Gluon Saturation Model with Geometric Scaling for Net-Baryon Distributions in Relativistic Heavy Ion Collisions

The net-baryon number is essentially transported by valence quarks that probe the saturation regime in the target by multiple scattering. The net-baryon distributions, nuclear stopping power and gluon saturation features in the SPS and RHIC energy regions are investigated by taking advantage of the gluon saturation model with geometric scaling. Predications are made for the net-baryon rapidity distributions, mean rapidity loss and gluon saturation features in central Pb ＋ Pb collisions at LHC.

Gluonic Origin and Glueball Nature of Pomeron

The Pomeron-nucleon coupling vertex is theoretically derived from the fundamental theory of strong interaction QCD. The empirical vertex βγ^μF1 （t） used commonly in diffractive processes with a coupling strength β = 6.0 GeV^-1 is initially obtained from QCD theoretically. Our study not only reproduces the Pomeron-nucleon coupling from QCD but also clearly shows the gluonlc origin and glueball nature of Pomeron, which is a longstanding puzzle. From this investigation, we claim that Pomeron can be regarded as a Reggeized tensor glueball ζ（2230） with quantum numbers of I^GJ^PC = 0＋2＋＋. Since the tensor glueball ζ（2230） lies on the Pomeron trajectory αp（t = Mζ^2） = 2, the longstanding puzzle that no physical particle lies on the Pomeron trajectory, αp（t） = 1.08 ＋ 0.20 GeV^-2 .t, seems to be solved.

Bottomonium Spectrum and Decays with One Gluon Exchange Potential

The phenomenological non-relativistic quark model （NRQM） has been employed to obtain the masses of bottomonium states. In the frame work of NRQM an exhaustive study of radiative and leptonic decays has been made. The Hamiltonian used in the investigation has kinetic energy, confinement potentiM and one gluon exchange potential （OGEP）. An overall agreement is obtained with the experimental masses and decay widths.

On Quarks and Gluons

This article gives the potential energy function of quark in the gluon field, derives the wave function of quark in stationary state and the quark confinement and asymptotic freedom, shows that a quark is composed of two different color gluons, expounds the formation mechanism of the quark confinement and asymptotic freedom and the physical substance of “colors” of quark, and discusses the stability of hadrons in the end.

水性乳化聚合物Gluon900稳定砂性土的试验研究

通过挤压成型水性乳化聚合物Gluon900稳定砂性土试件,研究水性乳化聚合物Gluon900的掺量对强度的影响、含水率的变化以及含水率与强度的关系,并对水性乳化聚合物Gluon900环境性进行研究。结果表明:水性乳化聚合物Gluon900的掺量对强度的影响显著;在50…℃养生温度下,含水率变化呈现曲线型,3…d含水率只有12…%,7…d水分蒸发完全;含水率越小,强度越大;相比较水泥而言,水性乳化聚合物Gluon900对动植物的影响更小。水性乳化聚合物Gluon900也成功运用于道路铺筑,效果显著。

Gluon Propagator in a New Perturbative Expansion of Quantum Chromodynamics with a Non-Perturbative Background

Using a new perturbative expansion method in Quantum Chromodynamics with a non-perturbative gluon background, the gluon propagator is calculated up to the one-loop level, and renormalized in the modified minimal subtraction scheme. The resultant renormalization constants of the quantum gluon field and the gauge parameter receive a non-perturbative contribution coming from the gluon condensate <FF> besides the usual perturbative one, respectively.

Quark, Gluon, Odderon Contributions to Total Cross Section of Proton-Proton Elastic Scattering at High Energies

Based on the quark-gluon structure of nucleon and the existence of Odderon in nucleon via gluon selfinteraction, the elastic scattering of pp at high energies is studied. Our theoretical predictions reproduce experimental data perfectly. The contributions from individual terms of quark-quark, gluon-gluon interactions, quark-gluon interference and the Odderon terms to total cross section are analyzed. In addition to the leading quark-quark contribution, the Odderon contribution is quite important. In particular, the Odderon plays an essential role in fitting to data. Therefore, We may claim that the high energy pp and pp elastic scattering may be good processes to search for the Odderon, the three Reggeized gluon bound states.

Unquenched Effects and Quark Mass Dependence of Lattice Gluon Propagator in Infrared Region

In this paper, the gluon propagator in Landau gauge has been studied on a lattice, including the quenched and the unquenched one. The small geometry size of lattice we use is 16^3 × 32, and the big one is 20^3 × 64. For the quenched approximation, we fit the numerical results and give a little different fitting values. We also obtain unquenched effects by comparing the gluon propagator resulting from the quenched and unquenched configurations, for both the two-flavor and three-flavor cases. For the unquenched configurations, an obvious quark mass dependence has not been found in the small quark mass case, but is found in the three-flavor case when the quark mass is big.

Extraction of Structure Function and Gluon Distribution Function at Low-x from Cross Section Derivative by Regge Behavior

An approximation method based on Regge behavior is presented. This new methodrelates the reduced cross section derivative and the structure function Regge behavior at low x.With the use of this approximation method, the C and λ parameters are calcuiated from the HERAreduced cross section data taken at low-x. Also, we calculate the structure functions F_2(x, Q~2)even for low-x values, which have not been investigated. To test the validity of calculatedstructure functions, we find the gluon distribution function in the Leading order approximationbased on Regge behaviour of structure function and compare to the NLO QCD fit to H1 data and NLOparton distribution function.

Dependence of Quark Effective Mass on Gluon Propagators

Based on Dyson Schwinger Equations （DSEs） in the “rainbow” approximation, the dependence of quark effective mass on gluon propagator is investigated by use of three different phenomenological gluon propagators with two parameters, the strength parameter x and range parameter △. Our theoretical calculations for the quark effective mass Mf（p^2）, defined by the self-energy functions Af（p^2） and Bi（p%2） of the DSEs, show that the dynamically running quark effective mass is strongly dependent on gluon propagator. Therefore, because gluon propagator is completely unknown, the quark effective mass cannot be exactly determined theoretically.

Instanton Effects on Gluon Propagator

Gluon propagator is investigated for pure Yang-Mills SU(3) gauge theory in field-strength approach. It isfound that instantohs provide a homogeneous solid-like medium background which generates finite nonzero momentumgluon propagator and gluon receives effective mass.

Gluon Transport Properties in the Region of Coexistence of Both Hadronic and QGP Phases

The transport properties of gluon in color space in a system of coexistence of both hadronic and QGP phases are investigated from the quantum transport equation of gluon.

Analysis of the Diffractive Deep Inelastic Scattering Data with Running Coupling and Gluon Number Fluctuations

We study the effects of running coupling and gluon number fluctuations in the latest diffractive deep inelastic scattering data. It is found that the description of the data is improved once the running coupling and gluon number fluctuations are included with x2/d.o.f. = 0.867, x2/d.o.f. = 0.923 and x2/d.o.f. = 0.878 for three different groups of experimental data. The values of diffusive coefficient subtracted from the fit are smaller than the ones obtained by considering only the gluon number fluctuations in our previous studies. The smaller values of the diffusive coefficient are in agreement with the theoretical predictions, where the gluon number fluctuations are suppressed by the running coupling which leads to smaller values of the diffusive coefficient.

Calculation of Gluon Distribution Functions in Leading Order by Regge-like Behavior at Low-x

An approximate analytical form of the gluon distribution function from the derivative F2 proton structure function data at low-x assuming the Regge-like behavior of the gluon distribution function at this limit is presented. In this method, we calculate λ and C parameters for each low-x value at several Q^2 values using the scaling violation of the F2 proton structure function. For low-x, A is found to be independent of x within the experimental accuracy. We make use of the leading order Altarelli-Parisi （A-P） evolution equations in our analysis. To test the validity of our new determined gluon distribution functions, we compare them with the QCD parton distribution functions at low-x region.

Numerically Solving Quark-Loop Effects on Dressed Gluon Propagator in Chiral Limit

We do a numerical calculation on the quark-loop effects on the dressed gluon propagator in the chiral limit. It is found that the quark-loop effects on the dressed gluon propagator are significant in solving the quark propagator in the rainbow approximation of the Dyson-Schwinger equation. The approach we used here is quite general and can also be used to calculate both the chemical potential and current quark mass dependence of the dressed gluon propagator.

The Gluons in Particles

This article proves that the number of gluons is conserved in strong interaction and non-conserved in weak interaction by extending the idea that the quark is composed of gluons to other particles. It explains why the parity is non-conserved in weak interaction, why the fermions could be divided into the three generations, why the antiparticle of neutrino is itself and why the neutrino oscillation exists.

Interpretation of Dark Matter and Quark-Gluon Plasma: The Generation of the Periodic Table Elements and Its Phase Diagram: A Novel Millennium Power Plant

This paper presents a novel physical interpretation of the state of matter of the quark-gluon as the most fundamental building blocks in nature. Such a model is derived based on the assumption that dark matter and dark energy behave as a perfect ideal fluid at extremely high temperature. By the virtue of Boltzmann constant of the ideal gas law and NASA’s Cosmic Microwave Background Explorer (CMB) which estimate that the space has an average temperature close to 2.7251 Kelvin, then the equivalent mass-energy of the fundamental particle of the dark matter/dark energy is determined. Moreover, assuming a uniform space dark energy/dark matter density, then the critical temperature at which the dark matter has a unity entity per volume is identified as 64 × 1012 K. The calculated critical temperature of the quark-gluon plasma is found to be proportional to the temperature generated by colliding heavy ions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) and European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN). Moreover, the individual critical temperatures of the quark-gluon plasma matter at which the elements of the Periodic Table are generated are explicitly determined. The generation temperature trend of the elements of the Periodic Table groups and Periods is then demonstrated. Accordingly, the phase diagram of the quark-gluon state matter is proposed. Finally, a new model of quark-gluon power generation plant is proposed and aims to serve humanity with new energy sources in the new millennium.

Quark Loop Contribution to the Gluon Damping Rate in Hot QCD

The contribution of the quark loop to the gluon damping rate at zero momentum is calculated using the effective perturbative expansion technique developed by Braaten and Pisarski. It is shown that in the temperature range accessible in the present heavy-ion experiments, the contribution of the quark loop can not be ignored. The numerical results show that the quark loop provides ~n apparent contribution to the gluon damping rate at temperatures of experimental interest.

Analysis of the Longitudinal Structure Function F_L from the Non-linear Regge Gluon Density Behavior at Low-x

The longitudinal structure function with shadowing correction according to the nonlinear effects of the gluon density behavior at low x is considered. The solution of the GLR-MQ evolution equation for the gluon density shows that the FL^g（x, Q2） behavior can be tamed by the singularity at low x values. Comparing our results with H1 data at R=4 GeV-1 shows that at very low x this behavior is completely tamed by taking shadowing correction into account.

Photon Emission from Quark Gluon Plasma at RHIC and LHC

We work on photon production through annihilation and Compton, and annihilation with scattering (AWS) processes through a quark-gluon plasma (QGP) in high energy nuclear collision incorporating the parametrization factors in strong coupling value and thermal dependent quark mass obtained through a coupling value. We find that photon yield increases with the increasing of the temperature and dominated by early times. We also compare the influence of coupling value on the spectrum of thermal photons. The production rate of photons is observed in the range of low and intermediate transverse momentum. The results are compared with other work.