The Canavese Zone(CZ)in the Western Alps represents the remnant of the distal passive margin of the Adria microplate,which was stretched and thinned during the Jurassic opening of the Alpine Tethys.Through detailed ge...The Canavese Zone(CZ)in the Western Alps represents the remnant of the distal passive margin of the Adria microplate,which was stretched and thinned during the Jurassic opening of the Alpine Tethys.Through detailed geological mapping,stratigraphic and structural analyses,we document that the continental break-up of Pangea and tectonic dismemberment of the Adria distal margin,up to mantle rocks exhumation and oceanization,did not simply result from the syn-rift Jurassic extension but was strongly favored by older structu ral inheritances(the Proto-Canavese Shear Zone),which controlled earlier lithospheric weakness.Our findings allowed to redefine in detail(i)the tectono-stratigraphic setting of the Variscan metamorphic basement and the Late Carbonife rous to Early Cretaceous CZ succession,(ii)the role played by inherited Late Carboniferous to Early Triassic structures and(iii)the significance of the CZ in the geodynamic evolution of the Alpine Tethys.The large amount of extensional displacement and crustal thinning occurred during different pulses of Late Carbonife rous-Early Triassic strike-slip tectonics is wellconsistent with the role played by long-lived regional-scale wrench faults(e.g.,the East-Variscan Shear Zone),suggesting a re-discussion of models of mantle exhumation driven by low-angle detachment faults as unique efficient mechanism in stretching and thinning continental crust.展开更多
Columbia(Nuna)is a Paleo-Mesoproterozoic supercontinent that was assembled during global 2.0–1.8Ga collisional events,underwent long-lived,subductionrelated accretion at key continental margins in the period
Solder balls, which are used in advanced electronics packages such as BGA (Ball Grid Array) and CSP (Chip Scale Package) to substitute the leads and realize the electrical and mechanical connections between substrate ...Solder balls, which are used in advanced electronics packages such as BGA (Ball Grid Array) and CSP (Chip Scale Package) to substitute the leads and realize the electrical and mechanical connections between substrate and chip,have severe specifications in diameter tolerance, roundness and surface quality, and therefore challenge the traditional technologies for fabrication of metallic particles and powders. The present work made a survey of perturbed molten metal jet break-up process, observed the formation and growth of capillary wave of tin-lead melt jet by way of rapid solidification, and on the basis of the above research, successfully obtained tin-lead eutectic and Sn-4.0Ag-0.5Cu lead free solder balls with tight distribution and good sphericity of particles through optimization of processing parameters, forming a solid base for cost effectively producing solder balls.展开更多
A computational study was carried out on bubble dynamic behaviors and bubble size distributions in a pressurized lab-scale gas-solid fluidized bed of Geldart A particles.High-resolution 3-D numerical simulations were ...A computational study was carried out on bubble dynamic behaviors and bubble size distributions in a pressurized lab-scale gas-solid fluidized bed of Geldart A particles.High-resolution 3-D numerical simulations were performed using the two-fluid model based on the kinetic theory of granular flow.A finegrid,which is in the range of 3–4 particle diameters,was utilized in order to capture bubble structures explicitly without breaking down the continuum assumption for the solid phase.A novel bubble tracking scheme was developed in combination with a 3-D detection and tracking algorithm(MS3 DATA)and applied to detect the bubble statistics,such as bubble size,location in each time frame and relative position between two adjacent time frames,from numerical simulations.The spatial coordinates and corresponding void fraction data were sampled at 100 Hz for data analyzing.The bubble coalescence/break-up frequencies and the daughter bubble size distribution were evaluated by using the new bubble tracking algorithm.The results showed that the bubble size distributed non-uniformly over cross-sections in the bed.The equilibrium bubble diameter due to bubble break-up and coalescence dynamics can be obtained,and the bubble rise velocity follows Davidson’s correlation closely.Good agreements were obtained between the computed results and that predicted by using the bubble break-up model proposed in our previous work.The computational bubble tracking method showed the potential of analyzing bubble motions and the coalescence and break-up characteristics based on time series data sets of void fraction maps obtained numerically and experimentally.展开更多
The late Archean Dharwar Craton is an important part of the Archean and Proterozoic terrains in Peninsular India.Dharwar Craton consists of Western and Eastern Blocks,separated by the Chitradurga Shear Zone.Eastern
Complete and incomplete fusion cross sections have been measured for the 20Ne + 51V system to investigate the influence of projectile break-up at or above the barrier energies. The excitation function of the individua...Complete and incomplete fusion cross sections have been measured for the 20Ne + 51V system to investigate the influence of projectile break-up at or above the barrier energies. The excitation function of the individual reaction channel measured using off-line γ-ray spectroscopy has been compared with those estimated theoretically using the statistical model code PACE4. A significant fraction of incomplete fusion has been found in the production of residues involving α-particle in the exit channel. In order to understand the energy dependence of incomplete fusion reactions, incomplete fusion fraction has been deduced, which has also been compared with the earlier data available for 12C and 16O projectiles to look for the projectile structure dependence.展开更多
In South Qinling, the volcanic series of the middle-late Proterozoic Yunxi Group, Yaolinghe Group, Xi.xiang Group and Bikou Group have characteristics of the continental rift volcanic rocks or continental flood basalt...In South Qinling, the volcanic series of the middle-late Proterozoic Yunxi Group, Yaolinghe Group, Xi.xiang Group and Bikou Group have characteristics of the continental rift volcanic rocks or continental flood basalts and are formed in continental intraplate tensional setting. The enrichment of incompatible elements, high εNd values and low-medium 87Sr/86Sr initial ratios of these volcanic rocks indicate that they were derived from asthenospheric plume. Under the action of the intense pull-apart in lithosphere, the mantle plume upwelled, quickly decompressed and melted, and finally produced magma. This tensional process made the continental crust break and eventually led to an oceanic basin in late Proterozoic. The middle-late Proterozoic volcanism is a precursor of Precarabrian continental break-up in the South Qinling.展开更多
The non-toxic gallium-based liquid metals(LMs) are promising for various newly emerging areas due to having excellent fluidity, high electrical and heat conductivity. However, the oxide layers often affect their appli...The non-toxic gallium-based liquid metals(LMs) are promising for various newly emerging areas due to having excellent fluidity, high electrical and heat conductivity. However, the oxide layers often affect their applications. In this paper, we disclosed a straightforward boiling strategy to efficiently remove the oxide of LM in deionized water. Meanwhile such method was also demonstrated to be capable of quickly breaking up LM into droplets(mean 0.51 mm, SD 0.20 mm) in Na Cl solution,which has important value for manufacture purpose. According to the force analysis, surface tension of LM dominates the interaction between solution bubbles and LM under the same heating conditions. Then we characterized the surface morphology and compositions of LM droplets boiled(LMDB) using scanning electron microscope(SEM), X-ray diffraction(XRD) and Xray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) and tested the dynamic force between a rod and LMDB. It was shown that after being boiled in water, most of Ga2O3 was transformed to scattered α-Ga OOH nanorods which has less restriction to the deformation of LM and large resistance force(0.8 mN) was tested;otherwise, after boiled in Na Cl solution, more Ga2 O3 with contact patch structure reduces the surface resistance of LM(0.2 m N) and makes it to be broken up by bubbles. The different surface products are determined by the inhibition of hydrolysis of Ga3+by Na Cl solution. This study paved a simple way for oxide removal in neutral solution and mass production of LMD. It also suggests an efficient approach for exploring mechanisms of interactions between LM and bubbles, which is difficult to study otherwise in sonication.展开更多
In this paper the liquid argon nanojet break-up phenomenon was studied using the molecular dynamics method. The effects of temperature, nozzle diameter and body force on the nanojet break-up length and time were simu-...In this paper the liquid argon nanojet break-up phenomenon was studied using the molecular dynamics method. The effects of temperature, nozzle diameter and body force on the nanojet break-up length and time were simu- lated. Meanwhile, the particle size, wave length and the frequency of the disturbance were compared with the re- suits of linear stability analysis. The results showed that even though the fluid becomes discontinuous, the tradi- tional linear stability analysis can be used to make a rough calculation of the nanojet break-up.展开更多
Based on the“unidirectional break-up and convergence”geodynamic model,this study investigates the impact of the evolution of the Tethyan domain on the formation of petroleum systems in the Sichuan super basin and ex...Based on the“unidirectional break-up and convergence”geodynamic model,this study investigates the impact of the evolution of the Tethyan domain on the formation of petroleum systems in the Sichuan super basin and explores the enrichment pattern of natural gas.The results show that,firstly,the Sichuan Basin and its surrounding areas have experienced two unidirectional rifting-aggregation cycles triggered by the Proto-Tethys Ocean and the Paleo-Tethys Ocean during the Neoproterozoic to Triassic.During Jurassic–Cenozoic,the Sichuan Basin is incorporated in the circum-Tibetan plateau basin-mountain coupled tectonic domain system.The episodic tectonic movements within the plate control the sedimentary infill styles.Second,the evolution of the Tethyan domain,paleoclimatic environment and major geological events controlled the formation and distribution of high-quality source rocks within the basin.The rift valley and intracratonic rift,passive continental margin slope,and intracratonic sags are favorable areas for the development of source rocks.Third,the evolution of the Tethyan domain,supercontinent cycles,global sea level changes,and tectono-climatic events controlled the distribution of carbonate platform and reservoir-caprock combinations.The cratonic platform margins and sub-platform internal high terrains are key areas for finding carbonate high-energy facies belts.Syndepositional paleo-uplifts and surrounding slopes,regional unconformities,and later faults zone are areas where large-scale carbonate reservoirs are distributed.The regional evaporite or shale caprock are beneficial for the large-scale preservation of oil and gas in the basin.Fourth,the spatio-temporal matching relationship of reservoir forming factors influenced by the early tectonic-sedimentary evolution pattern and the degree of later tectonic modification is the key to oil and gas enrichment.Future oil and gas exploration should focus on potential gas systems during the Sinian rift period,Cambrian pre-salt gas systems in the eastern and southern Sichuan,as well as whole oil and gas systems of Permian and Triassic.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the short-term effects of commercially available eyelid-cleaning wipes on film parameters.METHODS:This study enrolled 48 healthy participants aged 20-35y(both males and females).Clinical assessment ...AIM:To investigate the short-term effects of commercially available eyelid-cleaning wipes on film parameters.METHODS:This study enrolled 48 healthy participants aged 20-35y(both males and females).Clinical assessment included the Ocular Surface Disease Index(OSDI)questionnaire,non-invasive tear break-up time(NITBUT),tear meniscus height(TMH),and lipid layer pattern(LLP).Based on these initial results,participants were categorized as either non-dry eye or dry eye.Participants in each group were randomly allocated to either Blephaclean■or Systane■treatments.Changes in NITBUT,TMH,and LLP levels before and after lid wipe treatment were assessed.RESULTS:The dry eye group exhibited significantly higher OSDI scores and lower NITBUT and TMH levels than in the non-dry eye group(P<0.001).Following the application of eyelid wipes(Systane■wipes),dry eye subjects experienced a significant improvement in NITBUT levels(P=0.0014)compared to the non-dry eye individuals.Although the remaining participants showed a marginal increase in TMH and NITBUT levels,these changes did not achieve statistical significance(P>0.05).Similarly,the LLP levels were significantly improved with Systane■(P<0.001)post-treatment compared to individuals in the non-dry eye group.However,the dry eye subjects showed higher posttreatment LLP levels than the untreated group(P<0.02).CONCLUSION:The short-term effects of Systane®eyelid wipes on tear film parameters suggest their effectiveness in dry eye disease.Nonetheless,further exploration of their long-term impact is essential to justify their cost effectiveness and efficacy in treating both aqueous deficiency and evaporative dryness.展开更多
基金supported by research grants from Universita di Torino (Ricerca Locale "ex 60%" 2014—2018)the Italian Ministry of University and Research ("Finanziamento annuale individuale delle attivita base di ricerca" 2017) to A.Festa and G.Balestro, and from "Comune di Tavagnasco" to S.De Caroli and A.Succo
文摘The Canavese Zone(CZ)in the Western Alps represents the remnant of the distal passive margin of the Adria microplate,which was stretched and thinned during the Jurassic opening of the Alpine Tethys.Through detailed geological mapping,stratigraphic and structural analyses,we document that the continental break-up of Pangea and tectonic dismemberment of the Adria distal margin,up to mantle rocks exhumation and oceanization,did not simply result from the syn-rift Jurassic extension but was strongly favored by older structu ral inheritances(the Proto-Canavese Shear Zone),which controlled earlier lithospheric weakness.Our findings allowed to redefine in detail(i)the tectono-stratigraphic setting of the Variscan metamorphic basement and the Late Carbonife rous to Early Cretaceous CZ succession,(ii)the role played by inherited Late Carboniferous to Early Triassic structures and(iii)the significance of the CZ in the geodynamic evolution of the Alpine Tethys.The large amount of extensional displacement and crustal thinning occurred during different pulses of Late Carbonife rous-Early Triassic strike-slip tectonics is wellconsistent with the role played by long-lived regional-scale wrench faults(e.g.,the East-Variscan Shear Zone),suggesting a re-discussion of models of mantle exhumation driven by low-angle detachment faults as unique efficient mechanism in stretching and thinning continental crust.
文摘Columbia(Nuna)is a Paleo-Mesoproterozoic supercontinent that was assembled during global 2.0–1.8Ga collisional events,underwent long-lived,subductionrelated accretion at key continental margins in the period
文摘Solder balls, which are used in advanced electronics packages such as BGA (Ball Grid Array) and CSP (Chip Scale Package) to substitute the leads and realize the electrical and mechanical connections between substrate and chip,have severe specifications in diameter tolerance, roundness and surface quality, and therefore challenge the traditional technologies for fabrication of metallic particles and powders. The present work made a survey of perturbed molten metal jet break-up process, observed the formation and growth of capillary wave of tin-lead melt jet by way of rapid solidification, and on the basis of the above research, successfully obtained tin-lead eutectic and Sn-4.0Ag-0.5Cu lead free solder balls with tight distribution and good sphericity of particles through optimization of processing parameters, forming a solid base for cost effectively producing solder balls.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21908062)。
文摘A computational study was carried out on bubble dynamic behaviors and bubble size distributions in a pressurized lab-scale gas-solid fluidized bed of Geldart A particles.High-resolution 3-D numerical simulations were performed using the two-fluid model based on the kinetic theory of granular flow.A finegrid,which is in the range of 3–4 particle diameters,was utilized in order to capture bubble structures explicitly without breaking down the continuum assumption for the solid phase.A novel bubble tracking scheme was developed in combination with a 3-D detection and tracking algorithm(MS3 DATA)and applied to detect the bubble statistics,such as bubble size,location in each time frame and relative position between two adjacent time frames,from numerical simulations.The spatial coordinates and corresponding void fraction data were sampled at 100 Hz for data analyzing.The bubble coalescence/break-up frequencies and the daughter bubble size distribution were evaluated by using the new bubble tracking algorithm.The results showed that the bubble size distributed non-uniformly over cross-sections in the bed.The equilibrium bubble diameter due to bubble break-up and coalescence dynamics can be obtained,and the bubble rise velocity follows Davidson’s correlation closely.Good agreements were obtained between the computed results and that predicted by using the bubble break-up model proposed in our previous work.The computational bubble tracking method showed the potential of analyzing bubble motions and the coalescence and break-up characteristics based on time series data sets of void fraction maps obtained numerically and experimentally.
文摘The late Archean Dharwar Craton is an important part of the Archean and Proterozoic terrains in Peninsular India.Dharwar Craton consists of Western and Eastern Blocks,separated by the Chitradurga Shear Zone.Eastern
文摘Complete and incomplete fusion cross sections have been measured for the 20Ne + 51V system to investigate the influence of projectile break-up at or above the barrier energies. The excitation function of the individual reaction channel measured using off-line γ-ray spectroscopy has been compared with those estimated theoretically using the statistical model code PACE4. A significant fraction of incomplete fusion has been found in the production of residues involving α-particle in the exit channel. In order to understand the energy dependence of incomplete fusion reactions, incomplete fusion fraction has been deduced, which has also been compared with the earlier data available for 12C and 16O projectiles to look for the projectile structure dependence.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.
文摘In South Qinling, the volcanic series of the middle-late Proterozoic Yunxi Group, Yaolinghe Group, Xi.xiang Group and Bikou Group have characteristics of the continental rift volcanic rocks or continental flood basalts and are formed in continental intraplate tensional setting. The enrichment of incompatible elements, high εNd values and low-medium 87Sr/86Sr initial ratios of these volcanic rocks indicate that they were derived from asthenospheric plume. Under the action of the intense pull-apart in lithosphere, the mantle plume upwelled, quickly decompressed and melted, and finally produced magma. This tensional process made the continental crust break and eventually led to an oceanic basin in late Proterozoic. The middle-late Proterozoic volcanism is a precursor of Precarabrian continental break-up in the South Qinling.
基金supported by the Dean’s Research Funding,Frontier Funding from Chinese Academy of Sciencesthe National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.91748206)。
文摘The non-toxic gallium-based liquid metals(LMs) are promising for various newly emerging areas due to having excellent fluidity, high electrical and heat conductivity. However, the oxide layers often affect their applications. In this paper, we disclosed a straightforward boiling strategy to efficiently remove the oxide of LM in deionized water. Meanwhile such method was also demonstrated to be capable of quickly breaking up LM into droplets(mean 0.51 mm, SD 0.20 mm) in Na Cl solution,which has important value for manufacture purpose. According to the force analysis, surface tension of LM dominates the interaction between solution bubbles and LM under the same heating conditions. Then we characterized the surface morphology and compositions of LM droplets boiled(LMDB) using scanning electron microscope(SEM), X-ray diffraction(XRD) and Xray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) and tested the dynamic force between a rod and LMDB. It was shown that after being boiled in water, most of Ga2O3 was transformed to scattered α-Ga OOH nanorods which has less restriction to the deformation of LM and large resistance force(0.8 mN) was tested;otherwise, after boiled in Na Cl solution, more Ga2 O3 with contact patch structure reduces the surface resistance of LM(0.2 m N) and makes it to be broken up by bubbles. The different surface products are determined by the inhibition of hydrolysis of Ga3+by Na Cl solution. This study paved a simple way for oxide removal in neutral solution and mass production of LMD. It also suggests an efficient approach for exploring mechanisms of interactions between LM and bubbles, which is difficult to study otherwise in sonication.
文摘In this paper the liquid argon nanojet break-up phenomenon was studied using the molecular dynamics method. The effects of temperature, nozzle diameter and body force on the nanojet break-up length and time were simu- lated. Meanwhile, the particle size, wave length and the frequency of the disturbance were compared with the re- suits of linear stability analysis. The results showed that even though the fluid becomes discontinuous, the tradi- tional linear stability analysis can be used to make a rough calculation of the nanojet break-up.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science of China(U22B6002)National Natural Science Foundation of China(U2344209)Major Science and Technology Project of PetroChina(2023ZZ02)。
文摘Based on the“unidirectional break-up and convergence”geodynamic model,this study investigates the impact of the evolution of the Tethyan domain on the formation of petroleum systems in the Sichuan super basin and explores the enrichment pattern of natural gas.The results show that,firstly,the Sichuan Basin and its surrounding areas have experienced two unidirectional rifting-aggregation cycles triggered by the Proto-Tethys Ocean and the Paleo-Tethys Ocean during the Neoproterozoic to Triassic.During Jurassic–Cenozoic,the Sichuan Basin is incorporated in the circum-Tibetan plateau basin-mountain coupled tectonic domain system.The episodic tectonic movements within the plate control the sedimentary infill styles.Second,the evolution of the Tethyan domain,paleoclimatic environment and major geological events controlled the formation and distribution of high-quality source rocks within the basin.The rift valley and intracratonic rift,passive continental margin slope,and intracratonic sags are favorable areas for the development of source rocks.Third,the evolution of the Tethyan domain,supercontinent cycles,global sea level changes,and tectono-climatic events controlled the distribution of carbonate platform and reservoir-caprock combinations.The cratonic platform margins and sub-platform internal high terrains are key areas for finding carbonate high-energy facies belts.Syndepositional paleo-uplifts and surrounding slopes,regional unconformities,and later faults zone are areas where large-scale carbonate reservoirs are distributed.The regional evaporite or shale caprock are beneficial for the large-scale preservation of oil and gas in the basin.Fourth,the spatio-temporal matching relationship of reservoir forming factors influenced by the early tectonic-sedimentary evolution pattern and the degree of later tectonic modification is the key to oil and gas enrichment.Future oil and gas exploration should focus on potential gas systems during the Sinian rift period,Cambrian pre-salt gas systems in the eastern and southern Sichuan,as well as whole oil and gas systems of Permian and Triassic.
文摘AIM:To investigate the short-term effects of commercially available eyelid-cleaning wipes on film parameters.METHODS:This study enrolled 48 healthy participants aged 20-35y(both males and females).Clinical assessment included the Ocular Surface Disease Index(OSDI)questionnaire,non-invasive tear break-up time(NITBUT),tear meniscus height(TMH),and lipid layer pattern(LLP).Based on these initial results,participants were categorized as either non-dry eye or dry eye.Participants in each group were randomly allocated to either Blephaclean■or Systane■treatments.Changes in NITBUT,TMH,and LLP levels before and after lid wipe treatment were assessed.RESULTS:The dry eye group exhibited significantly higher OSDI scores and lower NITBUT and TMH levels than in the non-dry eye group(P<0.001).Following the application of eyelid wipes(Systane■wipes),dry eye subjects experienced a significant improvement in NITBUT levels(P=0.0014)compared to the non-dry eye individuals.Although the remaining participants showed a marginal increase in TMH and NITBUT levels,these changes did not achieve statistical significance(P>0.05).Similarly,the LLP levels were significantly improved with Systane■(P<0.001)post-treatment compared to individuals in the non-dry eye group.However,the dry eye subjects showed higher posttreatment LLP levels than the untreated group(P<0.02).CONCLUSION:The short-term effects of Systane®eyelid wipes on tear film parameters suggest their effectiveness in dry eye disease.Nonetheless,further exploration of their long-term impact is essential to justify their cost effectiveness and efficacy in treating both aqueous deficiency and evaporative dryness.
