Abbreviated Report of the WHO Western Pacific Region Workshop on National Plans of Action for Nutrition: Key Elements for Success, Constraints and Future Plans

A workshop on National Plans of Action for Nutrition: Constraints, Key Elements for Success, and Future Plans was convened and organized by the WHO Regional Office for the Western Pacific in collaboration with the Institute for Medical Research Malaysia and co sponsored with FAO and UNICEF from 25—29 October 1999. It was attended by representatives of 25 countries in the region and resource persons, representatives from WHO and other international agencies. The objectives of the workshop were to review the progress of countries in developing, implementing and monitoring national plans of action for nutrition (NPANs) in the Western Pacific Region and to identify constraints and key elements of success in these efforts. Most of the countries have NPANs, either approved and implemented or awaiting official endorsement. The Plan formulation is usually multisectoral, involving several government ministries, non governmental organizations, and international agencies. Often official adoption or endorsement of the Plan comes from the head of state and cabinet or the minister of health, one to six years from the start of its formulation. The NPAN has stimulated support for the development and implementation of nutrition projects and activities, with comparatively greater involvement of and more support from government ministries, UN agencies and non-governmental agencies compared to local communities, bilateral and private sectors and research and academic institutions. Monitoring and evaluation are important components of NPANs. They are, however, not given high priority and often not built into the plan. The role of an intersectoral coordinating body is considered crucial to a country's nutrition program. Most countries have an intersectoral structure or coordinating body to ensure the proper implementation, monitoring and evaluation of their NPANs. The workshop identified the constraints and key elements of success in each of the four stages of the NPAN process: development, operationalization, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation. Constraints to the NPAN process relate to the political and socioeconomic environment, resource scarcity, control and management processes, and factors related to sustainability. The group's review of NPAN identified successful NPANs as those based on recent, adequate and good quality information on the nutritional situation of the country, and on the selection of strategies, priorities and interventions that are relevant to the country and backed up by adequate resources. Continued high level political commitment, a multisectoral approach, and adequate participation of local communities are other key elements for success. The participants agreed on future actions and support needed from various sources for the further development, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of their NPANs. The recommendations for future actions were categorized into actions pertaining to countries with working NPAN, actions for countries without working NPAN and actions relevant to all countries. There was also a set of suggested actions at the regional level, such as holding of regular regional NPAN evaluation meetings, inclusion of NPAN on the agenda of regional fora by the regional organizations, and strengthening of regional nutrition networks.

Towards consistent machine translation of abbreviated terms in scientific literature

Scientific literature often contains abbreviated terms in English for brief.Machine translation(MT)systems can help to share knowledge in different languages among researchers.Current MT systems may translate the same abbreviated term in different sentences into different target terms.MT systems translate the abbreviated term in two ways:one is to use translation of the full name,the other is to use the abbreviated term directly.Abbreviated terms may be ambiguous and polysemous,and MT systems do not have an explicit strategy to decide which way to use without context information.To get the consistent translation for abbreviated terms in scientific literature,this paper proposes a translation model for abbreviated terms that integrates context information to get consistent translation of abbreviated terms.The context information includes the positions of abbreviated term and domain attributes of scientific literature.The first abbreviated term is translated in full name while the latter ones of the same abbreviated term will show the abbreviated form in the translation text.Experiments of translation from Chinese to English show the effectiveness of the proposed translation model.

Alternative approach of hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance: abbreviated MRI

This review focuses on emerging abbreviated magnetic resonance imaging(AMRI)surveillance of patients with chronic liver disease for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).This surveillance strategy has been proposed as a high-sensitivity alternative to ultrasound for identification of patients with early-stage HCC,particularly in patients with cirrhosis or obesity,in whom sonographic visualization of small tumors may be compromised.Three general AMRI approaches have been developed and studied in the literature-non-contrast AMRI,dynamic contrast-enhanced AMRI,and hepatobiliary phase contrast-enhanced AMRI-each comprising a small number of selected sequences specifically tailored for HCC detection.The rationale,general technique,advantages and disadvantages,and diagnostic performance of each AMRI approach is explained.Additionally,current gaps in knowledge and future directions are discussed.Based on emerging evidence,we cautiously recommend the use of AMRI for HCC surveillance in situations where ultrasound is compromised.

Effect analysis of unilateral deaf adults wearing bone-conduction hearing aids:A case report

The prevalence of unilateral deafness(SSD)or asymmetric hearing loss(AHL)among patients with hearing impairments ranges from 7.2%to 15.0%,indicating a relatively significant proportion.However,these individuals often overlook their hearing loss,resulting in delayed or inadequate treatment.This oversight can lead to a lack of binaural summation and squelch effect,as well as the head shadow effect,which can significantly impact their speech recognition and sound localization abilities,especially in noisy environments.Recently,a groundbreaking Sound Bite™Pinyin® Bone Conduction Hearing Aid(HA)device has been has been introduced as a viable alternative to traditional percutaneous stimulation hearing assistance devices.This innovative device harnesses bone conduction technology to convey sound vibrations directly to the inner ear via the bones of the jaw and skull,effectively bypassing the air conduction pathway that is commonly compromised in individuals with hearing loss.This report details the evaluation and adjustment process of a HA device worn by a 31-year-old female patient who suffers from a congenital ossicular chain deformity in her right ear,while maintaining normal hearing in her left ear.The report comprehensively covers the hearing thresholds of the 31-year-old female patient on the day of fitting the hearing aid and one month later.It also presents assessments of the hearing aid’s performance through the Abbreviated Profile of Hearing Aid Benefit(APHAB)questionnaire,conducted three days after adjustment,one month later,and one year later.Furthermore,the report details the evaluation of the patient’s sound localization ability,comparing her performance before and after wearing the hearing aid device.Additionally,it includes measurements of her speech recognition ability for monosyllabic words and Yang Yang Ge words,which are specific tests in the Chinese language,conducted two years after the initial fitting of the hearing aid.The discovery that bone-anchored hearing devices can significantly enhance hearing thresholds in patients with unilateral conductive hearing loss represents a significant milestone.These devices not only improve speech recognition ability but also enhance sound localization in noisy environments.This improvement is accompanied by a high level of subjective satisfaction among patients,indicating a positive impact on their overall quality of life.

通用测试语言ATLAS翻译器构造中的若干问题研究

对ATLAS翻译器的设计和开发过程中ATLAS关键字数目太多、ATLAS语言在新的测试领域的扩展问题、ATLAS信号相关语句的翻译解释及虚拟资源和实际资源的定位对应等几个关键问题进行了研究.引入符号表技术解决了用词法分析(LEX)对ATLAS词法分析时的容量受限问题;利用文件技术和符号表技术解决ATLAS语言的扩展问题;引入数据库技术和COM组件技术解决ATLAS语言中信号相关语句的翻译及资源的定位和调用问题.上述方法应用在ATLAS翻译器项目中,成功实现了模拟测试领域相关程序的翻译,运行良好.

Erratum to Making the case for the evolving role of social media in health professions education and a literature review on the application of some in ophthalmology

The article entitled“Making the case for the evolving role of social media in health professions education and a literature review on the application of some in ophthalmology”(Ann Eye Sci 2024;9:7.doi:10.21037/aes-23-74)(1)was published with some errors in the title.In the title,the“some”should be“SoMe”,which is the abbreviation for“social media”.The title of this article should be corrected as below:Making the case for the evolving role of social media(SoMe)in health professions education and a literature review on the application of SoMe in ophthalmology The authors apologize for these errors and state that these errors do not change the scientific conclusions of the article in any way.

参加第十二届世界地震工程大会简况

In this paper, it was introduced the abbreviated situation of ⅪⅠ World Earthquake engineering Convention (WECC) from 30 Jan to 4 Feb.2000 in Auckland, New Zealand.

Injury patterns of seniors in traffic accidents: A technical and medical analysis

AIM:To investigate the actual injury situation of seniors in traffic accidents and to evaluate the different injury patterns.METHODS:Injury data,environmental circumstances and crash circumstances of accidents were collected shortly after the accident event at the scene.With these data,a technical and medical analysis was performed,including Injury Severity Score,Abbreviated Injury Scale and Maximum Abbreviated Injury Scale.The method of data collection is named the German InDepth Accident Study and can be seen as representative.RESULTS:A total of 4430 injured seniors in traffic accidents were evaluated.The incidence of sustaining severe injuries to extremities,head and maxillofacial region was significantly higher in the group of elderly people compared to a younger age(P<0.05).The number of accident-related injuries was higher in the group of seniors compared to other groups.CONCLUSION:Seniors are more likely to be involved in traffic injuries and to sustain serious to severe injuries compared to other groups.

Computer Simulation of Transition Regimes of Solitons in Stimulated Raman Scattering with Excitation of Polar Optical Phonons

The system of nonlinear equations modeling the process of nonstationary stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) in noncentrosymmetric crystals for the waves on laser, Stokes, polariton, and phonon frequencies is investigated by using the numerical methods. The general case for amplitudes of waves that resulted in doubling of the number of equations is considered. It is shown that the application of the methods of finite differences to the computer simulation of transition regimes is completely consistent with the analytical results found for the asymptotical solutions in form of solitons. The obtained results also indicate that the laser pulses of Gaussian shape appearing at the boundary of nonlinear medium tend to become solitons of Lorentzian shape. It was also found that the formation of solitons occurs when the vibrations of optical phonons and that of electromagnetic wave were either in or out of phase. It is shown that all electromagnetic waves entering the medium with different speeds become solitons having the same speed. In the second part of the paper we considered the computer simulation of soliton stability with respect to small (weak) perturbations of all interacting waves. In the present paper we considered the case of evolution of those disturbances in the vicinity of peaks of solitons. The numerical analysis showed that in wide range of parameters the solitons were stable.

INSTRUCTIONS TO AUTHORS

GENERAL INFORMATION World Journal of Stem Cells(World J Stem Cells,WJSC,online ISSN1948-0210,DOI:10.4252),is a peer-reviewed open access(OA)academic journal that aims to guide clinical practice and improve diagnostic and therapeutic skills of clinicians.Aims and scope WJSC covers topics concerning all aspects of stem cells:embryonic,neural,hematopoietic,mesenchymal,tissue-specific,and

INSTRUCTIONS TO AUTHORS

This journal only publishes original research papers dealing with the theory, methods in the field of numerical analysis. Manuscripts including abstracts not excecding 150 words can be submitted in duplicate to the Editorial Board of this journal, Department of Mathematics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China. Manuscripts will be accepted for publication written in the English language only.

INSTRUCTIONS TO AUTHORS

GENERAL INFORMATIONWorld Journal of Diabetes(World J Diabetes,WJD,online ISSN 1948-9358,DOI:10.4239),is a peer-reviewed open access(OA)academic journal that aims to guide clinical practice and improve diagnostic and therapeutic skills of clinicians.Aims and scopeWJD covers topics concerningα,β,δand PP cells of the pancreatic islet,the effect of insulin and insulinresistance,pancreatic

EFFECT OF ELECTROACUPUNCTURE ON THE PHASE OF REPOLARIZATION OF ISCHEMIC MYOCARDIUM IN THE RABBIT

This experiment was performed on 30 rabbits. The heart rate was paced artificial-ly at a constant speed. AMI of the left ventricle was produced by ligature of LVB for 30 min andMAPs recorded from the bonder zone of ischemia with the bipolar epicardial contact electrodes. Thechief findings showed that MAPD50, MAPD90 abbreviated obviously and MRR accelerated apparentlyafter AMI while EA could inhibit the abbreviation of MAPD50 and MAPD90, and delay the accelera-tion of MRR. It suggested that EA might be beneficial to anti-arrhythmia and prevented from sud-denly cardial death. Therefore the result has provided not only a new experimental evidence for an im-portant contribution to coronary heart disease treated with acupuncture but also a new content for therelationship between Neiguan （PC 6） of Pericardium Meridian and the heart.

INSTRUCTIONS TO AUTHORS

GENERAL INFORMATION World Journal of Cardiology(World J Cardiol,WJC,online ISSN1949-8462,DOI:10.4330)is a peer-reviewed open access(OA)academic journal that aims to guide clinical practice and improve diagnostic and therapeutic skills of clinicians.Aim and scope WJC covers topics concerning arrhythmia,heart failure,vascular

INSTRUCTIONS TO AUTHORS

GENERAL INFORMATION World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery(World J Gastrointest Surg,WJGS,online ISSN 1948-9366,DOI:10.4240)is a peer-reviewed open access(OA)academic journal that aims to guide clinical practice and improve diagnostic and therapeutic skills of clinicians.

Instructions to authors

GENERAL INFORMATIONWorld Journal of Hepatology(World J Hepatol,WJH,online ISSN1948-5182,DOI:10.4254)is a peer-reviewed open access(OA)academic journal that aims to guide clinical practice and improvediagnostic and therapeutic skills of clinicians.Aim and scopeWJH covers topics concerning arrhythmia,heart failure。

INSTRUCTIONS TO AUTHORS

GENERAL INFORMATION World Journal of Cardiology(World J Cardiol,WJC,online ISSN1949-8462,DOI:10.4330)is a peer-reviewed open access(OA)academic journal that aims to guide clinical practice and improve diagnostic and therapeutic skills of clinicians.Aim and scope WJC covers topics concerning arrhythmia,heart failure。

INSTRUCTIONS TO AUTHORS

GENERAL INFORMATION World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery(World J Gastrointest Surg,WJGS,online ISSN 1948-9366,DOI:10.4240)is a peer-reviewed open access(OA)academic journal that aims to guide clinical practice and improve diagnostic and therapeutic skills of clinicians.Aim and scopeWJGS covers topics concerning micro-invasive surgery;laparos-copy;hepatic,biliary,pancreatic and splenic surgery;surgical nutri-tion;portal hypertension,as well as associated subjects.The

INSTRUCTIONS TO AUTHORS

GENERAL INFORMATION World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery(World J Gastrointest Surg,WJGS,online ISSN 1948-9366,DOI:10.4240)is a peer-reviewed open access(OA)academic journal that aims to guide clinical practice and improve diagnostic and therapeutic skills of clinicians.

INSTRUCTIONS TO AUTHORS

GENERAL INFORMATION World Journal of Hepatology(World J Hepatol,WJH,online ISSN 1948-5182,DOI:10.4254)is a peer-reviewed open access(OA)academic journal that aims to guide clinical practice and improve diagnostic and therapeutic skills of clinicians.Aim and scope WJH covers topics concerning arrhythmia,heart failure。