Even Search in a Promising Region for Constrained Multi-Objective Optimization

In recent years, a large number of approaches to constrained multi-objective optimization problems(CMOPs) have been proposed, focusing on developing tweaked strategies and techniques for handling constraints. However, an overly finetuned strategy or technique might overfit some problem types,resulting in a lack of versatility. In this article, we propose a generic search strategy that performs an even search in a promising region. The promising region, determined by obtained feasible non-dominated solutions, possesses two general properties.First, the constrained Pareto front(CPF) is included in the promising region. Second, as the number of feasible solutions increases or the convergence performance(i.e., approximation to the CPF) of these solutions improves, the promising region shrinks. Then we develop a new strategy named even search,which utilizes the non-dominated solutions to accelerate convergence and escape from local optima, and the feasible solutions under a constraint relaxation condition to exploit and detect feasible regions. Finally, a diversity measure is adopted to make sure that the individuals in the population evenly cover the valuable areas in the promising region. Experimental results on 45 instances from four benchmark test suites and 14 real-world CMOPs have demonstrated that searching evenly in the promising region can achieve competitive performance and excellent versatility compared to 11 most state-of-the-art methods tailored for CMOPs.

Seed Germination and Vegetative Propagation of Promising Decorative Lonicera tatarica L. (Caprifoliaceae Juss.), Introduced into the Tashkent Botanical Garden (Uzbekistan)

Seed germination (in laboratory and field conditions) and vegetative reproduction (by cuttings) of a promising decorative species—Lonicera tatarica L. (Caprifoliaceae Juss.) was studied for the first time in the conditions of introduction of the Tashkent Botanical Garden of Uzbekistan. Thus, the optimal temperature for germination of L. tatarica seeds in laboratory conditions is +20°C + 22°C, at which germination was 73%. The germination rate of seeds sown in autumn in the field was 62%, and the germination rate of seeds sown in spring was 71%. It was noted that in greenhouse conditions at an air temperature of 20°C - 22°C and a relative humidity of 49% - 53%, the rootability of cuttings was 75%. It was revealed that the studied species adapted well to the conditions of introduction. Taking into account the effectiveness of vegetative reproduction of L. tatarica, it can be recommended for improving the aesthetic condition and landscaping of cities, landscaping and landscape design.

Soil formation in bauxite residue: The most promising way to large-scale and ecological disposal

Aluminum is an important basic raw material for national economic development.The alumina industry has been expanding rapidly due to the increasing demand for aluminum.Bauxite residue is a highly alkaline solid by-product generated when alumina is extracted from bauxite ore in alumina refineries[1,2].

Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor modifications: a promising strategy to delay the progression of Alzheimer's disease

Alzheimer＇s disease （AD）, a fatal, progressive, neurodegener- ative disorder, is the most common cause of old-age demen- tia, accounting for 50-75% of dementia patients. Early stages of AD are marked by vocabulary shrinkage, spatial disori- entation, depression, apraxia, and deterioration of recent forms of declarative memory. In course of time, the patients require close supervision due to the loss of cognitive and functional abilities, and at the terminal stages of the disease, all forms of memory are severely impaired with the patients needing nursing home care （World Alzheimer Report, 2013）.

Minimally manipulated autologous adherent bone marrow cells (ABMCs):a promising cell therapy of spinal cord injury

Spinal cord injury（SCI）is a devastating ailment that results in drastic life style alterations for the patients and their family members（Mc Donald and Sadowsky,2002）.Damage post injury causes necrosis,edema,hemorrhage and vasospasm.Post injury,secondary damage is caused by ischemia,

In search for novel strategies towards neuroprotection and neuroregeneration: is PPARα a promising therapeutic target?

Peroxisome proliferator activated receptors： In the early 1990s, seminal work on rodent liver demonstrated that the hypolipidemic effect of xenobiotics, referred to as peroxisome proliferators, was mediated by a member of steroid hormone receptor superfamily, thus designated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors （PPARs） （Issemann and Green, 1990; Dreyer et al., 1992）. The research field opened by this discovery led to the identification of three isotypes, namely PPARa （NR1C1）, PPAR[3/6 （NRIC2）, PPARy （NRIC3）, in a wide range of tissues. All these receptors act as ligand-activated transcription factors, binding lipid molecules with different, though overlapping, specificity.

The kallikrein-kinin system: a promising therapeutic target for traumatic brain injury

Traumatic brain injury （TBI）, which results from an outside force causing mechanical disruption of brain tissue, is potentially life-threatening and therefore a critical public health problem throughout the world. In the USA, approximately 1.7 million individuals per year sustain a TBI, and about 43% of patients hospitalized because of TBI develop long-term physical disability as well as psychological disorders,

Genetically modified human umbilical cord blood cells as a promising strategy for treatment of spinal cord injury

Spinal cord injury （SCI） continues to be a pressing health and social problem. The injury leads to neuronal and glial cell death accompanied by degeneration of nerve fibers. There are currently no particularly effective treatments. SCI causes profound disabil- ity of people affected and has attracted increased attention in the international field of neuroregeneration. For the past two decades, much hope has been placed in cell therapies for the restoration of both structure and function of the injured spinal cord. Embryonic and neural stem cells, olfactory ensheathing cells, microglia-like cells, Schwann cells, mesenchymal stem cells.

Relay strategies combined with axon regeneration: a promising approach to restore spinal cord injury

For decades, numerous investigations have only focused on axon regeneration to restore function after traumatic spinal cord injury （SCI）, as interrupted neuronal pathways have to be reconnected for sensorimotor and autonomic recovery to occur. Experimental approaches have ranged from drug delivery and cell transplantation to genetic manipulations. Certainly, it would be an extraordinary achievement for injured axons to regenerate over long distances, to form synapses with target neurons, and to result in dramatic functional improvement. However, these efforts have been rewarded with limited success to date suggesting that axon regeneration alone may be insufficient to repair compromised functions.

Forecasting promising technology using analysis of patent information:Focused on next generation mobile communications

In order to forecast promising technologies in the field of next generation mobile communication, various patent indicators were analyzed such as citation per patent, patent family information, patent share, increase rate, and patent activity. These indicators were quantified into several indexes and then integrated into an evaluation score to provide promising technologies. As a result of the suggested patent analysis, four technologies out of twenty two in details classification were selected, which showed outstanding technology competitiveness, high patent share and increasing rates as well as high recent-patent-ratios and triad-patent-family-ratios. Each of the selected technologies scored more than 10 points in total, and the following four technologies were suggested as promising ones in the field of next generation mobile communication: 1) 3GPP based mobile communication, 2) beyond 4G mobile communication, 3) IEEE 802.16 based mobile communication, which are in medium classification of broadband mobile communication system, and 4) testing/certification system of mobile communication, which is in medium classification of mobile communication testing/certification system.

Cottonseed Oil as Promising Biodiesel in Future

With recent increases in petroleum prices,there is renewed interest in vegetable oil and their derivatives as alternative fuels for diesel engines.There are more than 350 oil-bearing crops identified,

Combination of tumor-associated regulatory T cell deletion and PD-1/PD-L1 blockade: A promising immunotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma?

During the past decades,the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)has been limited to surgical resection and liver transplantation,but the prognosis is still poor.Recently,tumor immunotherapy,particularly immune checkpoints programmed cell death-1/programmed cell death ligand-1(PD-1/PD-L1)blockade,brings a breakthrough for HCC[1,2].However,anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy is not satisfactory and the response rates were between 20%and 30%[3].How to improve the efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1blockade is the main issue.

Self-assembling peptide nanofibrous hydrogel as a promising strategy in nerve repair after traumatic injury in the nervous system

Following injury in central nervous system（CNS）,there are pathological changes in the injured region,which include neuronal death,axonal damage and demyelination,inflammatory response and activation of glial cells.The proliferation of a large number of astrocytes results in the formation of glial scar.

Michelle Lee： A Promising Star

MICELLE LEE李霄云，2009年“快乐女声”全国亚军，以其低缓而富有磁性的嗓音赢得了无数歌迷的喜爱。本文小作者就是她的忠实FANS，来看看小作者眼中的MICHELLE LEE是怎样的吧！

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: promising therapeutic outcome–not far away?

Dear editors,Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis（ALS）is a neurodegenerative disease.It affects motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord resulting in bulbar palsy and respiratory failure.It also causes weakness of limbs.The disease usually progresses to fatal outcome within 2-4 years.Neural stem cell research for diagnosis and treatment of neurodegenerative disorders is highly promising.

Safflower Evaluation under Contrasted Environment Conditions and Selection of Promising Genotypes

Development of stable crops cultivars adapted to environmental constraints is very important for food security. Safflower, an oilseed crop which tolerates environmental abiotic stresses, is suitable for marginal lands relatively dry and deprived from fertilizer inputs or irrigation. A set of Moroccan and introduced cultivars as well as international accessions were conducted at Oujda （Eastern of Morocco） during 2009-2010 for late and conventional sowing under two water regimes, in a field experiment using a completely randomized design, with three replications. The objective was to evaluate the effect of genotype and contrasting environment on safflower behavior and to select genotypes with large adaptation to the contrasted environmental conditions. Morphological, physiological and agronomic traits, as well as the stress susceptibility index （SSI）, were recorded in this study. Results showed significant effect of genotype, year （sowing time）, water regime and their interaction on most of the studied parameters. Late sowing and drought affected negatively all the parameters except seed oil which lightly increased under drought stress. Number of heads per plant （NHP） had the strongest association with seed yield under both drought and non-drought conditions, and hence could be taken as selection criterion for safflower seed yield improvement. Five accessions showed the highest overall mean seed yield （~ 1,000 kg/ha） and four accessions exhibited the highest overall mean seed oil content （〉 310 g/kg）. For late sowing, the accessions P1262421 and PI537604 produced the highest seed yield （〉 800 kg/ha） and the highest seed oil content （〉 290 g/kg）. For conventional sowing, the accessions PI250076 and PI250523 were the most performant, with a seed yield 〉 1,300 kg/ha and a seed oil content 〉 330 g/kg. Based on their mean productivity across environments, their SSI and their MDA, P1271073 and P1250076 could be selected and used as promising germplasm in safflower breeding program in Morocco as well as other dry areas throughout the world.

Membrane resealing as a promising strategy for early treatment of neurotrauma

Traumatic injuries to the central nervous system （CNS）, in- cluding traumatic brain injury （TBI） and spinal cord injury （SCI）, often involve an immediate mechanical damage to plas- ma membrane that surrounds neuronal sornata and axons. This initial disruption of plasma membrane following injuries has been convincingly demonstrated by increased membrane permeability to large molecules and dyes that are normally inaccessible to cellular plasma （Farkas et al., 2006; Cho and Borgens, 2012）. Further evidence comes from experiments that showed ultra-structural changes of plasma membranes, axons, and organelles, and subsequent neuronal death and axotomy （Povlishock and Pettus, 1996; Whalen et al., 2008）.

The Introduction of Promising Mineral Zones Bidkhan Area Using Satellite Imagery

On the basis of new findings and some evidences related to porphyry mineralization, the exploration region of Bidkhan is considered as a promising mineral region for discovery of porphyry sort deposits. The findings from various sections indicate that diverse topological events in a zonal and regional time span have resulted in physiochemical (thermodynamic) systems leading to expansive alterations (metamorphism) and mineralization in the central region of Bidkhan area. Alterations such as Propylitic, Silicating, Argillic, Phyllic and even Potassic concentrates at an area of about 10 km2 together with such structures as fissures have created the required and suitable condition for the formation of thermodynamic systems. Such systems are related to mineralization fluids mineralizer that accompanies the sort of activities that are clearly indicative of the existence of an active igneous source all forming a terrene at Bidkhan region which is very similar to mineralization porphyry systems.

Bone morphogenetic protein signaling：a promising target for white matter protection in perinatal brain injury

Prematurely born newborns,as well as those born at term,may suffer from several types of brain injury including hypoxic-ischemic injury,intracranial hemorrhage,both intraventricular and parenchymal,and injury that is the consequence of intrauterine growth restriction（IUGR）.Injury of all types can impact the motor and cognitive abilities of survivors.The mechanisms leading to disability are not completely understood.

Promising Peanut Lines in Northeastern Philippines

Peanut or ground nut (Arachis hypogea L.) is one of the food legumes with commercial importance in the Philippines grown by farmers (with small landholdings) in most parts of the country. However, one of the major constraints to peanut is the lack of supply of good stocks coupled with modern production technology. To alleviate this problem especially in those areas planted to this crop is the development of improved lines, their evaluation to different locations and their maintenance for sustained production. Thus, the project aimed to adapt, evaluate, select and identify high yielding, disease-resistant and other desirable characters of peanut in northeastern Philippines particularly at Mariano Marcos State University (MMSU), Dingras, Ilocos Norte, conducted from July 2014 to May 2015. The different lines of peanut were arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) replicated four times. Optimum cultural requirements from planting to harvesting were followed to permit expressions of the genetic potential of the different lines of the crop. During wet and dry season trials, results revealed significant differences in all treatments relative to pod and seed yield, seed size, shelling percentage and plant height except number of pods per plant, and days to flower and mature. The lines ICGV 00337, ICGV 95111, and ICGV 98371 out yielded the remaining seven peanut lines registering a pod yield of 1,860 to 1,020 kg/ha and had a yield advantage of 73% to 58.9%, respectively over the check variety Ilocos Red. Growing peanut in northeastern Philippines can approximately give an income ranging from Php87,120 to Php93,960 per hectare with a benefit/cost ratio of 2.02 to 2.19.