Background: Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has research evidence that it can reduce symptoms of depression. Flow FL-100 is a transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) device self-administered by a...Background: Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has research evidence that it can reduce symptoms of depression. Flow FL-100 is a transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) device self-administered by a patient at home in combination with a software application that delivers wellbeing behaviour therapy training. Purpose/aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate if Flow can be introduced to a Crisis Resolution & Home Treatment (CRT) service and the impact of Flow in treating depression. The study addresses the questions: 1) “what are the depression reliable improvement and remission rates?” and 2) “can Flow significantly reduce depressive symptoms and improve real world functioning (every-day, social and occupational functioning) and health-related quality of life?”. Methods: An open-label patient cohort design with no control group. Pre-intervention and 6-week follow-up intervention assessments using the participant self-report measures: Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), Work and Social Adjustment Scale (WSAS), and EuroQol five-dimension (EQ-5D-5L). Participants were 49 CRT patients, 19 males and 30 females, with an age range of 20 to 66 years, and average age of 42 years. Results: PHQ-9 reliable improvement and remission rates were 57.1% and 14.3%. PHQ-9 scores significantly improved, from 23.1 (SD 3.44) to 14.8 (SD 6.82) at 6 weeks, with a large effect size. PHQ-9 suicide/self-harm related question significantly improved from 2.51 (SD 0.77) to 1.08 (SD 1.17), with a large effect size. WSAS scores significantly improved, from 33.6 (SD 5.22) to 21.9 (SD 10.82) at 6 weeks, with a large effect size. EQ-5D-5L results showed significant improvements in the health index score, global assessment of health EQ-VAS from 34.2 (22.26) to 51.6 (24.95), and three EQ-5D-5L dimensions (“self-care”, “usual activity”, and “anxiety/depression”). Conclusion: A CRT service effectively integrated Flow tDCS treatment. Flow was beneficial in terms of improving functioning and quality of life and reducing depression symptoms and thoughts of suicide/self-harm. Flow FL100 tDCS and wellbeing behaviour therapy training could be offered through all CRT services to treat depression, reduce thoughts of suicide/self-harm, enable better functioning, and improve quality of life.展开更多
精密的时间作为科研和工程技术等方面的基本物理参量,其测量的基本手段是精密时间一数字转换电路(Time—to-Time Digital Converter,简称TDC).当前主流的TDC实现方法(“粗”时间测量加”细”时间测量)能达到亚纳秒的时间分辨率...精密的时间作为科研和工程技术等方面的基本物理参量,其测量的基本手段是精密时间一数字转换电路(Time—to-Time Digital Converter,简称TDC).当前主流的TDC实现方法(“粗”时间测量加”细”时间测量)能达到亚纳秒的时间分辨率,但很难实现一致性很好的精确时间延时,误差较大.基于FPGA具有丰富专用进位连线的资源,对利用现场可编程逻辑器件FPGA中的专用进位连线实现时间内插链,从而实现精密TDC设计,灵活性好,成本低.并对TDC进行了时序仿真,测量的精度可达70ps,取得了一致性很好的精确时间延时.展开更多
在精密时频测控领域中,高分辨率、无死区的时间间隔和频率测量非常关键,而时间数字转换器(Time to Digital Converter,TDC)是时间频率测量的常用手段。该文研制了基于ACAM公司生产的时间数字转换芯片TDC-GP21和Altera公司FPGA芯片EP4CE6...在精密时频测控领域中,高分辨率、无死区的时间间隔和频率测量非常关键,而时间数字转换器(Time to Digital Converter,TDC)是时间频率测量的常用手段。该文研制了基于ACAM公司生产的时间数字转换芯片TDC-GP21和Altera公司FPGA芯片EP4CE6E22C8N的时间频率测量设备,实现了高分辨率的时间间隔测量,测量分辨率达到13ps。同时采用时间间隔测量模块两两组合的方式实现了无死区频率测量,创新性地采用每组3个TDC芯片,共4组搭建了时间频率测量系统,并对组内3个TDC芯片测量结果采用平均值滤波法,使频率测量稳定度达到1.1 ×10^(-11)@1 s,5.6 × 10^(-15)@10000 s,与商用K+K FXE频率计数器指标相当。本设备具有体积小、无需校准、成本低等优点,能够广泛应用到高精度时间间隔和精密频率测量领域中。展开更多
文摘Background: Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has research evidence that it can reduce symptoms of depression. Flow FL-100 is a transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) device self-administered by a patient at home in combination with a software application that delivers wellbeing behaviour therapy training. Purpose/aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate if Flow can be introduced to a Crisis Resolution & Home Treatment (CRT) service and the impact of Flow in treating depression. The study addresses the questions: 1) “what are the depression reliable improvement and remission rates?” and 2) “can Flow significantly reduce depressive symptoms and improve real world functioning (every-day, social and occupational functioning) and health-related quality of life?”. Methods: An open-label patient cohort design with no control group. Pre-intervention and 6-week follow-up intervention assessments using the participant self-report measures: Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), Work and Social Adjustment Scale (WSAS), and EuroQol five-dimension (EQ-5D-5L). Participants were 49 CRT patients, 19 males and 30 females, with an age range of 20 to 66 years, and average age of 42 years. Results: PHQ-9 reliable improvement and remission rates were 57.1% and 14.3%. PHQ-9 scores significantly improved, from 23.1 (SD 3.44) to 14.8 (SD 6.82) at 6 weeks, with a large effect size. PHQ-9 suicide/self-harm related question significantly improved from 2.51 (SD 0.77) to 1.08 (SD 1.17), with a large effect size. WSAS scores significantly improved, from 33.6 (SD 5.22) to 21.9 (SD 10.82) at 6 weeks, with a large effect size. EQ-5D-5L results showed significant improvements in the health index score, global assessment of health EQ-VAS from 34.2 (22.26) to 51.6 (24.95), and three EQ-5D-5L dimensions (“self-care”, “usual activity”, and “anxiety/depression”). Conclusion: A CRT service effectively integrated Flow tDCS treatment. Flow was beneficial in terms of improving functioning and quality of life and reducing depression symptoms and thoughts of suicide/self-harm. Flow FL100 tDCS and wellbeing behaviour therapy training could be offered through all CRT services to treat depression, reduce thoughts of suicide/self-harm, enable better functioning, and improve quality of life.
文摘精密的时间作为科研和工程技术等方面的基本物理参量,其测量的基本手段是精密时间一数字转换电路(Time—to-Time Digital Converter,简称TDC).当前主流的TDC实现方法(“粗”时间测量加”细”时间测量)能达到亚纳秒的时间分辨率,但很难实现一致性很好的精确时间延时,误差较大.基于FPGA具有丰富专用进位连线的资源,对利用现场可编程逻辑器件FPGA中的专用进位连线实现时间内插链,从而实现精密TDC设计,灵活性好,成本低.并对TDC进行了时序仿真,测量的精度可达70ps,取得了一致性很好的精确时间延时.
文摘在精密时频测控领域中,高分辨率、无死区的时间间隔和频率测量非常关键,而时间数字转换器(Time to Digital Converter,TDC)是时间频率测量的常用手段。该文研制了基于ACAM公司生产的时间数字转换芯片TDC-GP21和Altera公司FPGA芯片EP4CE6E22C8N的时间频率测量设备,实现了高分辨率的时间间隔测量,测量分辨率达到13ps。同时采用时间间隔测量模块两两组合的方式实现了无死区频率测量,创新性地采用每组3个TDC芯片,共4组搭建了时间频率测量系统,并对组内3个TDC芯片测量结果采用平均值滤波法,使频率测量稳定度达到1.1 ×10^(-11)@1 s,5.6 × 10^(-15)@10000 s,与商用K+K FXE频率计数器指标相当。本设备具有体积小、无需校准、成本低等优点,能够广泛应用到高精度时间间隔和精密频率测量领域中。