Oxygen and hydrogen isotope characteristics of different water bodies in the Burqin River Basin of the Altay Mountains,China

Characterization of the spatial and temporal variability of stable isotopes in surface water is essential for interpreting hydrological processes.In this study,we collected the water samples of river water,groundwater,and reservoir water in the Burqin River Basin of the Altay Mountains,China in 2021,and characterized the oxygen and hydrogen isotope variations in different water bodies via instrumental analytics and modeling.Results showed significant seasonal variations in stable isotope ratios of oxygen and hydrogen(δ18O andδ2H,respectively)and significant differences inδ18O andδ2H among different water bodies.Higherδ18O andδ2H values were mainly found in river water,while groundwater and reservoir water had lower isotope ratios.River water and groundwater showed differentδ18O-δ2H relationships with the local meteoric water line,implying that river water and groundwater are controlled by evaporative enrichment and multi-source recharge processes.The evaporative enrichment experienced by reservoir water was less significant and largely influenced by topography,recharge sources,local moisture cycling,and anthropogenic factors.Higher deuterium excess(d-excess)value of 14.34‰for river water probably represented the isotopic signature of combined contributions from direct precipitation,snow and glacial meltwater,and groundwater recharge.The average annual d-excess values of groundwater(10.60‰)and reservoir water(11.49‰)were similar to the value of global precipitation(10.00‰).The findings contribute to understanding the hydroclimatic information reflected in the month-by-month variations in stable isotopes in different water bodies and provide a reference for the study of hydrological processes and climate change in the Altay Mountains,China.

Management of Vulnating Esophageal Foreign Bodies in Burkina Faso

Introduction: Esophageal foreign bodies (EFB) are a diagnostic and therapeutic emergency because of the serious complications they can cause. Aim: This paper aimed to study the vulnating esophageal foreign bodies in the ENT and Head and Neck Surgery departments of the Yalgado Ouedraogo and Bogodogo University Hospital. Methodology: This was an analytic cross-sectional study with retrospective data collection over 10 years (2012-2021). Results: We collected 91 cases of vulnating esophageal foreign bodies, i.e. 9.1 cases/year (4.7%). The mean age of the patients was 14 ± 19 years. The sex ratio was 1.6. The circumstances of occurrence were dominated by accidental ingestion of vulnating esophageal foreign bodies (98.9%). The average time to consultation was 7.5 hours. Dysphagia was the dominant symptom (64.8%). Cervico-thoracic radiography found dual contour radiopaque images in 71.4%. Esophagoscopy with rigid tube was performed in 97.8%. The average time for extraction of the vulnating esophageal foreign bodies was 8 hours. Vulnerating esophageal foreign bodies were non-organic in 84.6%. The button cell represented 64.8%. Their location was cervical in 61.5% intraoperatively. The lesion assessment found ulcerative lesions in 42.9% (p Conclusion: Vulnating esophageal foreign bodies are relatively frequent in our ENT practice. Although their diagnosis is often easy, their treatment is still difficult and requires multidisciplinary management. Thus, for us, prevention remains the first effective weapon.

Quantitative prediction of channel sand bodies based on seismic peak attributes in the frequency domain and its application

The boundary identification and quantitative thickness prediction of channel sand bodies are always difficult in seismic exploration.We present a new method for boundary identification and quantitative thickness prediction of channel sand bodies based on seismic peak attributes in the frequency domain.Using seismic forward modeling of a typical thin channel sand body,a new seismic attribute-the ratio of peak frequency to amplitude was constructed.Theoretical study demonstrated that seismic peak frequency is sensitive to the thickness of the channel sand bodies,while the amplitude attribute is sensitive to the strata lithology.The ratio of the two attributes can highlight the boundaries of the channel sand body.Moreover,the thickness of the thin channel sand bodies can be determined using the relationship between seismic peak frequency and thin layer thickness.Practical applications have demonstrated that the seismic peak frequency attribute can depict the horizontal distribution characteristics of channels very well.The ratio of peak frequency to amplitude attribute can improve the identification ability of channel sand body boundaries.Quantitative prediction and boundary identification of channel sand bodies with seismic peak attributes in the frequency domain are feasible.

Quantitative Evaluation of Heavy Metal Pollution and Its Influencing Factors in Water Bodies of Karst Areas

At present, there is relatively little research on the synergistic effects of heavy metals in soil, sediment, and bedrock on heavy metal pollution in water bodies. In this paper, heavy metals in soil, sediment, bedrock, and water of a typical karst watershed in southwest China were investigated. The results indicated that the average values of heavy metals in soil and sediment were relatively higher than those in bedrock except for Ni and As. During the research period, As and Cd were the main heavy metal elements polluting the soil and sediment in the study area, while water bodies were mainly polluted by Ni, As, and Cd. The pollution assessment indicated that there were instances of poor or very poor water quality in the study area during the study period;the soil as a whole was slightly polluted by Cd and As;sediment was subject to moderate Cd pollution and mild As pollution. Analysis of geochemical form for heavy metals showed that heavy metals in soil and sediment were mainly in residual form, and the proportions of exchangeable As and Cd were relatively high. Multiple statistical analysis showed that heavy metals in sediment, soil, and bedrock explained 23.8%, 16.8%, and 16.2% of the changes in heavy metals of water, respectively. The research results can provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of heavy metal pollution in water bodies.

Some Inequalities for the L_p-polar Curvature Images of Star Bodies

Zhu,Lü and Leng extended the concept of L_p-polar curvature image. We continuously study the L_p-polar curvature image and mainly expound the relations between the volumes of star bodies and their L_p-polar curvature images in this article. We first establish the L_p-affine isoperimetric inequality associated with L_p-polar curvature image. Secondly,we give a monotonic property for L_p-polar curvature image. Finally, we obtain an interesting equation related to L_p-projection body of L_p-polar curvature image and L_p-centroid body.

Effect of Resonance on the Motion of Two Cylindrical Rigid Bodies

The effect of resonance on the motion of two cylindrical rigid bodies has been studied in the light of Bhatnagar [1] [2] [3] and under some defined axiomatic restrictions. Here we have calculated variation in Eulerian angles due to resonance in terms of orbital elements and unperturbed Eulerian angles.

Highlighting display of geologic bodies based on directivity filtering

To make a geologic body more outstanding, it is necessary to preserve edges when filtering. For this reason, a filtering method based on anisotropic diffusion is introduced. The key point of this method is that diffusion filtering will be made along the edge while diffusion is forbidden in the direction perpendicular to the edge, so the filtering has directionality. When doing anisotropic diffusion filtering, parameters like diffusion coefficient and threshold have great impacts on the results, so the anisotropic diffusion model parameters are discussed, the diffusion coefficient equation is introduced, and the diffusion threshold selection criterion is derived and analyzed. In addition, this method was used with the diffusion coefficient equation＇s proper diffusion threshold to highlight the tidal channel geobodies in the XX area, sand body in the YY area, and faults in the ZZ area. The good delineation results prove that the diffusion threshold selection criterion introduced in this paper is reasonable.

Composite Sand Bodies Architecture of Deep-Water Turbidite Channels in the Niger Delta Basin

Deep-water turbidite channels have attracted much attention as a focused issue in petroleum exploration and development. Extensive studies have been performed on the architecture of turbidite channels, and most researches have focused on their geometric shapes, sedimentary processes and controlling factors. However, little attention has been paid to the distribution patterns, distribution laws and quantitative studies of composite sand bodies of turbidite channels. Taken one slope area of the Niger Delta Basin as an example, this study conducted a semi-quantitative to quantitative analysis on architecture of composite sand bodies of turbidite channels based on cores, well logging and seismic surveys. It is shown that turbidite channel systems can be classified as confined and unconfined channel systems. For confined channel systems, the vertical evolution process involves four stages. The sinuosity of a channel system is controlled by slope, with a negative power function relationship between them. When slope gradient reaches four degrees, the channel system is nearly straight. Based on the migration direction and migration amount of single channels within channel complexes, channel composite patterns can be divided into four classes（the lateral composite, en-echelon composite, swing composite and vertical composite） and several subclasses. Various channel composite patterns show specific distribution laws spatially. For meandering channel complexes at the middle-late evolution stage of confined channel systems, the lateral migration amongst single channels shows the features of integrity and succession. The sinuosity of single channels in the late period is greater than that in the early period, and cut-offs may occur locally when the sinuosity is larger than five degrees. This study provides a better understanding for the geological theory of deep-water sedimentary, and also improves exploitation benefits of this type of reservoirs.

Accumulation characteristic of protein bodies in different regions of wheat endosperm under drought stress

The structural characteristics of protein body accumulation in different endosperm regions of hard wheat cultivar （XM33） and soft wheat cultivar （NM13） under drought stress were investigated. Drought stress treatment was implemented from plant regreening to the caryopsis mature stage. Microscope images of endosperm cells were obtained using resin semi- thin slice technology to observe the distribution and relative area of protein body （PB）. Compared with NM13, relative PB area of XM33 was significantly higher in sub-aleurone endosperm region. The amount of accumulation, including the size and relative area of PB, in two wheat cultivars was higher in sub-aleurone region than that in central region at 18 days post anthesis （DPA）. Drought stress significantly enhanced the sizes and relative areas of PBs in the dorsal and abdominal endosperms in two wheat cultivars. Particularly for dorsal endosperm, drought stress enhanced the relative PB area at 18 DPA and NM13 （5.0% vs. 6.73%） showed less enhancement than XM33 （5.49% vs. 8.96%）. However, NM13 （9.58% vs. 12.02%） showed greater enhancement than XM33 （10.25% vs. 11.7%） at 28 DPA. The protein content in the dorsal and abdominal endosperms of the two wheat cultivars decreased at 12 DPA and then increased until 38 DPA. Drought stress significantly increased the protein contents in the two main regions. From 12 to 38 DPA, the amount of PB accumulation and the protein content were higher in XM33 than those in NM13. The results revealed that PB distribution varied in different endosperm tissues and that the amount of PB accumulation was remarkably augmented by drought stress.

Surplus Space Method: A New Numerical Model for Prediction of Shallow-seated Magmatic Bodies

Based on the data of field measurement and drilling in the Tongling area, a series of numerical simulations are carried out by using the 'Surplus Space Method' (SSM), which is first put forward in this paper and applied to predict the shallow-seated magmatic bodies. The results of the numerical simulations show the existence and the 3-D shape of a conical magmatic structure at a depth of-1000 m beneath the center of the area: its top offsets southwards and bifurcates to several branches, while its lower part stretches northeastwards and contracts rapidly to a point at about -1000 m depth. This point is reckoned to be a 'sink' of magma system, transferring ore materials and heat energy from the deep magma chamber to the sub-surface apophyses. The preliminary application of the SSM proves that it may be developed as a new detection means for determining the existence of shallow-seated magmatic bodies and analyzing their three-dimensional features.

Mallory-Denk Bodies in chronic hepatitis

Mallory-Denk Bodies(MDB) are important as investigators,suggesting MDB as an indicator of the histologic severity of chronic hepatitis,causes of which include hepatitis C,primary biliary cirrhosis(PBC),and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).Matteoni et al scored MDB in patients with NAFLD as none,rare and many,and reported that MDB plays a prominent role in this classification scheme in an earlier classification system.In this study,we evaluated 258 patients with chronic hepatitis due to metabolic,autoimmune and viral etiologies.Liver biopsy samples were evaluated with hematoxylin and eosin,periodic acid-Schiff-diastase,Gordon and Sweet's reticulin,Masson's trichrome,and iron stains.Both staging and grading were performed.Additionally,MDB were evaluated and discussed for each disease.We examined patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH;50 patients),alcoholic hepatitis(10 patients),PBC(50 patients),Wilson disease(WD;20 patients),hepatitis B(50 patients),hepatitis C(50 pati-ents) and hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC;30 patients).Frequency of MDB was as follows;NASH:10 patients with mild in 60% and moderate in 40% and observed in every stage of the disease and frequently seen in zone 3.PBC:11 patients with mild in 10%,moderate in 70%,and cirrhosis in 20%,and frequently seen in zone 1.WD:16 patients with moderate and severe in 60% and cirrhosis in 40% and frequently seen in zone 1.Hep B:3 patients with mild in 66% and severe in 34%.Hep C:7 patients with mild in 40% and moderate in 60% and observed in every stage.HCC:3 patients with hep B in 2 patients.We found that there is no relationship between MDB and any form of chronic hepatitis regarding histologic severity such as alcoholic steatohepatitis and NAFLD and variable zone distribution by etiology.

Study on the scales of heterogeneous geologic bodies in random media

In order to study the scale characteristics of heterogeneities in complex media, a random medium is constructed using a statistical method and by changing model parameters （autocorrelation lengths a and b）, the scales of heterogeneous geologic bodies in the horizontal and the vertical Cartesian directions may be varied in the medium. The autocorrelation lengths a and b represent the mean scale of heterogeneous geologic bodies in the horizontal and vertical Cartesian directions in the randQm medium, respectively. Based on this model, the relationship between model autocorrelation lengths and heterogeneous geologic body scales is studied by horizontal velocity variation and standard deviation. The horizontal velocity variation research shows that velocities are in random perturbation. The heterogeneous geologic body scale increases with increasing autocorrelation length. The recursion equation for the relationship between autocorrelation lengths and heterogeneous geologic body scales is determined from the velocity standard deviation research and the actual heterogeneous geologic body scale magnitude can be estimated by the equation.

SOME INEQUALITIES ABOUT DUAL MIXED VOLUMES OF STAR BODIES

The authors establish some inequalities about the dual mixed volumes of star bodies in Rn. These inequalities are the analogue in the Brunn-Minkowski theory of the inequalities of Marcus-Lopes and Bergstrom about symmetric functions of positive reals.

Increasing trend in retained rectal foreign bodies

AIM To highlight the rising trend in hospital presentation of foreign bodies retained in the rectum over a 5-year period.METHODS Retrospective review of the cases of retained rectal foreign bodies between 2008 and 2012 was performed.Patients' clinical data and yearly case presentation with data relating to hospital episodes were collected.Data analysis was by SPSS Inc.Chicago,IL,United States.RESULTS Twenty-five patients presented over a 5-year period with a mean age of 39(17-62) years and M: F ratio of 2:1.A progressive rise in cases was noted from 2008 to 2012 with 3,4,4,6,8 recorded patients per year respectively.The majority of the impacted rectal objects were used for self-/partner-eroticism.The commonest retained foreign bodies were sex vibrators and dildos.Ninty-six percent of the patients required extraction while one passed spontaneously.Two and three patients had retrieval in the Emergency Department and on the ward respectively while 19 patients needed examination under anaesthesia for extraction.The mean hospital stay was 19(2-38) h.Associated psychosocial issues included depression,deliberate self-harm,illicit drug abuse,anxiety and alcoholism.There were no psychosocial problems identified in 15 patients.CONCLUSION There is a progressive rise in hospital presentation of impacted rectal foreign bodies with increasing use of different objects for sexual arousal.

Recognition and depiction of special geologic bodies of Member 3 of Dongying Formation in Littoral Slope Zone,Qikou Sag

The purpose of this study is to forecast the profitable oil and gas reservoir,which is the key of finding hydrocarbon,based on the conception of special geologic bodies.With the guiding methodology of the research thinking of integration of point-line-surface by using the methods and techniques of logging,seismic,seismic attribute,and logging constrained inversion in 3D data volume,the special geologic bodies of Member 3 of Dongying Formation in Littoral Slope Zone of Qikou Sag,which has important hydrocarbon exploration potential,are recognized and described under the constraint of sequence stratigraphic framework.As a result,the developed scale,geometric shape and space distribution feature of the special geologic bodies are forecasted;the inner structure and sequence structure patterns of the geologic bodies are also ascertained.From the lowstand system tract (LST) and lacustrine expanding system tract (EST) to the highstand system tract (HST),the geologic bodies have evolved from relative centralization of lake basin reducing period to three relative dispersive isolated parts of broad lake basin period.According to the relevance and regularity of the development of geologic bodies,the conclusions can be obtained that three types of potential profitable reservoir traps,including the lithologic lens traps,lithologic updip pinchout traps and structural-lithologic composite traps,are forecasted.In addition,scientific basis for further hydrocarbon exploration in new area (few-well area and no-well area) is offered in the guidance of sequence stratigraphic model.

Cavitation Passive Control on Immersed Bodies

This paper introduces a new idea of controlling cavitation around a hydrofoil through a passive cavitation controller called artificial cavitation bubble generator （ACG）. Cyclic processes, namely, growth and implosion of bubbles around an immersed body, are the main reasons for the destruction and erosion of the said body. This paper aims to create a condition in which the cavitation bubbles reach a steady-state situation and prevent the occurrence of the cyclic processes. For this purpose, the ACG is placed on the surface of an immersed body, in particular, the suction surface of a 2D hydrofoil. A simulation was performed with an implicit finite volume scheme based on a SIMPLE algorithm associated with the multiphase and cavitation model. The modified k-ε RNG turbulence model equipped with a modification of the turbulent viscosity was applied to overcome the turbulence closure problem. Numerical simulation of water flow over the hydrofoil equipped with the ACG shows that a low-pressure recirculation area is produced behind the ACG and artificially generates stationary cavitation bubbles. The location, shape, and size of this ACG are the crucial parameters in creating a proper control. Results show that the cavitation bubble is controlled well with a well-designed ACG.

Airway foreign bodies: A critical review for a common pediatric emergency

BACKGROUND:Airway foreign bodies(AFBs)is an interdisciplinary area between emergency medicine,pediatrics and otolaryngology.It is a life-threatening condition that is not infrequently seen;however,it is poorly covered in medical literature.Accidental aspiration of an element into airways is a widespread clinical scenario among children under 3 years,predominantly males.Moreover,it is the leading cause of infantile deaths and the fourth one among preschool children.DATA RESOURCES:A systemic search was conducted in July 2015 using Pub Med/Pub Med Central Database of The National Center for Biotechnology Information(NCBI)(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/).A total of 1 767 articles were identified and most of them were meta-analyses,systematic reviews,and case series.Those thoroughly discussing assessment and management of AFBs were retrieved.RESULTS:AFBs episodes may be either witnessed or missed.Presence of a witness for the inhalation is diagnostic.The later usually present with persistent active cough.A classical triad of paroxysmal cough,wheezing,and dyspnoea/decreased air entry was reported,though many presentations have inconsistent findings.Hence,diagnosis requires high index of clinical suspicion.Flexible fibro-optic bronchoscopy is the gold standard of diagnosis,whereas inhaled objects are best retrieved by rigid bronchoscopes.CONCLUSIONS:Close supervision of pediatrics is the hallmark of prevention.Caregivers should ensure a safe surrounding milieu,including the toys their offspring play with.Immediate complications result from direct obstruction or injury by the inhaled object.Alternatively,prolonged lodging traps air and induces inflammatory response causing atelectesis and pneumonia,respectively.

Effects of ketogenic diet and ketone bodies on the cardiovascular system:Concentration matters

Ketone bodies have emerged as central mediators of metabolic health,and multiple beneficial effects of a ketogenic diet,impacting metabolism,neuronal pathologies and,to a certain extent,tumorigenesis,have been reported both in animal models and clinical research.Ketone bodies,endogenously produced by the liver,act pleiotropically as metabolic intermediates,signaling molecules,and epigenetic modifiers.The endothelium and the vascular system are central regulators of the organism’s metabolic state and become dysfunctional in cardiovascular disease,atherosclerosis,and diabetic micro-and macrovascular complications.As physiological circulating ketone bodies can attain millimolar concentrations,the endothelium is the first-line cell lineage exposed to them.While in diabetic ketoacidosis high ketone body concentrations are detrimental to the vasculature,recent research revealed that ketone bodies in the low millimolar range may exert beneficial effects on endothelial cell(EC)functioning by modulating the EC inflammatory status,senescence,and metabolism.Here,we review the long-held evidence of detrimental cardiovascular effects of ketoacidosis as well as the more recent evidence for a positive impact of ketone bodies—at lower concentrations—on the ECs metabolism and vascular physiology and the subjacent cellular and molecular mechanisms.We also explore arising controversies in the field and discuss the importance of ketone body concentrations in relation to their effects.At low concentration,endogenously produced ketone bodies upon uptake of a ketogenic diet or supplemented ketone bodies(or their precursors)may prove beneficial to ameliorate endothelial function and,consequently,pathologies in which endothelial damage occurs.

Western view of the management of gastroesophageal foreign bodies

The best modality for foreign body removal has beenthe subject of much controversy over the years.We have read with great interest the recent article by Souza Aguiar Municipal Hospital,Rio de Janeiro,Brazil,describing their experience with the management of esophageal foreign bodies in children.Non-endoscopic methods of removing foreign bodies(such as a Foley catheter guided or not by fluoroscopy)have been successfully used at this center.These methods could be an attractive option because of the following advantages:Shorter hospitalization time;easy to perform;no need for anesthesia;avoids esophagoscopy;and lower costs.However,the complications of these procedures can be severe and potentially fatal if not performed correctly,such as bronchoaspiration,perforation,and acute airway obstruction.In addition,it has some disadvantages,such as the inability to directly view the esophagus and the inability to always retrieve foreign bodies.Therefore,in Western countries clinical practice usually recommends endoscopic removal of foreign bodies under direct vision and with airway protection whenever possible.

Automated Extraction for Water Bodies Using New Water Index from Landsat 8 OLI Images

The extraction of water bodies is essential for monitoring water resources,ecosystem services and the hydrological cycle,so analyzing water bodies from remote sensing images is necessary.The water index is designed to highlight water bodies in remote sensing images.We employ a new water index and digital image processing technology to extract water bodies automatically and accurately from Landsat 8 OLI images.Firstly,we preprocess Landsat 8 OLI images with radiometric calibration and atmospheric correction.Subsequently,we apply KT transformation,LBV transformation,AWEI nsh,and HIS transformation to the preprocessed image to calculate a new water index.Then,we perform linear feature enhancement and improve the local adaptive threshold segmentation method to extract small water bodies accurately.Meanwhile,we employ morphological enhancement and improve the local adaptive threshold segmentation method to extract large water bodies.Finally,we combine small and large water bodies to get complete water bodies.Compared with other traditional methods,our method has apparent advantages in water extraction,particularly in the extraction of small water bodies.