随着市场竞争的日趋激烈,基础设施即服务(IaaS:Infrastructure as a Service)提供商要在竞争中胜出,很大程度上取决于其对产品的合理定价。考察一个拥有两种互补云计算资源的IaaS提供商,针对预留类产品的三种销售模式(单独销售、捆绑销...随着市场竞争的日趋激烈,基础设施即服务(IaaS:Infrastructure as a Service)提供商要在竞争中胜出,很大程度上取决于其对产品的合理定价。考察一个拥有两种互补云计算资源的IaaS提供商,针对预留类产品的三种销售模式(单独销售、捆绑销售和混合销售),比较不同模式下的最优定价和IaaS提供商的利润情况。研究表明:(1)对于IaaS提供商而言,选择混合销售时利润最大,若其只能选择非混合销售,则当资源间互补性较强、且用户对捆绑折扣价格较为敏感时,选择捆绑销售,否则选择单独销售。(2)对于用户而言,捆绑产品用户最偏好捆绑销售,非捆绑产品用户最偏好混合销售。(3)灵敏度分析的结果表明,当资源间互补系数越小时,IaaS提供商的利润越大,混合销售的盈利优势越不明显。展开更多
Auxin plays a crucial role in all aspects of plant growth and development.Auxin can induce the rapid and efficient expression of some genes,which are named auxin early response genes(AERGs),mainly including the three ...Auxin plays a crucial role in all aspects of plant growth and development.Auxin can induce the rapid and efficient expression of some genes,which are named auxin early response genes(AERGs),mainly including the three families:auxin/indole-3-acetic acid(Aux/IAA),Gretchen Hagen 3(GH3),and small auxin-up RNA(SAUR).Aux/IAA encodes the Aux/IAA protein,which is a negative regulator of auxin response.Aux/IAA and auxin response factor(ARF)form a heterodimer and participate in a variety of physiological processes through classical or non-classical auxin signaling pathways.The GH3 encodes auxin amide synthetase,which catalyzes the binding of auxin to acyl-containing small molecule substrates(such as amino acids and jasmonic acid),and regulates plant growth and stresses by regulating auxin homeostasis.SAURs is a class of small auxin up-regulated RNAs.SAUR response to auxin is complex,and the process may occur at the transcriptional,post-transcriptional and protein levels.With the development of multi-omics,significant progress has been made in the study of Aux/IAA,GH3,and SAUR genes,but there are still many unknowns.This review offers insight into the characteristics of Aux/IAA,GH3,and SAUR gene families,and their roles in roots,hypocotyls,leaves,leaf inclinations,flowers,seed development,stress response,and phytohormone crosstalk,and provides clues for future research on phytohormone signaling and the molecular design breeding of crops.展开更多
Subgroup 4(Sg4)members of the R2R3-MYB are generally known as negative regulators of the phenylpropanoid pathway in plants.Our previous research showed that a R2R3-MYB Sg4 member from Camellia sinensis(CsMYB4a)inhibit...Subgroup 4(Sg4)members of the R2R3-MYB are generally known as negative regulators of the phenylpropanoid pathway in plants.Our previous research showed that a R2R3-MYB Sg4 member from Camellia sinensis(CsMYB4a)inhibits expression of some genes in the phenylpropanoid pathway,but its physiological function in the tea plant remained unknown.Here,CsMYB4a was found to be highly expressed in anther and filaments,and participated in regulating filament growth.Transcriptome analysis and exogenous auxin treatment showed that the target of CsMYB4a might be the auxin signal pathway.Auxin/indole-3-acetic acid 4(AUX/IAA4),a repressor in auxin signal transduction,was detected from a yeast two-hybrid screen using CsMYB4a as bait.Gene silencing assays showed that both CsIAA4 and CsMYB4a regulate filament growth.Tobacco plants overexpressing CsIAA4 were insensitive to exogenous a-NAA,consistent with overexpression of CsMYB4a.Protein-protein interaction experiments revealed that CsMYB4a interacts with N-terminal of CsIAA4 to prevent CsIAA4 degradation.Knock out of the endogenous NtIAA4 gene,a CsIAA4 homolog,in tobacco alleviated filament growth inhibition and a-NAA insensitivity in plants overexpressing CsMYB4a.All results strongly suggest that CsMYB4a works synergistically with CsIAA4 and participates in regulation of the auxin pathway in stamen.展开更多
2024年3月6日-8日,第45届IAA世界广告大会时隔五年重磅回归,在马来西亚槟城(Penang,Malaysia)举行。本次大会以“品牌:重构解码--更美好的世界,更美好的生活”为主题,汇聚了来自50多个国家、超过1000位营销传播大咖。大会伊始,第45届IA...2024年3月6日-8日,第45届IAA世界广告大会时隔五年重磅回归,在马来西亚槟城(Penang,Malaysia)举行。本次大会以“品牌:重构解码--更美好的世界,更美好的生活”为主题,汇聚了来自50多个国家、超过1000位营销传播大咖。大会伊始,第45届IAA世界广告大会组委会主席约翰·查科(John D Chacko)详细介绍了为期三天的大会日程,突出强调了本届大会内容的多样性和全球意义。展开更多
文摘随着市场竞争的日趋激烈,基础设施即服务(IaaS:Infrastructure as a Service)提供商要在竞争中胜出,很大程度上取决于其对产品的合理定价。考察一个拥有两种互补云计算资源的IaaS提供商,针对预留类产品的三种销售模式(单独销售、捆绑销售和混合销售),比较不同模式下的最优定价和IaaS提供商的利润情况。研究表明:(1)对于IaaS提供商而言,选择混合销售时利润最大,若其只能选择非混合销售,则当资源间互补性较强、且用户对捆绑折扣价格较为敏感时,选择捆绑销售,否则选择单独销售。(2)对于用户而言,捆绑产品用户最偏好捆绑销售,非捆绑产品用户最偏好混合销售。(3)灵敏度分析的结果表明,当资源间互补系数越小时,IaaS提供商的利润越大,混合销售的盈利优势越不明显。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32060451 and 32372073)the Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia(2022ZD11)+1 种基金the Science-Technology Plan Project of Inner Mongolia(2023YFDZ0007)Applied Technology Research and Development Foundation of Inner Mongolia(2021PT0001).
文摘Auxin plays a crucial role in all aspects of plant growth and development.Auxin can induce the rapid and efficient expression of some genes,which are named auxin early response genes(AERGs),mainly including the three families:auxin/indole-3-acetic acid(Aux/IAA),Gretchen Hagen 3(GH3),and small auxin-up RNA(SAUR).Aux/IAA encodes the Aux/IAA protein,which is a negative regulator of auxin response.Aux/IAA and auxin response factor(ARF)form a heterodimer and participate in a variety of physiological processes through classical or non-classical auxin signaling pathways.The GH3 encodes auxin amide synthetase,which catalyzes the binding of auxin to acyl-containing small molecule substrates(such as amino acids and jasmonic acid),and regulates plant growth and stresses by regulating auxin homeostasis.SAURs is a class of small auxin up-regulated RNAs.SAUR response to auxin is complex,and the process may occur at the transcriptional,post-transcriptional and protein levels.With the development of multi-omics,significant progress has been made in the study of Aux/IAA,GH3,and SAUR genes,but there are still many unknowns.This review offers insight into the characteristics of Aux/IAA,GH3,and SAUR gene families,and their roles in roots,hypocotyls,leaves,leaf inclinations,flowers,seed development,stress response,and phytohormone crosstalk,and provides clues for future research on phytohormone signaling and the molecular design breeding of crops.
基金This work was financially supported by the joint funds of National Natural Science Foundation of China(U21A20232)the Natural Science Foundation of China(32072621,32002088,31870676)Collegiate Collaborative Innovation Foundation of Anhui Province(GXXT-2020-081).
文摘Subgroup 4(Sg4)members of the R2R3-MYB are generally known as negative regulators of the phenylpropanoid pathway in plants.Our previous research showed that a R2R3-MYB Sg4 member from Camellia sinensis(CsMYB4a)inhibits expression of some genes in the phenylpropanoid pathway,but its physiological function in the tea plant remained unknown.Here,CsMYB4a was found to be highly expressed in anther and filaments,and participated in regulating filament growth.Transcriptome analysis and exogenous auxin treatment showed that the target of CsMYB4a might be the auxin signal pathway.Auxin/indole-3-acetic acid 4(AUX/IAA4),a repressor in auxin signal transduction,was detected from a yeast two-hybrid screen using CsMYB4a as bait.Gene silencing assays showed that both CsIAA4 and CsMYB4a regulate filament growth.Tobacco plants overexpressing CsIAA4 were insensitive to exogenous a-NAA,consistent with overexpression of CsMYB4a.Protein-protein interaction experiments revealed that CsMYB4a interacts with N-terminal of CsIAA4 to prevent CsIAA4 degradation.Knock out of the endogenous NtIAA4 gene,a CsIAA4 homolog,in tobacco alleviated filament growth inhibition and a-NAA insensitivity in plants overexpressing CsMYB4a.All results strongly suggest that CsMYB4a works synergistically with CsIAA4 and participates in regulation of the auxin pathway in stamen.
文摘2024年3月6日-8日,第45届IAA世界广告大会时隔五年重磅回归,在马来西亚槟城(Penang,Malaysia)举行。本次大会以“品牌:重构解码--更美好的世界,更美好的生活”为主题,汇聚了来自50多个国家、超过1000位营销传播大咖。大会伊始,第45届IAA世界广告大会组委会主席约翰·查科(John D Chacko)详细介绍了为期三天的大会日程,突出强调了本届大会内容的多样性和全球意义。
