Cellular angiofibroma arising from the rectocutaneous fistula in an adult: A case report

BACKGROUND Rectocutaneous fistulae are common.The infection originates within the anal glands and subsequently extends into adjacent regions,ultimately resulting in fistula development.Cellular angiofibroma(CAF),also known as an angiomy ofibroblastoma-like tumor,is a rare benign soft tissue neoplasm predominantly observed in the scrotum,perineum,and inguinal area in males and in the vulva in females.We describe the first documented case CAF that developed within a rectocutaneous fistula and manifested as a perineal mass.CASE SUMMARY In the outpatient setting,a 52-year-old male patient presented with a 2-year history of a growing perineal mass,accompanied by throbbing pain and minor scrotal abrasion.Physical examination revealed a soft,well-defined,non-tender mass at the left buttock that extended towards the perineum,without a visible opening.The initial assessment identified a soft tissue tumor,and the laboratory data were within normal ranges.Abdominal and pelvic computed tomography(CT)revealed swelling of the abscess cavity that was linked to a rectal cutaneous fistula,with a track-like lesion measuring 6 cm×0.7 cm in the left perineal region and attached to the left rectum.Rectoscope examination found no significant inner orifices.A left medial gluteal incision revealed a thick-walled mass,which was excised along with the extending tract,and curettage was performed.Histopathological examination confirmed CAF diagnosis.The patient achieved total resolution during follow-up assessments and did not require additional hospitalization.CONCLUSION CT imaging supports perineal lesion diagnosis and management.Perineal angiofibromas,even with a cutaneous fistula,can be excised transperineally.

Structured magnetic resonance imaging and endoanal ultrasound anal fistulas reporting template(SMART):An interdisciplinary Delphi consensus

BACKGROUND There is still considerable heterogeneity regarding which features of cryptoglandular anal fistula on magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)and endoanal ultrasound(EAUS)are relevant to surgical decision-making.As a con-sequence,the quality and completeness of the report are highly dependent on the training and experience of the examiners.AIM To develop a structured MRI and EAUS template(SMART)reporting the minimum dataset of information for the treatment of anal fistulas.METHODS This modified Delphi survey based on the RAND-UCLA appropriateness for consensus-building was conducted between May and August 2023.One hundred and fifty-one articles selected from a systematic review of the lite-rature formed the database to generate the evidence-based statements for the Delphi study.Fourteen questions were anonymously voted by an interdisciplinary multidisciplinary group for a maximum of three iterative rounds.The degree of agreement was scored on a numeric 0–10 scale.Group consensus was defined as a score≥8 for≥80%of the panelists.RESULTS Eleven scientific societies(3 radiological and 8 surgical)endorsed the study.After three rounds of voting,the experts(69 colorectal surgeons,23 radiologists,2 anatomists,and 1 gastroenterologist)achieved consensus for 12 of 14 statements(85.7%).Based on the results of the Delphi process,the six following features of anal fistulas were included in the SMART:Primary tract,secondary extension,internal opening,presence of collection,coexisting le-sions,and sphincters morphology.CONCLUSION A structured template,SMART,was developed to standardize imaging reporting of fistula-in-ano in a simple,systematic,time-efficient way,providing the minimum dataset of information and visual diagram useful to refer-ring physicians.

Pseudoaneurysm formation following transarterial embolization of traumatic carotid-cavernous fistula with detachable balloon:An institutional cohort long-term study

BACKGROUND The goal of therapy for traumatic carotid-cavernous fistula(TCCF)is the elimination of fistula while maintaining patency of the parent artery.The treatment for TCCF has evolved from surgery to endovascular management using detachable balloons,coils,liquid embolic agents,covered stents,or flow-diverter stent through arterial or venous approaches.Despite the withdrawal of detachable balloons from the market in the United States since 2004,transarterial embolization with detachable balloons has currently remained the best initial treatment for TCCF in several countries.However,the pseudoaneurysm formation following transarterial detachable balloon embolization has rarely been observed in long-term follow-up.AIM To determine the occurrence and long-term follow-up of pseudoaneurysm after transarterial detachable balloon for TCCF.METHODS Between January 2009 and December 2019,79 patients diagnosed with TCCF were treated using detachable latex balloons(GOLDBAL)of four sizes.Pseudoaneurysm sizes were stratified into five grades for analysis.Initial and follow-up assessments involved computed tomography angiography at 1 month,6 month,1 year,and longer intervals for significant cases.Clinical follow-ups occurred semi-annually for 2 years,then annually.Factors analyzed included sex,age,fistula size and location,and balloon size.RESULTS In our cohort of 79 patients treated for TCCF,pseudoaneurysms formed in 67.1%,with classifications ranging from grade 0 to grade 3;no grade 4 or giant pseudoaneurysms were observed.The majority of pseudoaneurysms did not progress in size,and some regressed spontaneously.Calcifications developed in most large pseudoaneurysms over 5-10 years.Parent artery occlusion occurred in 7.6%and recurrent fistulas in 16.5%.The primary risk factors for pseudoaneurysm formation were identified as the use of specific balloon sizes,with balloon SP and No.6 significantly associated with its occurrence(P=0.005 and P=0.002,respectively),whereas sex,age,fistula size,location,and the number of balloons used were not significant predictors.CONCLUSION Pseudoaneurysm formation following detachable balloon embolization for TCCF is common,primarily influenced by the size of the balloon used.Despite this,all patients with pseudoaneurysms remained asymptomatic during long-term follow-up.

A case study illustrating the use of an integrated approach to treat secondary Anal Fistula Post I&D of Perianal Abscess

Background:Anal fistula is a long-term disease characterized by a tubular structure with one end opening in the anorectal canal and the other end opening on the surface of the perineum or perianal skin with chronic pus drainage.It is linked to Bhagandar in Ayurveda,and in Sushruta Samhita,Acharya has mentioned 5 forms of Bhagandar.The boil in the present case was Shukla,sthira i.e.hard and firm,with Picchila strava and Kandu resembling the features of Parisraavi bhagandar.Aim and objective:The current case was diagnosed as Parisravi bhagandar,which resembles trans-sphincteric or intersphincteric fistula in modern ano.In Ayurveda,the management of Parisraavi Bhagandar,Shastra,kshara,and Agnikarma is advised and the use of Ksharasutra,which contributes to complete cutting and healing of the track without reoccurrence,similarly Modern surgeon depends on surgery i.e radical excision of the track,ligation with Seton,and use of chemical irritants like urethane,silver nitrates,etc.A cutting seton(tight)gently slices the confined muscle to close the fistula with the least interruption to continence.This operation is especially advised when a one-stage fistulotomy poses a considerable risk of incontinence.Material and methods:The method performed here was Core Partial Fistulectomy followed by Ksharasutra application till complete healing of the wound.Discussion and conclusion:This case study provides the successful management of Parisraavi Bhagandara(high anal,trans-sphincteric fistula in ano)in 61-year-old male patient with an integrated surgical&Ayurvedic management approach.

Impact of stage-specific limb function exercises guided by a selfmanagement education model on arteriovenous fistula maturation status

BACKGROUND The exercise of limb function is the most economical and safe method to promote the maturation of arteriovenous fistula(AVF).However,due to the lack of a uni-fied exercise standard in China,many patients have insufficient awareness of the importance of AVF,leading to poor effectiveness of limb function exercise.The self-management education model can effectively promote patients to take pro-active health-related actions.This study focuses on the characteristics of patients during the peri-AVF period and conducts a phased limb function exercise under the guidance of the self-management education model to observe changes in fac-tors such as the maturity of AVF.AIM To assess the impact of stage-specific limb function exercises,directed by a self-management education model,on the maturation status of AVFs.METHODS This study is a randomized controlled trial involving 74 patients with forearm AVFs from the Nephrology Department of a tertiary hospital in Sichuan Province,China.Patients were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group using a random number table method.The observation group underwent tailored stage-specific limb func-tion exercises,informed by a self-management education model which took into account the unique features of AVF at various stages,in conjunction with routine care.Conversely,the control group was given standard limb function exercises along with routine care.The assessment involves the maturity of AVFs post-intervention,post-operative complications,and the self-management level of the fistula in both groups patients.Analyses were conducted using SPSS version 23.0.Count data were represented by frequency and percentage and subjected to chi-square test comparisons.Measurement data adhering to a normal distribution were presented as mean±SD.The independent samples t-test was utilized for inter-group comparisons,while the paired t-test was used for intra-group comparisons.For measurement data not fitting a normal distribution,the median and interquartile range were presented and analyzed using the Wilcoxon rank sum test.RESULTS At the 8-wk postoperative mark,the observation group demonstrated significantly higher scores in AVF symptom recognition,symptom prevention,and self-management compared to the control group(P<0.05).However,the variance in symptom management scores between the observation and control groups lacked statistical signi-ficance(P>0.05).At 4 wk after the operation,the observation group displayed a superior vessel diameter and depth from the skin of the drainage vessels in comparison to the control group(P<0.05).While the observation group did manifest elevated blood flow rates in the drainage vessels relative to the control group,this distinction was not statistically significant(P>0.05).By the 8-wk postoperative interval,the observation group outperformed the control group with notable enhancements in blood flow rates,vessel diameter,and depth from the skin of drainage vessels(P<0.01).Seven days following the procedure,the observation group manifested significantly diminished limb swelling and an overall reduced complication rate in contrast to the control group(P<0.05).The evaluation of infection,thrombosis,embolism,arterial aneurysm stenosis,and incision bleeding showed no notable differences between the two groups(P>0.05).By the 4-wk postoperative juncture,complications between the observation and control groups were statistically indistinguishable(P>0.05).CONCLUSION Stage-specific limb function exercises,under the guidance of a self-management education model,amplify the capacity of AVF patients to discern and prevent symptoms.Additionally,they expedite AVF maturation and miti-gate postoperative limb edema,underscoring their efficacy as a valuable method for the care and upkeep of AVF in hemodialysis patients.

Robotic management of urinary fistula

Objectives:To highlight critical preoperative and intraoperative considerations in approaching fistula repair robotically.Methods:A search of the literature was conducted to identify relevant articles pertaining to robotic management of urinary fistulae.Results:Fistulae of the genitourinary tract can be a challenging dilemma for urologists,as definitive management may require surgical intervention.Pathogenesis of both enteric and non-enteric fistulae are multifactorial,and successful repair hinges on the meticulous perioperative evaluation,planning,and execution.Traditional open techniques can subject patients to increased morbidity and prolonged hospitalizations.Since its introduction,the robotic surgical platform has continued to expand its indications.Its three-dimensional visualization and tremor free wristed instrument movements have made the robotic platform an attractive option for genitourinary fistula reconstruction.Conclusion:Robotic management of complex urinary fistulae is feasible in expert hands;more studies are needed to define its role in the treatment algorithm of this devastating conditions.

Bronchobiliary fistula in a patient with liver cancer

Bronchobiliary fistula(BBF) is a pathologic channel between the biliary tract and bronchial tree. In general, congenital BBF is relatively rare in adult patients. There are a few case reports suggesting that BBF is mainly secondary to hepatobiliary diseases, such as biliary obstruction, tumor, surgery, or liver abscess, and liver tumor is the predominant causative factor [1]. In addition, with the increasing number of liver and biliary surgeries and interventional therapies in recent years, more cases of BBF were reported as a postoperative complication [ 2, 3 ]. In this case, we presented a patient who underwent interventional treatment for liver tumor and was treated for his respiratory symptoms but diagnosed with BBF finally. Here, we summarized the clinical features and main diagnostic procedures of the case, aiming to provide evidence for early identification and diagnosis of BBF.

T-tube bridging fistula jejunal anastomosis for treatment of pancreatic lumbar dorsal fistula after necrotizing pancreatitis

Infectious pancreatic necrosis causes external pancreatic fistula in some patients.Generally,external pancreatic fistula requires fistula-gastric and/or intestinal anastomosis,and digestive endoscopic interventional treatment[1–3].It is especially difficult to treat external pancreatic fistulas with small fistulas where the external fistula is located in the lower back.The common treatment is to remove the body and tail of the pancreas and the spleen.This operation is very traumatic.A new pancreatic fistula may still occur at the pancreatic stump.The above operations may lead to unnecessary resection of the spleen,colon injury and other complications.In order to solve this problem,we innovatively used T-tube bridging fistula jejunal anastomosis plus continuous negative pressure suction to treat three cases of external pancreatic fistulas in the lower back,and all of them achieved good results.

Optimization of tracheoesophageal fistula model established with Tshaped magnet system based on magnetic compression technique

BACKGROUND The magnetic compression technique has been used to establish an animal model of tracheoesophageal fistula(TEF),but the commonly shaped magnets present limitations of poor homogeneity of TEF and poor model control.We designed a Tshaped magnet system to overcome these problems and verified its effectiveness via animal experiments.AIM To investigate the effectiveness of a T-shaped magnet system for establishing a TEF model in beagle dogs.METHODS Twelve beagles were randomly assigned to groups in which magnets of the Tshaped scheme(study group,n=6)or normal magnets(control group,n=6)were implanted into the trachea and esophagus separately under gastroscopy.Operation time,operation success rate,and accidental injury were recorded.After operation,the presence and timing of cough and the time of magnet shedding were observed.Dogs in the control group were euthanized after X-ray and gastroscopy to confirm establishment of TEFs after coughing,and gross specimens of TEFs were obtained.Dogs in the study group were euthanized after X-ray and gastroscopy 2 wk after surgery,and gross specimens were obtained.Fistula size was measured in all animals,and then harvested fistula specimens were examined by hematoxylin and eosin(HE)and Masson trichrome staining.RESULTS The operation success rate was 100%for both groups.Operation time did not differ between the study group(5.25 min±1.29 min)and the control group(4.75 min±1.70 min;P=0.331).No bleeding,perforation,or unplanned magnet attraction occurred in any animal during the operation.In the early postoperative period,all dogs ate freely and were generally in good condition.Dogs in the control group had severe cough after drinking water at 6-9 d after surgery.X-ray indicated that the magnets had entered the stomach,and gastroscopy showed TEF formation.Gross specimens of TEFs from the control group showed the formation of fistulas with a diameter of 4.94 mm±1.29 mm(range,3.52-6.56 mm).HE and Masson trichrome staining showed scar tissue formation and hierarchical structural disorder at the fistulas.Dogs in the study group did not exhibit obvious coughing after surgery.X-ray examination 2 wk after surgery indicated fixed magnet positioning,and gastroscopy showed no change in magnet positioning.The magnets were removed using a snare under endoscopy,and TEF was observed.Gross specimens showed well-formed fistulas with a diameter of 6.11 mm±0.16 mm(range,5.92-6.36 mm),which exceeded that in the control group(P<0.001).Scar formation was observed on the internal surface of fistulas by HE and Masson trichrome staining,and the structure was more regular than that in the control group.CONCLUSION Use of the modified T-shaped magnet scheme is safe and feasible for establishing TEF and can achieve a more stable and uniform fistula size compared with ordinary magnets.Most importantly,this model offers better controllability,which improves the flexibility of follow-up studies.

Optimizing prediction models for pancreatic fistula after pancreatectomy:Current status and future perspectives

Postoperative pancreatic fistula(POPF)is a frequent complication after pancre-atectomy,leading to increased morbidity and mortality.Optimizing prediction models for POPF has emerged as a critical focus in surgical research.Although over sixty models following pancreaticoduodenectomy,predominantly reliant on a variety of clinical,surgical,and radiological parameters,have been documented,their predictive accuracy remains suboptimal in external validation and across diverse populations.As models after distal pancreatectomy continue to be pro-gressively reported,their external validation is eagerly anticipated.Conversely,POPF prediction after central pancreatectomy is in its nascent stage,warranting urgent need for further development and validation.The potential of machine learning and big data analytics offers promising prospects for enhancing the accuracy of prediction models by incorporating an extensive array of variables and optimizing algorithm performance.Moreover,there is potential for the development of personalized prediction models based on patient-or pancreas-specific factors and postoperative serum or drain fluid biomarkers to improve accuracy in identifying individuals at risk of POPF.In the future,prospective multicenter studies and the integration of novel imaging technologies,such as artificial intelligence-based radiomics,may further refine predictive models.Addressing these issues is anticipated to revolutionize risk stratification,clinical decision-making,and postoperative management in patients undergoing pancre-atectomy.

Long-term outcome of stem cell transplantation with and without anti-tumor necrotic factor therapy in perianal fistula with Crohn’s disease

BACKGROUND Stem cell transplantation is a promising therapeutic option for curing perianal fistula in Crohn’s disease(CD).Anti-tumor necrotic factor(TNF)therapy combined with drainage procedure is effective as well.However,previous studies are limited to proving whether the combination treatment of biologics and stem cell transplantation improves the effect of fistula closure.AIM This study aimed to evaluate the long-term outcomes of stem cell transplantation and compare Crohn’s perianal fistula(CPF)closure rates after stem cell transplantation with and without anti-TNF therapy,and to identify the factors affecting CPF closure and recurrence.METHODS The patients with CD who underwent stem cell transplantation for treating perianal fistula in our institution between Jun 2014 and December 2022 were enrolled.Clinical data were compared according to anti-TNF therapy and CPF closure.RESULTS A total of 65 patients were included.The median age of females was 26 years(range:21-31)and that of males was 29(44.6%).The mean follow-up duration was 65.88±32.65 months,and complete closure was observed in 50(76.9%)patients.The closure rates were similar after stem cell transplantation with and without anti-TNF therapy(66.7%vs 81.6%at 3 year,P=0.098).The patients with fistula closure had short fistulous tract and infrequent proctitis and anorectal stricture(P=0.027,0.002,and 0.008,respectively).Clinical factors such as complexity,number of fistulas,presence of concurrent abscess,and medication were not significant for closure.The cumulative 1-,2-,and 3-year closure rates were 66.2%,73.8%,and 75.4%,respectively.CONCLUSION Anti-TNF therapy does not increase CPF closure rates in patients with stem cell transplantation.However,both refractory and non-refractory CPF have similar closure rates after additional anti-TNF therapy.Fistulous tract length,proctitis,and anal stricture are risk factors for non-closure in patients with CPF after stem cell transplantation.

Ruptured venous aneurysm associated with a dural arteriovenous fistula:Two case reports

BACKGROUND In general,venous aneurysm associated with dural arteriovenous fistula(dAVF)is considered to be developed under long standing venous hypertension and manifested as venous ectasia of draining vein itself.However,discrete saccular shaped venous aneurysm without angiographic evidence of venous hypertension arising from the draining vein,like cerebral arterial aneurysm,is quite rare and its pathomechanism remains unclear in patients with dAVF.CASE SUMMARY In this report,we present two cases of ruptured saccular venous aneurysms associated with dAVF without venous hypertension or venous ectasia.In both cases,significant curve or stenosis is observed in draining vein,which is located in just distal portion of the venous aneurysms.These aneurysms were successfully treated with a transarterial embolization.Underlying mechanism of venous aneurysms in these cases is discussed.CONCLUSION Although there is little doubt that hemodynamic stress has a critical role in the development of venous aneurysms in patients with dAVF,preceding venous hypertension or venous ectasia is not necessary for development and enlargement of venous aneurysms.Considering the significant risk of rupture,a careful review of draining vein features including tortuosity or stenosis is needed,especially in venous aneurysms without evidence of venous hypertension.

Liver abscess and tracheal fistula induced by transcatheter arterial chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma:A case report

BACKGROUND Transarterial chemoembolization(TACE)is a standard treatment for intermediate-stage hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).The complications of TACE include biliary tract infection,liver dysfunction,tumor lysis syndrome,biloma,partial intestinal obstruction,cerebral lipiodol embolism,etc.There are few reports about tracheal fistula induced by TACE.CASE SUMMARY A 42-year-old man came to our hospital with cough and expectoration for 1 month after TACE for HCC.Laboratory test results showed abnormalities of albumin,hemoglobin,prothrombin time,C-reactive protein,D-dimer,and prothrombin.Culture of both phlegm and liver pus revealed growth of Citrobacter flavescens.Computed tomography showed infection in the inferior lobe of the right lung and a low-density lesion with gas in the right liver.Liver ultrasound showed that there was a big hypoechoic liquid lesion without blood flow signal.Drainage for liver abscess by needle puncture under ultrasonic guidance was performed.After 1 month of drainage and anti-infection therapy,the abscess in the liver and the infection in the lung were reduced obviously,and the symptom of expectoration was relieved.CONCLUSION Clinicians should be alert to the possibility of complications of liver abscess and tracheal fistula after TACE for HCC.Drainage for liver abscess by needle puncture under ultrasonic guidance could relieve the liver abscess and tracheal fistula.

New application of intestinal obstruction catheter in enterocutaneous fistula:A case report

BACKGROUND Enterocutaneous fistula(ECF)is an abnormal connection between the gastrointestinal tract and the skin.ECF can lead to massive body fluid loss,hypercatabolism,and malnutrition.Therefore,nutritional support plays a crucial role in managing ECFs and promoting the healing of fistulas.For nutritional support,enteral nutrition(EN)is the preferred method when gastrointestinal function is recovering.Currently,various EN approaches have been applied for different anatomical positions of the ECF.However,the effectiveness of administering EN support for treating lower ECFs still needs further exploration and improvement.CASE SUMMARY We present the case of a 46-year-old male who underwent gastrointestinal stromal tumour resection.Six days after the surgery,the patient presented with fever,fatigue,severe upper abdominal pain,and septic shock.Subsequently,lower ECFs were diagnosed through laboratory and imaging examinations.In addition to symptomatic treatment for homeostasis,total parenteral nutrition support was administered in the first 72 h due to dysfunction of the intestine.After that,we gradually provided EN support through the intestinal obstruction catheter in consideration of the specific anatomic position of the fistula instead of using the nasal jejunal tube.Ultimately,the patient could receive optimal EN support via the catheter,and no complications were found during the treatment.CONCLUSION Nutritional support is a crucial element in ECF management,and intestinal obstruction catheters could be used for early EN administration.

Endovascular treatment of direct carotid cavernous fistula resulting from rupture of intracavernous carotid aneurysm: A case report

BACKGROUND Direct carotid cavernous fistulas(CCFs)are typically the result of a severe traumatic brain injury.High-flow arteriovenous shunts secondary to rupture of an intracavernous aneurysm,resulting in direct CCFs,are rare.The use of a pipeline embolization device in conjunction with coils and Onyx glue for treatment of direct high-flow CCF resulting from ruptured cavernous carotid artery aneurysm in a clinical setting is not well documented.CASE SUMMARY A 58-year-old woman presented to our department with symptoms of blepharoptosis and intracranial bruits for 1 wk.During physical examination,there was right eye exophthalmos and ocular motor palsy.The rest of the neurological examination was clear.Notably,the patient had no history of head injury.The patient was treated with a pipeline embolization device in the ipsilateral internal carotid artery across the fistula.Coils and Onyx were placed through the femoral venous route,followed by placement of the pipeline embolization device with assistance from a balloon-coiling technique.No intraoperative or perioperative complications occurred.Preoperative symptoms of bulbar hyperemia and bruits subsided immediately after the operation.CONCLUSION Pipeline embolization device in conjunction with coiling and Onyx may be a safe and effective approach for direct CCFs.

Surgical treatment of a rare brachial artery aneurysm postarteriovenous fistula closure after kidney transplant:A case report

BACKGROUND Brachial artery aneurysms are defined as dilations greater than 50%of the normal diameter,which are rare among all peripheral arterial aneurysms.While they are often present as pseudoaneurysms,true brachial artery aneurysms are also detected rarely.In this case report,the surgical repair method of true brachial artery aneurysms,which is a rare condition,is explained.CASE SUMMARY Herein,we present a 61-year-old male patient with complaints of swelling and pain in the right arm antecubital region that had been progressing over 6 mo.Upon the diagnosis of a true brachial artery aneurysm associated with arteriovenous fistula,the aneurysm was surgically repaired with an autologous saphenous vein graft.The patient was discharged without any neurovascular complications postoperatively.CONCLUSION True brachial artery aneurysms are rare and there are not any recommendations for their management in the current literature.Even though the treatment of true aneurysms in this artery is primarily based on a surgical treatment,endovascular repair also might be an option.

Risk factors and prevention of pancreatic fistula after laparoscopic gastrectomy for gastric cancer

Following laparoscopic gastrectomy(LG),one of the critical complications that can arise is a pancreatic fistula(PF).The inability to promptly prevent,diagnose,and manage this condition can lead to severe complications and potentially be life-threatening for the patient.The incidence of PF post-LG in gastric cancer treatment is related to factors such as surgical approach,surgical instruments,characteristics of the pancreas itself,tumor stage,and the surgeon’s experience.Currently,the diagnosis of postoperative PF is mainly based on the definition and diagnostic criteria consensus established by the International Study Group of Pancreatic Surgery.Gastrointestinal surgeons should be aware of the risk factors for PF,perform LG for gastric cancer with great care and precision,avoid pan-creatic injury,and actively work to reduce the risk of postoperative PF.

Identifying the risk factors for pancreatic fistula after laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy in patients with pancreatic cancer

BACKGROUND Laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy(LPD)is a surgical procedure for treating pancreatic cancer;however,the risk of complications remains high owing to the wide range of organs involved during the surgery and the difficulty of anastomosis.Pancreatic fistula(PF)is a major complication that not only increases the risk of postoperative infection and abdominal hemorrhage but may also cause multi-organ failure,which is a serious threat to the patient’s life.This study hypothesized the risk factors for PF after LPD.AIM To identify the risk factors for PF after laparoscopic pancreatoduodenectomy in patients with pancreatic cancer.METHODS We retrospectively analyzed the data of 201 patients admitted to the Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center between August 2022 and August 2023 who underwent LPD for pancreatic cancer.On the basis of the PF’s incidence(grades B and C),patients were categorized into the PF(n=15)and non-PF groups(n=186).Differences in general data,preoperative laboratory indicators,and surgery-related factors between the two groups were compared and analyzed using multifactorial logistic regression and receiver-operating characteristic(ROC)curve analyses.RESULTS The proportions of males,combined hypertension,soft pancreatic texture,and pancreatic duct diameter≤3 mm;surgery time;body mass index(BMI);and amylase(Am)level in the drainage fluid on the first postoperative day(Am>1069 U/L)were greater in the PF group than in the non-PF group(P<0.05),whereas the preoperative monocyte count in the PF group was lower than that in the non-PF group(all P<0.05).The logistic regression analysis revealed that BMI>24.91 kg/m²[odds ratio(OR)=13.978,95%confidence interval(CI):1.886-103.581],hypertension(OR=8.484,95%CI:1.22-58.994),soft pancreatic texture(OR=42.015,95%CI:5.698-309.782),and operation time>414 min(OR=15.41,95%CI:1.63-145.674)were risk factors for the development of PF after LPD for pancreatic cancer(all P<0.05).The areas under the ROC curve for BMI,hypertension,soft pancreatic texture,and time prediction of PF surgery were 0.655,0.661,0.873,and 0.758,respectively.CONCLUSION BMI(>24.91 kg/m²),hypertension,soft pancreatic texture,and operation time(>414 min)are considered to be the risk factors for postoperative PF.

Establishment of acquired tracheoesophageal fistula using a modified magnetic compression technique in rabbits and its postmodeling evaluation

BACKGROUND Previous studies have validated the efficacy of both magnetic compression and surgical techniques in creating rabbit tracheoesophageal fistula(TEF)models.Magnetic compression achieves a 100%success rate but requires more time,while surgery,though less frequently successful,offers rapid model establishment and technical maturity in larger animal models.AIM To determine the optimal approach for rabbit disease modeling and refine the process.METHODS TEF models were created in 12 rabbits using both the modified magnetic compression technique and surgery.Comparisons of the time to model establishment,success rate,food and water intake,weight changes,activity levels,bronchoscopy findings,white blood cell counts,and biopsies were performed.In response to the failures encountered during modified magnetic compression modeling,we increased the sample size to 15 rabbit models and assessed the repeatability and stability of the models,comparing them with the original magnetic compression technique.RESULTS The modified magnetic compression technique achieved a 66.7%success rate,whereas the success rate of the surgery technique was 33.3%.Surviving surgical rabbits might not meet subsequent experimental requirements due to TEF-related inflammation.In the modified magnetic compression group,one rabbit died,possibly due to magnet corrosion,and another died from tracheal magnet obstruction.Similar events occurred during the second round of modified magnetic compression modeling,with one rabbit possibly succumbing to aggravated lung infection.The operation time of the first round of modified magnetic compression was 3.2±0.6 min,which was significantly reduced to 2.1±0.4 min in the second round,compared to both the first round and that of the original technique.CONCLUSION The modified magnetic compression technique exhibits lower stress responses,a simple procedure,a high success rate,and lower modeling costs,making it a more appropriate choice for constructing TEF models in rabbits.

Endoscopic treatment of extreme esophageal stenosis complicated with esophagotracheal fistula: A case report

BACKGROUND At present,there is no unified and effective treatment for extreme corrosive esophageal stenosis(CES)with esophagotracheal fistula(ETF).This case had extreme and severe esophageal stenosis(ES)and ETF after ingesting an enzyme-based chemical detergent,resulting in a serious pulmonary infection and severe malnutrition.Upper gastrointestinal imaging showed that he had an ETF,and endoscopy showed that he had extreme and severe esophageal stricture.This case was complex and difficult to treat.According to the domestic and foreign lite-rature,there is no universal treatment that is low-risk.CASE SUMMARY A patient came to our hospital with extreme ES,an ETF,and severe malnutrition complicated with pulmonary tuberculosis 1 mo after the consumption of an enzy-me-based detergent.The ES was serious,and the endoscope was unable to pass through the esophagus.We treated him by endoscopic incision method(EIM),esophageal stent placement(ESP),and endoscopic balloon dilation(EBD)by using the bronchoscope and gastroscope.This treatment not only closed the ETF,but also expanded the esophagus,with minimal trauma,greatly reducing the pain of the patient.According to the literature,there are no similar reported cases.CONCLUSION We report,for the first time,a patient with extreme CES complicated with ETF,where the endoscope could not be passed through his esophagus but he could be examined by bronchoscopy and treated by EIM,ESP,and EBD.