Insulin like growth factors2 (IGF2) regulates pancreatic β-cell renewal and apoptosis, which in turn plays a role in altering insulin activity and glucose homeostasis. Polymorphisms in IGF2 gene have been associated ...Insulin like growth factors2 (IGF2) regulates pancreatic β-cell renewal and apoptosis, which in turn plays a role in altering insulin activity and glucose homeostasis. Polymorphisms in IGF2 gene have been associated with altered levels of IGF2. Hence, ApaI polymorphism in exon 9 of IGF2 (rs#680) gene was assessed in patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD) to identify individuals at risk of developing new onset diabetes mellitus (NODM) in Asian Indians. Isolated DNA was used for PCR&RFLP based genotyping of IGF2 ApaI polymorphism which was carried out in 364 individuals these included 140 patients who had undergone renal transplant, 42 of which developed new onset diabetes mellitus after renal transplant and 224 healthy control volunteers. In the present study NODM or post transplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM) showed a significant association with G allele and AG genotype when compared with the Non-NODM ESRD patients after transplant (OR 2.081, 95% CI = 1.191 - 3.634, p = 0.01 and OR 3.188, 95% CI = 1.498 - 6.785, p = 0.002) ESRD patients with healthy controls also showed an association with G allele and AG genotype (OR 1.512, 95% CI = 1.060 - 2.155, p = 0.02 and OR 2.235, 95% CI = 1.453 - 3.438, p = 0.0002). IGF2 could be used as a biomarker to identify individuals at high risk of developing NODM, it would be a valuable asset in selecting appropriate immunosuppressive regimens for individuals undergoing transplant. Present study shows the importance of IGF2 ApaI polymorphism in assessing the risk of NODM in ESRD individuals in Asian Indians with ESRD.展开更多
<b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Background</span></b><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana...<b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Background</span></b><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Since 2019, the pandemic of Coronavirus disease 2019</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (COVID-</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">19) has spread very rapidly in China and Worldwide. COVID-19 is a highly contagious, infectious and rapidly spreading viral disease with an alarming case fatality rate up to 5%. </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Case</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span><b><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Report</span></b><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> In this article, we report a case of 60 years old non diabetic, hypertensive woman infected with COVID-19 who </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">has end stage renal disease (ESRD) on hemodialysis for last 18 months.</span></span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">COVID-</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">19 patients with ESRD need isolation dialysis but most of them cannot be handled properly due to limited hemodialysis machine. With these unavailability and risk, we continue the treatment along with hemodialysis for controlling uraemia and fluid balance. With all effort this patient ended with an uneventful course with clinical improvement, improvement of all laboratory </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">parameters and resolution of radiological findings but follow up RT-PCR</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> cannot done due to changing guideline of discharge criteria of COVID-19 patient in Bangladesh.</span></span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">He positively responded to meropenem, clarithromycin, favi</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">piravir, thromboprophylaxis with enoxaparin along with supplemental oxygen therapy. After that she was discharged with an advice of 14 days home isolation with regular hemodialysis and a follow up visit after 14 days in the outpatient department. </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusion</span></b><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">An ESRD patient on regular hemodialysis suffering from severe pneumonia has high risk of mortality. Combined </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">effort from the health care workers are needed to decrease the mortality of</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> COVID-19 infected ESRD patients.</span></span>展开更多
文摘Insulin like growth factors2 (IGF2) regulates pancreatic β-cell renewal and apoptosis, which in turn plays a role in altering insulin activity and glucose homeostasis. Polymorphisms in IGF2 gene have been associated with altered levels of IGF2. Hence, ApaI polymorphism in exon 9 of IGF2 (rs#680) gene was assessed in patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD) to identify individuals at risk of developing new onset diabetes mellitus (NODM) in Asian Indians. Isolated DNA was used for PCR&RFLP based genotyping of IGF2 ApaI polymorphism which was carried out in 364 individuals these included 140 patients who had undergone renal transplant, 42 of which developed new onset diabetes mellitus after renal transplant and 224 healthy control volunteers. In the present study NODM or post transplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM) showed a significant association with G allele and AG genotype when compared with the Non-NODM ESRD patients after transplant (OR 2.081, 95% CI = 1.191 - 3.634, p = 0.01 and OR 3.188, 95% CI = 1.498 - 6.785, p = 0.002) ESRD patients with healthy controls also showed an association with G allele and AG genotype (OR 1.512, 95% CI = 1.060 - 2.155, p = 0.02 and OR 2.235, 95% CI = 1.453 - 3.438, p = 0.0002). IGF2 could be used as a biomarker to identify individuals at high risk of developing NODM, it would be a valuable asset in selecting appropriate immunosuppressive regimens for individuals undergoing transplant. Present study shows the importance of IGF2 ApaI polymorphism in assessing the risk of NODM in ESRD individuals in Asian Indians with ESRD.
文摘<b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Background</span></b><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Since 2019, the pandemic of Coronavirus disease 2019</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (COVID-</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">19) has spread very rapidly in China and Worldwide. COVID-19 is a highly contagious, infectious and rapidly spreading viral disease with an alarming case fatality rate up to 5%. </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Case</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span><b><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Report</span></b><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> In this article, we report a case of 60 years old non diabetic, hypertensive woman infected with COVID-19 who </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">has end stage renal disease (ESRD) on hemodialysis for last 18 months.</span></span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">COVID-</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">19 patients with ESRD need isolation dialysis but most of them cannot be handled properly due to limited hemodialysis machine. With these unavailability and risk, we continue the treatment along with hemodialysis for controlling uraemia and fluid balance. With all effort this patient ended with an uneventful course with clinical improvement, improvement of all laboratory </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">parameters and resolution of radiological findings but follow up RT-PCR</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> cannot done due to changing guideline of discharge criteria of COVID-19 patient in Bangladesh.</span></span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">He positively responded to meropenem, clarithromycin, favi</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">piravir, thromboprophylaxis with enoxaparin along with supplemental oxygen therapy. After that she was discharged with an advice of 14 days home isolation with regular hemodialysis and a follow up visit after 14 days in the outpatient department. </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusion</span></b><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">An ESRD patient on regular hemodialysis suffering from severe pneumonia has high risk of mortality. Combined </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">effort from the health care workers are needed to decrease the mortality of</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> COVID-19 infected ESRD patients.</span></span>