神经科学作为一个相对较新,正在飞速发展的领域,在刑事司法实践中已经显示出巨大的应用潜力,并由此催生出了神经法学(Neurolaw)这一交叉研究领域,旨在探讨神经科学领域对于个体的决策、行为能力等方面的研究发现对现行法律规则和判断标...神经科学作为一个相对较新,正在飞速发展的领域,在刑事司法实践中已经显示出巨大的应用潜力,并由此催生出了神经法学(Neurolaw)这一交叉研究领域,旨在探讨神经科学领域对于个体的决策、行为能力等方面的研究发现对现行法律规则和判断标准的影响。神经法学不仅关注神经科学技术如何适用于解决现有的法律体系中存在的多种难题,从案件的立案、侦查,到案件审判,最后到罪犯的矫正与释放后的再犯风险预测,同时也关注神经科学技术应当在司法程序的哪些环节使用、是否应该使用等伦理与规范性问题。而本文着重探讨了神经科学在刑事司法系统两个关键领域中的应用情况和未来的发展方向,包括刑事责任能力判定和服刑人员的风险评估与矫正。神经法学的研究不仅加深了我们对于犯罪行为背后的神经机制的理解,在深入研究并加强两个领域学者间交流的前提下,神经科学还能够进一步改进刑事司法实践,提供更加个性化和科学的罪犯评估和矫正计划,使得刑事司法实践更加公正且人性化。Neuroscience, as a relatively novel and rapidly developing field, has shown great potential for being applied in criminal justice practice, which has given rise to the field of neurolaw research. Neurolaw research aims to explore how the findings in neuroscience regarding individual decision-making and behavioral capabilities can impact existing legal rules and standards of judgment. Neurolaw is not only concerned with how neuroscientific techniques can be applied to solve various issues within the current legal system, from case investigation to trial, and finally to the correction and post-release recidivism risk assessment of criminals, but also with the ethical and normative issues of when and whether neuroscientific techniques should be used in the judicial process. The present article focuses on the applications and future directions of neuroscience in two critical areas of the criminal justice system, including determining the criminal responsibility capacity of accused individuals and the risk assessment and correction of incarcerated individuals. Neurolaw research has not only deepened our understanding of the neural mechanisms behind criminal behaviors, but also with in-depth research and communications between researchers and practitioners in the two fields, neuroscience also has the potential to further improve criminal justice practice by providing more individualized and scientific offender assessment and intervention strategies, making criminal justice practice fairer and more humane.展开更多
文摘神经科学作为一个相对较新,正在飞速发展的领域,在刑事司法实践中已经显示出巨大的应用潜力,并由此催生出了神经法学(Neurolaw)这一交叉研究领域,旨在探讨神经科学领域对于个体的决策、行为能力等方面的研究发现对现行法律规则和判断标准的影响。神经法学不仅关注神经科学技术如何适用于解决现有的法律体系中存在的多种难题,从案件的立案、侦查,到案件审判,最后到罪犯的矫正与释放后的再犯风险预测,同时也关注神经科学技术应当在司法程序的哪些环节使用、是否应该使用等伦理与规范性问题。而本文着重探讨了神经科学在刑事司法系统两个关键领域中的应用情况和未来的发展方向,包括刑事责任能力判定和服刑人员的风险评估与矫正。神经法学的研究不仅加深了我们对于犯罪行为背后的神经机制的理解,在深入研究并加强两个领域学者间交流的前提下,神经科学还能够进一步改进刑事司法实践,提供更加个性化和科学的罪犯评估和矫正计划,使得刑事司法实践更加公正且人性化。Neuroscience, as a relatively novel and rapidly developing field, has shown great potential for being applied in criminal justice practice, which has given rise to the field of neurolaw research. Neurolaw research aims to explore how the findings in neuroscience regarding individual decision-making and behavioral capabilities can impact existing legal rules and standards of judgment. Neurolaw is not only concerned with how neuroscientific techniques can be applied to solve various issues within the current legal system, from case investigation to trial, and finally to the correction and post-release recidivism risk assessment of criminals, but also with the ethical and normative issues of when and whether neuroscientific techniques should be used in the judicial process. The present article focuses on the applications and future directions of neuroscience in two critical areas of the criminal justice system, including determining the criminal responsibility capacity of accused individuals and the risk assessment and correction of incarcerated individuals. Neurolaw research has not only deepened our understanding of the neural mechanisms behind criminal behaviors, but also with in-depth research and communications between researchers and practitioners in the two fields, neuroscience also has the potential to further improve criminal justice practice by providing more individualized and scientific offender assessment and intervention strategies, making criminal justice practice fairer and more humane.
