一种极化码的优化临界集SCL-Flip译码算法

针对极化码的传统临界集包含正确路径可能被消除的比特位置问题,提出一种极化码的优化临界集SCL-Flip译码算法。该算法将临界集作为初始临界集,采用高斯近似原理对极化子信道的可靠度进行估计,然后,通过改变初始临界集的选取规则,优化用于串行抵消列表译码中临界集的不完整性,并根据信道可靠度由低到高排序形成优化临界集,该优化临界集能减少重译码次数并有效提高翻转准确性。仿真结果表明,所提算法有较大的性能增益,且翻转次数明显降低。

Research and Practice of Flipped Classroom Teaching Mode of Integrated Business English Course Under MOOC Environment

As an online course-teaching mode,Massive Open Online Course(MOOC)has drawn great attention from both teachers and students.It is necessary to give full play to the advantages of MOOC resources and to enhance teachers’consciousness of“identity remodeling”in the process of Integrated Business English flipping classroom teaching.Combining the advantages of MOOC and flipped classroom teaching during before-,during-,and after-class will greatly help promote the overall quality of business English teaching in universities.

Flip Chip技术在集成电路封装中的应用

阐述从集成电路封装发展现状、Flip Chip技术内涵、Flip Chip技术在集成电路封装中的应用剖析、市场发展展望等多个角度,探讨在集成电路封装中,应用Flip Chip技术的必要性和重要性。

Self-Efficacy Among Nursing Students Using Flipped and Traditional Teaching Modalities

Objective:To measure the self-efficacy of nursing students taught using both flipped and traditional classroom modalities.Method:A quantitative research design was employed.The control group was taught using the traditional classroom model,while the experimental group utilized the flipped classroom model.The study population consisted of undergraduate nursing majors at Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine.Two out of twelve classes were selected through random sampling.Results:The study presents an analysis of the t-test results using SPSS,which shows a significant difference when the calculated P-value falls between 0.00 and 0.05.The P-value obtained was 0.00,indicating a statistically significant difference.Conclusion:The teaching model,whether flipped or traditional,has an impact on nursing students’self-efficacy.Students in the flipped classroom exhibited higher self-efficacy in mastering the curriculum.

The Application of“Problem-Based Learning+Flipped Classroom”Teaching Model in Bilingual Education

This study focuses on the application of the“PBL(problem-based learning)+Flipped Classroom”teaching model in bilingual education,aiming to explore its potential to enhance the quality and effectiveness of bilingual teaching.PBL emphasizes learning through the resolution of real-world problems,while the Flipped Classroom advocates that students acquire basic knowledge through self-study before class,dedicating class time to in-depth discussions and practical activities.The integration of these two teaching models in bilingual education aims to stimulate students’interest in learning,improve their autonomous learning abilities,enhance critical thinking,and foster cross-cultural communication skills.Through literature review,case analysis,and empirical research,this study first examines the current applications and challenges of PBL and the Flipped Classroom in bilingual education.Subsequently,it elaborates on the specific implementation steps of the“PBL+Flipped Classroom”teaching model in bilingual education,including problem design,preview material provision,cooperative learning,classroom activities,and language support.A comparative experiment is then conducted to analyze the impact of this teaching model on students’learning motivation,academic performance,and cross-cultural communication skills.The results indicate that the“PBL+Flipped Classroom”teaching model significantly improves students’learning motivation and participation,enhances academic performance,and effectively boosts their cross-cultural communication skills.Furthermore,this model aids in cultivating students’autonomous learning abilities and critical thinking,providing an innovative and effective approach to bilingual education.This study offers new ideas and insights for the field of bilingual education,which is of great significance for promoting the innovation and development of bilingual teaching models.

Research and Discussion on Flipped Classroom Combined with Case-Based Learning in Pharmacoeconomics Teaching

Objective:To explore the application effect of flipped classroom combined with case-based learning teaching methods in pharmacoeconomics teaching.Methods:The students majoring in clinical pharmacy in 2019 were selected as the study subjects,and the cost-effectiveness analysis of different dosage forms of Yinzhihuang in the treatment of neonatal jaundice was selected as the teaching case.The flipped classroom combined with case-based learning teaching method was used to carry out theoretical teaching to the students.After the course,questionnaires were distributed through the Sojump platform to evaluate the teaching effect.Results:The results of the questionnaire showed that 85.71%of the students believed that the flipped classroom combined with case-based learning teaching method was helpful in mobilizing the learning enthusiasm and initiative,and improving the comprehensive application ability of the knowledge of pharmacoeconomics.92.86%of the students think that it is conducive to the understanding and memorization of learning content,as well as the cultivation of teamwork,communication,etc.Conclusion:Flipped classroom combined with case-based learning teaching method can improve students’knowledge mastery,thinking skills,and practical application skills,as well as optimize and improve teachers’teaching levels.

Analysis of the Application Value of Virtual Reality Combined with Flipped Classroom Teaching Mode in Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Teaching

Objective:To analyze the value of using virtual reality combined with the flipped classroom teaching model in teaching cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR).Methods:Two classes of our nursing program were randomly selected for the study from September 2022 to September 2023,Class A(52 students,conventional teaching method)and Class B(52 students,virtual reality combined with flipped classroom teaching mode).The assessment scores and independent learning ability scores of the students in the two classes were compared.Results:CPR theory and operation scores,passing rate,and independent learning ability scores of Class B were higher than those of Class A(P<0.05).Conclusion:the use of virtual reality combined with the flipped classroom teaching mode in CPR teaching is conducive to the improvement of students’assessment scores and independent learning ability.

Application of Cooperative Learning and Flipped Classrooms in University Basketball Courses in China

This study investigates the application of the teaching model combining cooperative learning and flipped classrooms in university basketball courses in China.By analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of the traditional basketball teaching model and students’satisfaction with the course,the necessity of implementing cooperative learning and flipped classrooms is proposed.The study planned in detail the implementation strategies before class,in the classroom,and after class,and compared them with the control group through an experimental design.The experimental results showed that the new teaching mode demonstrated significant advantages in terms of learning outcomes,student satisfaction,and teacher evaluation.This study provides a valuable reference for the future reform of the physical education curriculum.

FLIP在非小细胞肺癌中的表达及其与细胞凋亡的关系

目的 研究FLIP在非小细胞肺癌 (NSCLC)中的表达并观察其与细胞凋亡的关系。方法 采用免疫组化技术检测FLIP在 48例NSCLC和 16例肺良性疾病组织中的表达 ,并应用TUNEL技术检测 48例NSCLC的凋亡情况。结果 肺癌组织中FLIP的表达率为 83 .3 3 % ( 4 0 /4 8) ,明显高于肺良性病变组织( 2 5 .0 0 % ) (P <0 .0 1)。FLIP的表达水平与TNM分期及淋巴结转移有密切关系 ,但与肿瘤组织学分型、分化程度无明显关系。FLIP在肺癌组织中的表达水平与癌细胞凋亡指数 (AI)未见明显相关性 (r =-0 .2 11,P >0 .0 5 )。结论 FLIP的过量表达在NSCLC的发生发展中起重要作用 ,但与细胞凋亡无明显关系。

凋亡抑制蛋白c-FLIP在带状疱疹患者细胞免疫中作用的研究

目的探讨凋亡抑制蛋白c-FLIP在抗水痘-带状疱疹病毒(VZV)免疫中的作用。方法采用流式细胞术检测30例无恶性肿瘤的带状疱疹患者、17例伴恶性肿瘤的带状疱疹患者和20例正常对照者外周血T细胞和B细胞内c-FLIP蛋白表达阳性率和CD3+T细胞阳性率。结果急性期伴有恶性肿瘤的带状疱疹患者外周血T细胞内c-FLIP表达明显低于无恶性肿瘤和正常对照组(P<0.05,P<0.01),无恶性肿瘤组明显低于正常对照组(P<0.05);恢复期无恶性肿瘤的带状疱疹患者外周血T细胞内c-FLIP表达明显增加,与急性期相比有明显差异(P<0.01),但恢复期的伴恶性肿瘤和急性期相比无明显差异(P>0.05);外周血B细胞内c-FLIP表达在急性期和恢复期的带状疱疹患者中无明显差异(P>0.05)。CD3+T细胞在带状疱疹患者外周血中的阳性率与c-FLIP有相似的表达趋势,两者呈正相关(r分别为0.806和0.534,P均<0.05)。结论凋亡抑制蛋白c-FLIP在急性期带状疱疹患者外周血T细胞内低表达,恢复期则高表达,且与T细胞数量明显正相关,表明其可能参与带状疱疹患者T细胞的增殖,在带状疱疹发生、发展中发挥一定的作用。

凋亡相关蛋白FLIP和NF-κB在人骨肉瘤中表达及其与凋亡的关系研究

目的探讨FLIP、NF-κB蛋白在人骨肉瘤组织中的表达以及与骨肉瘤细胞凋亡的关系。方法免疫组化方法检测FLIP、NF-κB蛋白在骨肉瘤及骨软骨瘤中的表达;用TUNEL方法通过激光扫描共聚焦显微镜检测骨肉瘤及骨软骨瘤细胞凋亡并计算细胞凋亡指数(AI)。结果骨肉瘤组织FLIP蛋白表达强度(0.276±0.013)高于骨软骨瘤(0.171±0.007)(t=26.122,P<0.05)。NF-κB蛋白表达也高于骨软骨瘤〔(0.754±0.026)和(0.318±0.009)〕(t=56.700,P<0.05)。骨肉瘤中AI显著低于骨软骨瘤(P<0.01)。骨肉瘤中FLIP蛋白表达与细胞凋亡指数呈负相关(r=-0.949,P<0.01);NF-κB蛋白表达与细胞凋亡指数之间也呈负相关(r=-0.877,P<0.01)。结论 FLIP、NF-κB均参与细胞凋亡的调控过程,二者均可抑制骨肉瘤细胞凋亡;骨肉瘤组织中FLIP及NF-κB蛋白均呈过表达,对其发生、发展中起促进作用。

蟾毒灵通过下调c-Flip和XIAP增强TRAIL诱导的乳腺癌MDA-MB-231细胞凋亡

目的:研究蟾毒灵(bufalin)对TRAIL诱导乳腺癌MDA-MB-231细胞凋亡的的影响及机制。方法:MTT法测定细胞活力、采用流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡,免疫荧光实验检测DR4、DR5的表达情况,Western blot法检测c-Flip和XIAP蛋白的表达。结果:MTT结果显示bufalin作用于MDA-MB-231细胞后24h和48h的IC50分别为934nmol/L和513nmol/L。流式分析显示50nmol/L的bufalin作用24h仅诱导4.5%的MDA-MB-231细胞凋亡,100ng/ml的TRAIL作用24h诱导5.1%的MDA-MB-231细胞凋亡,50nmol/L的bufalin与100ng/ml的TRAIL联合作用24小时后可诱导32.5%的MDA-MB-231细胞凋亡。Western blot分析显示bufalin与TRAIL联合作用后导致c-Flip和XIAP的明显下调。结论:Bufalin可通过下调cFLIP和XIAP的表达增强TRAIL诱导的乳腺癌MDA-MB-231细胞凋亡。

FLIP基因在乳腺癌组织中表达的初步研究

目的:探讨FLIP基因(包括蛋白和mRNA水平)在乳腺癌组织中的表达及对乳腺癌生物学行为的影响。方法:采用免疫组化和荧光实时定量PCR技术,检测乳腺浸润性导管癌和正常乳腺组织中FLIP蛋白及mRNA的表达。结果:FLIPL/S蛋白在浸润性导管癌中的平均染色积分为6.13±0.34,在正常乳腺组织中的平均染色积分为2.68±0.30,两组有显著性差异(P<0.05)。FLIPL、FLIPS mRNA在浸润性导管癌中的含量均高于正常乳腺组织(P<0.05)。结论:FLIP在乳腺癌组织中高表达,可能通过阻断凋亡通路参与乳腺癌的发生。

c-FLIP(L)在乳腺癌中表达的意义及对凋亡的调节

目的:检测乳腺浸润性导管癌组织中c-FLIP(L)蛋白的表达,探讨c-FLIP(L)在乳腺癌中的临床病理意义,以及对乳腺癌细胞凋亡、增殖的影响。方法:收集116例乳腺浸润性导管癌标本,应用免疫组化技术分析c-FLIP(L)与乳腺癌临床病理因素的相关性。以TUNEL标记肿瘤细胞凋亡指数,Ki-67标记增殖指数,分析c-FLIP(L)与细胞凋亡、增殖的相关性。结果:c-FLIP(L)蛋白定位于浸润性导管癌癌细胞胞浆中,ER、PR、Ki-67定位于肿瘤细胞胞核,Her-2定位于肿瘤细胞胞膜,TUNEL染色定位于肿瘤细胞胞核。c-FLIP(L)蛋白高表达与患者低年龄(<35岁)、绝经前、未发生远处转移、较早的pTNM分期(Ⅰ～Ⅱ期)密切相关:与家族史、手术方式、肿瘤大小、淋巴结转移、组织学分级和肿瘤复发等临床病理因素不存在显著相关性。在总病例中,ER阳性64例(55.17%),PR阳性43例(37.07%),Her-2阳性19例(16.38%)。c-FLIP(L)高表达与ER、PR之间存在显著相关性(P<0.05),与Her-2表达无关。c-FLIP(L)蛋白表达与乳腺癌凋亡指数正相关(r=0.544,P<0.05),虽然呈现c-FLIP(L)表达越高增殖指数越低的趋势,但二者之间相关系数无统计学意义(r=0.148,P>0.05)。结论:在乳腺癌中,c-FLIP(L)阳性表达提示患者较为良好的临床预后,该因子可能直接或间接参与肿瘤细胞凋亡过程,具有进一步研究的价值。

FLIP在肺癌中的表达及其临床意义

目的 研究肺癌中FLIP的表达及其临床意义。方法 用免疫组化法检测 5 8例肺癌及 16例肺良性疾病组织中FLIP表达水平 ,并借助HPIAS 10 0 0图像分析系统对结果进行分析。结果 FLIP在肺癌组织中的表达为 81.0 3% ,明显高于肺良性病变组织 2 5 % ;FLIP表达水平与肺癌分期有关 ,但与病理类型、分化程度无关。结论 FLIP的过量表达在肺癌的发生发展中起重要作用。

FLIP、Smac和survivin蛋白在肺小细胞癌及低分化鳞癌中表达规律及预后相关性研究

目的:通过检测小细胞肺癌(small cell lung carcinoma,SCLC)和低分化鳞状细胞癌(poorly differentiated squamous-cell carcinoma,PDSCC)中FLICE抑制蛋白(FLICE inhibitory protein,FLIP)、促凋亡蛋白Smac(second mitochondrial activator of caspase,Smac)、抗凋亡因子survivin的表达,探讨小细胞肺癌及低分化鳞癌中FLIP、Smac和survivin蛋白的表达规律及其与临床病理指标及预后的关系,为临床诊断、治疗及预后判断提供新的理论依据。方法:应用免疫组化S-P法检测肺小细胞肺癌及低分化鳞状细胞癌中FLIP、Smac和survivin阳性表达;应用蛋白印记(Western blot)和逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)检测正常肺组织及两种癌组织中FLIP、Smac、survivin蛋白和mRNA表达水平。结果:73例肺癌患者1年生存率为64.5%。其中小细胞肺癌60.5%,低分化鳞状细胞癌68.6%。FLIP、Smac及survivin在小细胞肺癌及低分化鳞癌中的表达均与年龄、性别、是否吸烟及淋巴结转移无关(P>0.05),但Smac的表达与临床分期及生存率有关(P<0.05);Smac在正常组织表达显著高于癌组织(P<0.05);FLIP及survivin在正常组织中的表达显著低于癌组织(P<0.05)。结论:癌组织中Smac低表达提示低生存率,Smac可作为独立预后指标;FLIP、Smac和survivin联合检测有助于预后判断。

c-FLIP、bcl-xS和caspase-3在乳腺癌中的表达及其临床意义

目的:探讨c-FLIP、bcl-xS和caspase-3在乳腺癌发生发展中的意义。方法:采用RT-PCR技术检测57例浸润性乳腺癌组织和癌周组织中c-FLIP、bcl-xS和caspase-3表达及其与肿瘤临床特征之间的关系。结果:与癌周组织相比,乳腺癌组织中c-FLIP呈过表达,其阳性率及半定量测定均明显高于癌周组织;c-FLIP表达与肿瘤的组织分级之间有显著相关性,随组织分级增高表达升高。而bcl-xS和caspase-3低表达,其阳性率及半定量测定均明显低于癌周组织。随分级增高,bcl-xS表达下降,同时临床I期乳腺癌bcl-xS的表达阳性率明显高于Ⅱ期、Ⅲ期乳腺癌。结论:c-FLIP过表达、bcl-xS和caspase-3低表达是促进乳腺癌发生发展的因素之一,有望作为判断和监测乳腺癌预后的指标。

抑制c-FLIP_L表达增强rhTRAIL蛋白杀伤肺癌A549细胞的研究

目的:探讨抑制c-FLIPL表达增强rhTRAIL蛋白杀伤肺癌A549细胞株的可行性。方法:构建c-FLIPL序列特异性siRNAs表达载体并转染A549细胞抑制c-FLIPL基因表达,化学抑制剂他莫昔芬抑制c-FLIPL蛋白表达。RT-PCR和Western blot法检测c-FLIPL的mRNA和蛋白表达的变化。Western blot法检测caspase-8的活化情况。流式细胞仪检测A549细胞凋亡率,MTT法检测联合应用RNAi+rhTRAIL和他莫昔芬+rhTRAIL对A549细胞的杀伤活性。结果:特异性siRNA片段能显著降低A549细胞中c-FLIPL的mRNA水平和蛋白水平。他莫昔芬可以显著抑制c-FLIPL蛋白的表达。两者均可以实现caspase-8的活化,并促进rhTRAIL对A549细胞诱导凋亡作用,凋亡率从2.52%提高到64.5%和59.2%(P<0.05),他莫昔芬和siRNA均可显著促进rhTRAIL蛋白对A549细胞的增殖抑制作用,抑制率分别提高到73.2%和69.5%(P<0.05)。结论:靶向抑制FLIP蛋白表达能增加A549细胞对rhTRAIL诱导细胞凋亡的敏感性,有利于促进rhTRAIL蛋白在治疗NSCLC方面的研究应用。

OBE理念下基于Flipped Classroom和BOPPPS的物流工程专业英语教学模式设计

高等院校中开设物流工程专业英语课程存在要求记忆性的内容较多、学生英语水平又参差不齐、考核形式较为单一等问题,亟待改革教学模式的改革。在具体分析现有的东北林业大学物流工程专业英语课程现状和教学效果后,依据OBE(Outcome-Based Education)理念,提出采用将Flipped classroom(翻转课堂)和BOPPPS模型相结合,采取小班授课的方式,对授课模式重新设计,形成新的教学模式,增加在线课程学习平台的运用,并调整考核方式,以促进学生的知识内化过程,促进学习成果的产出,提升学生的专业能力,符合卓越工程师人才培养的需要。

针灸对急性带状疱疹患者血液c-FLIP表达的影响

目的:观察针灸对急性带状疱疹患者血液c-FLIP表达的影响,初步探讨其治疗带状疱疹的机制。方法:选择急性带状疱疹患者25例,随机分为药物治疗组(P组,n=13)和针灸治疗组(A组,n=12),选择12例正常人作为对照。P组采用抗病毒、营养神经和镇痛药物治疗,A组在相同药物治疗基础上加针灸治疗。比较两组患者治疗前、治疗后7 d VAS评分和皮疹愈合时间;Western-blot法检测c-FLIP表达,比较正常对照组与急性带状疱疹患者及两组患者治疗前、后血液c-FLIP表达情况。结果:两组患者治疗后VAS评分较治疗前均明显减少(P<0.01),治疗后组间VAS评分比较差异无统计学意义,A组皮疹愈合时间短于P组(P<0.01);急性带状疱疹患者c-FLIP表达比正常人表达明显降低(P<0.01),A组治疗后较治疗前表达升高(P<0.01),P组治疗前、后表达无明显变化。结论:针灸可以调节急性带状疱疹患者血液c-FLIP表达,促进皮疹愈合。这可能是针灸治疗带状疱疹的细胞免疫机制之一。