The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTS) assay is used as a major method to evaluate cell viability. However, in some cases, the results may reflect mitochondr...The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTS) assay is used as a major method to evaluate cell viability. However, in some cases, the results may reflect mitochondrial status regardless of viability. Epalrestat (EPS) is currently available for the treatment of diabetic neuropathy. In this study, we report that EPS at near-plasma concentrations increases MTS reduction activity independent of cell number in bovine aortic endothelial cells. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a key transcription factor that plays a pivotal role in inducing the expression of genes encoding detoxifying and defensive proteins. Sulforaphane (an Nrf2 activator) also increased MTS-reducing activity, similar to EPS. Knockdown of Nrf2 by short interfering RNA suppressed EPS-induced MTS reduction. These results suggest that EPS increases MTS reduction activity via the Nrf2 pathway. Furthermore, the results that EPS increases ATP production and that electron transfer chain inhibitors suppress EPS-induced MTS reduction activity suggest that EPS may activate mitochondrial status. Because mitochondrial disorders cause numerous diseases, we suggest that EPS has new beneficial properties that may prevent the development and progression of disorders caused by mitochondrial dysfunction.展开更多
公正的生态系统有偿服务(equitable payment for ecological service,EPES)是指生态系统服务的消费者(买家)和提供者(卖家),围绕双方认可的生态系统服务(产品)基于市场形成对应的买卖关系,双方均因此获得持续的更多更好的经济、生态和...公正的生态系统有偿服务(equitable payment for ecological service,EPES)是指生态系统服务的消费者(买家)和提供者(卖家),围绕双方认可的生态系统服务(产品)基于市场形成对应的买卖关系,双方均因此获得持续的更多更好的经济、生态和社会利益的生态补偿方法。EPES在四川峨边黑竹沟国家级自然保护区的实践表明,自然保护区管理部门可以在保护区恰当的生态系统空间范围内,应用EPES方法整合企业、地方政府、社区和自然保护区管理部门的资源,协助生态系统服务的买家(企业)和卖家(社区)建立起基于市场驱动而非政府财政转移支付的生态补偿激励机制,提高社区、企业和地方政府参与自然保护区管理的积极性和有效性,显著提升自然保护区管理的绩效。展开更多
文摘The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTS) assay is used as a major method to evaluate cell viability. However, in some cases, the results may reflect mitochondrial status regardless of viability. Epalrestat (EPS) is currently available for the treatment of diabetic neuropathy. In this study, we report that EPS at near-plasma concentrations increases MTS reduction activity independent of cell number in bovine aortic endothelial cells. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a key transcription factor that plays a pivotal role in inducing the expression of genes encoding detoxifying and defensive proteins. Sulforaphane (an Nrf2 activator) also increased MTS-reducing activity, similar to EPS. Knockdown of Nrf2 by short interfering RNA suppressed EPS-induced MTS reduction. These results suggest that EPS increases MTS reduction activity via the Nrf2 pathway. Furthermore, the results that EPS increases ATP production and that electron transfer chain inhibitors suppress EPS-induced MTS reduction activity suggest that EPS may activate mitochondrial status. Because mitochondrial disorders cause numerous diseases, we suggest that EPS has new beneficial properties that may prevent the development and progression of disorders caused by mitochondrial dysfunction.
基金世界自然基金会(WWF)合作的Hydrologic and Community Research of EPES in Sichuan项目
文摘公正的生态系统有偿服务(equitable payment for ecological service,EPES)是指生态系统服务的消费者(买家)和提供者(卖家),围绕双方认可的生态系统服务(产品)基于市场形成对应的买卖关系,双方均因此获得持续的更多更好的经济、生态和社会利益的生态补偿方法。EPES在四川峨边黑竹沟国家级自然保护区的实践表明,自然保护区管理部门可以在保护区恰当的生态系统空间范围内,应用EPES方法整合企业、地方政府、社区和自然保护区管理部门的资源,协助生态系统服务的买家(企业)和卖家(社区)建立起基于市场驱动而非政府财政转移支付的生态补偿激励机制,提高社区、企业和地方政府参与自然保护区管理的积极性和有效性,显著提升自然保护区管理的绩效。
