabetic nephropathy at home and abroad and the development and support of traditional Chinese medicine in China, it is found that traditional Chinese medicine has unique advantages in controlling the progression of diabetic nephropathy. Astragalus has sweet taste and mild temperature. It has the effect of invigorating qi and raising Yang, reducing swelling and promoting blood circulation. It is the most frequently used in the treatment of DKD, and its main components are polysaccharides, flavonoids and saponins. Astragalus has a variety of pharmacological effects, including immune regulation, blood sugar lowering, antioxidant, kidney protection and so on. In the clinical treatment of DN in China, Astragalus, as the main representative, is widely used and has achieved many good clinical effects. Therefore, this paper summarized and analyzed the pharmacological efficacy of Astragalus and related clinical studies in order to find a new formula to effectively improve the clinical symptoms and renal function of patients with CKD.展开更多
文摘黄芪活性成分具有良好抗菌活性,抑制病原菌生长,还能增强疫苗抗病毒活性,以防治呼吸道感染。黄芪活性成分通过下调Toll样受体(Toll-like receptors,TLR)4/丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(mitogen-activated protein kinase,MAPK)/核因子κB(nuclear factor kappa-B,NF-κB)、TLR4/7/髓样分化初级反应蛋白88(myeloid differentiation primary response protein 88,MyD88)/NF-κB信号通路,抑制NOD样受体蛋白3(NOD-like receptor protein 3,NLRP3)炎症小体活化,刺激M2巨噬细胞极化,抑制转化生长因子β1(transforming growth factor-β1,TGF-β1)/Smad信号通路,增强自噬,减轻炎症反应,以减轻呼吸道感染引起的炎性损伤。黄芪活性成分通过调节氧化应激产物的分泌,调控TLR3、血红素氧合酶1(heme oxygenase-1,HO-1)/核因子E2相关因子-2(nuclear factor E2 related factor-2,Nrf2)信号通路,减轻氧化应激反应,以减轻肺部感染引起的氧化应激损伤。黄芪活性成分调节T淋巴细胞、辅助性T淋巴细胞17(T-helper 17,Th17)/调节性T淋巴细胞(regulatory T lymphocyte,Treg)平衡,增强疫苗免疫反应,调节机体免疫功能,增强对病原菌的抵抗力。黄芪活性成分通过调控凋亡相关蛋白的表达,调控激活沉默信息调节因子1(silent information regulator1,SIRT1)/腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶(adenylate activates protein kinase,AMPK)信号通路,激活磷脂酰肌醇-3激酶(phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase,PI3K)/蛋白激酶B(protein kinase B,Akt)信号通路,减轻细胞凋亡,对肺组织发挥保护作用。
文摘糖尿病肾病(diabetes kidney disease, DKD)是糖尿病最严重的微血管并发症之一,已成为全球慢性肾脏病和终末期肾病的主要原因,其早期临床表现为肾小球高滤过、进行性蛋白尿和伴有小管间质纤维化的联合性肾小球损伤。目前糖尿病肾病的发病机制并未阐明,现有研究数据表明,血液动力学因素、遗传因素、组织缺氧、炎性细胞浸润、糖脂代谢紊乱等均能引起糖尿病肾病。西医对于治疗糖尿病肾病方面仅可缓解其临床症状,而对于控制病情进展方面效果不佳。随着国内外对糖尿病性肾病的研究及国家对祖国传统中医学的发展与支持,发现传统中医药对控制糖尿病肾病病情进展具有独特优势。黄芪味甘、性微温,具有补气升阳、利水消肿、生津养血的功效。其在治疗DKD中使用频次最高,主要成分是多糖、黄酮类和皂苷类化合物等。黄芪具有多种药理作用,包括调节免疫、降血糖、抗氧化、保护肾脏等作用。在我国临床治疗DN中,黄芪作为主要代表被广泛使用,取得了许多良好的临床效果。故本文通过总结分析黄芪的药理学功效,以及相关临床研究,以求寻找新的组方,有效改善CKD患者的临床症状和肾功能。Diabetic kidney disease is one of the most serious microvascular complications of diabetes, and has become a major cause of chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease worldwide. Its early clinical manifestations are glomerular hyperfiltration, progressive proteinuria, and combined glomerular injury accompanied by tubulointerstitial fibrosis. At present, the pathogenesis of diabetic kidney disease has not been clarified. Existing research data indicate that hemodynamic factors, genetic factors, tissue hypoxia, inflammatory cell infiltration, glycolipid metabolism disorders, etc. can all cause diabetic kidney disease. Western medicine can only relieve the clinical symptoms of diabetic kidney disease in terms of treatment, but has poor effect in controlling the progression of the disease. With the research on diabetic nephropathy at home and abroad and the development and support of traditional Chinese medicine in China, it is found that traditional Chinese medicine has unique advantages in controlling the progression of diabetic nephropathy. Astragalus has sweet taste and mild temperature. It has the effect of invigorating qi and raising Yang, reducing swelling and promoting blood circulation. It is the most frequently used in the treatment of DKD, and its main components are polysaccharides, flavonoids and saponins. Astragalus has a variety of pharmacological effects, including immune regulation, blood sugar lowering, antioxidant, kidney protection and so on. In the clinical treatment of DN in China, Astragalus, as the main representative, is widely used and has achieved many good clinical effects. Therefore, this paper summarized and analyzed the pharmacological efficacy of Astragalus and related clinical studies in order to find a new formula to effectively improve the clinical symptoms and renal function of patients with CKD.
