The Data Visualisation and Immersive Analytics Research Lab at Monash University

This article reviews two decades of research in topics in Information Visualisation emerging from the Data Visualisation and Immersive Analytics Lab at Monash University Australia(Monash IA Lab).The lab has been influential with contributions in algorithms,interaction techniques and experimental results in Network Visualisation,Interactive Optimisation and Geographic and Cartographic visualisation.It has also been a leader in the emerging topic of Immersive Analytics,which explores natural interactions and immersive display technologies in support of data analytics.We reflect on advances in these areas but also sketch our vision for future research and developments in data visualisation more broadly.

智能合约漏洞检测技术综述

智能合约作为可信的去中心化应用,获得了广泛的关注,但其安全漏洞问题对其可靠性带来了巨大威胁.为此,研究者们利用各种前沿技术(如模糊测试、机器学习、形式化验证等)研究了多种漏洞检测技术,并取得了可观的效果.为了系统性地梳理与分析现有智能合约漏洞检测技术,搜集截至2021年7月关于智能合约漏洞检测的84篇论文,根据它们的核心方法进行分类,从每种技术的实现方法、漏洞类型、实验数据等方面展开分析,同时对比国内外研究现状在这些方面的差异.最后,对现有的智能合约漏洞检测技术进行总结,探讨面临的挑战,并展望了未来的研究方向.

华南东部元古代构造格局及其古位置重建

包括扬子、华夏和琼西南诸多块体的华南东部保存了与哥伦比亚和罗迪尼亚超大陆聚散有关的丰富地质记录,是理解东亚前寒武纪动力学演化的关键地区。本文基于琼西南、扬子东部和华夏陆块元古代地层和岩浆记录,分析并综述了华南东部地区元古代构造过程及其在超大陆的古位置。研究表明,琼西南地块在中元古代(~1.45 Ga)时期形成于哥伦比亚超大陆内部的非造山裂谷环境,经历了~1.05 Ga的麻粒岩相高级变质作用。其与扬子西南缘关系紧密,在~1.30~1.05 Ga期间,可能作为中元古代Albany-Fraser造山带的一部分。华夏和扬子东部在新元古代早期显示差异的地质特征,两者因古华南洋而分隔。江山-绍兴缝合带以东的华夏陆块发育εHf(t)值为负的~1.0~0.9 Ga长英质火山岩,与江-绍缝合带之西的扬子陆块同期具正εHf(t)值的双溪坞弧迥然不同,他们很可能是响应于原高止大洋俯冲而作为早新元古代(~1.0~0.9 Ga)原华夏造山作用的地质记录。怀玉和江南地区广泛发育~870~830 Ma的火成岩(集中在850~830 Ma),其碎屑岩含~860~830 Ma碎屑锆石年龄峰值、~980 Ma锆石颗粒较少。相反华夏陆块较少发育同期火成岩,碎屑岩中~980 Ma碎屑锆石丰富而~860~830 Ma碎屑锆石少见。以裂谷环境为其成因性质的~820~750 Ma板溪群、沥口群和马面山群及同期火成岩广泛见于华夏和怀玉地块及江南造山带,并以角度不整合经沧水铺群和骆家门砾岩与冷家溪群及其相当岩系分割,自此使之进入相对稳定的板内沉积演化期。研究认为,新元古代早期(~1.0~0.9 Ga)在华夏内部武夷-云开一线发育了与印度Eastern Ghats造山带走向相接的增生造山带,同时在扬子与华夏陆块之间发育了新元古代古华南洋,该大洋向西持续俯冲形成了长寿命的新元古代(~0.97~0.83 Ga)华南沟-弧系统,相继形成了~0.98~0.88 Ga的双溪坞洋内弧,~0.87~0.83 Ga怀玉大陆弧及~0.87~0.83 Ga的江南陆内弧后盆地,可与罗迪尼亚超大陆外缘印度西北的新元古代德里造山带相对比。该系统内双溪坞洋内弧盆在~0.87 Ga关闭而转入~0.87~0.83 Ga的怀玉-江南安第斯型活动大陆边缘,进而于~830~810 Ma由扬子和华夏陆块沿江南造山带拼合而成古华南陆块,自810 Ma之后由于罗迪尼亚超大陆裂解及大规模后造山裂谷作用,造就了板溪群及其相当岩系和同期双峰式火成作用。

粉末床熔融钛合金的表面抛光技术研究进展

粉末床熔融钛合金作为一种重要的金属材料,在航空航天、医疗器械以及汽车等领域得到广泛应用。然而,由于特殊的材料性质和加工方法,其表面质量与性能仍然是制约其应用的关键问题之一。对粉末床熔融钛合金的表面抛光技术研究进展进行了综述,介绍了化学抛光、电化学抛光、等离子电解抛光、激光抛光和机械抛光等技术的研究进展。这些技术为粉末床熔融钛合金的表面质量和性能满足不同应用需求提供了选择,同时还对复合抛光技术及相关技术发展进行了展望。

Approach to loss of response to advanced therapies in inflammatory bowel disease

BACKGROUND Remarkable progress over the last decade has equipped clinicians with many options in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.Clinicians now have the unique opportunity to provide individualized treatment that can achieve and sustain remission in many patients.However,issues of primary non-response(PNR)and secondary loss of response(SLOR)to non-tumour necrosis factor inhibitor(TNFi)therapies remains a common problem.Specific issues include the choice of optimization of therapy,identifying when dose optimization will recapture response,establishing optimal dose for escalation and when to switch therapy.AIM To explores the issues of PNR and SLOR to non-TNFi therapies.METHODS This review explores the current evidence and literature to elucidate management options in cases of PNR/SLOR.It will also explore potential predictors for response following SLOR/PNR to therapies including the role of therapeutic drug monitoring(TDM).RESULTS In the setting of PNR and loss of response to alpha-beta7-integrin inhibitors and interleukin(IL)-12 and IL-23 inhibitors dose optimization is a reasonable option to capture response.For Janus kinase inhibitors dose optimization can be utilized to recapture response with loss of response.CONCLUSION The role of TDM in the setting of advanced non-TNFi therapies to identify patients who require dose optimization and as a predictor for clinical remission is not yet established and this remains an area that should be addressed in the future.

钛合金钙磷涂层电沉积技术研究进展

钛合金表面电沉积钙磷涂层技术具有处理温度低、组织结构易控和经济高效等优势,在保持植体优良机械性能的同时提高生物活性,有望替代等离子喷涂技术。为了促进钛合金表面电沉积钙磷涂层技术的临床转化,首先简述钛合金表面电沉积钙磷涂层机理,然后详述近年来在电解液参数(钙磷比、添加剂、p H值和气氛)、外场条件(电场、温度、磁场、超声波)和沉积时间对钛合金表面电沉积钙磷涂层影响的研究进展。其中,钙磷比改变电解液中钙源和磷源离子的临界浓度;p H值调节电解液中磷源离子的存在形式,直接影响涂层的物相种类;添加剂通过与钙源、磷源、溶剂或沉积晶体发生静电吸引、配位或特征吸附等作用,能够进一步调控涂层的种类和形态;控制气氛可有效防止空气中CO_(2)对涂层物相产生影响;进一步通过电场、温度、磁场、超声波和沉积时间的调控,可以优化涂层的结构形态和性能。最后,阐述了钛合金表面电沉积钙磷涂层技术的现存问题,并对其未来发展方向做了展望。

Numerical manifold method for thermo-mechanical coupling simulation of fractured rock mass

As a calculation method based on the Galerkin variation,the numerical manifold method(NMM)adopts a double covering system,which can easily deal with discontinuous deformation problems and has a high calculation accuracy.Aiming at the thermo-mechanical(TM)coupling problem of fractured rock masses,this study uses the NMM to simulate the processes of crack initiation and propagation in a rock mass under the influence of temperature field,deduces related system equations,and proposes a penalty function method to deal with boundary conditions.Numerical examples are employed to confirm the effectiveness and high accuracy of this method.By the thermal stress analysis of a thick-walled cylinder(TWC),the simulation of cracking in the TWC under heating and cooling conditions,and the simulation of thermal cracking of the SwedishÄspöPillar Stability Experiment(APSE)rock column,the thermal stress,and TM coupling are obtained.The numerical simulation results are in good agreement with the test data and other numerical results,thus verifying the effectiveness of the NMM in dealing with thermal stress and crack propagation problems of fractured rock masses.

基于指针神经网络的细粒度缺陷定位

软件缺陷定位是指找出与软件失效相关的程序元素.当前的缺陷定位技术仅能产生函数级或语句级的定位结果.这种粗粒度的定位结果会影响人工调试程序和软件缺陷自动修复的效率和效果.专注于细粒度地识别导致软件缺陷的具体代码令牌,为代码令牌建立抽象语法树路径,提出基于指针神经网络的细粒度缺陷定位模型来预测出具体的缺陷代码令牌和修复该令牌的具体操作行为.开源项目中的大量缺陷补丁数据集包含大量可供训练的数据,且基于抽象语法树构建的路径可以有效捕获程序结构信息.实验结果表明所训练出的模型能够准确预测缺陷代码令牌并显著优于基于统计的与基于机器学习的基线方法.另外,为了验证细粒度的缺陷定位结果可以贡献于缺陷自动修复,基于细粒度的缺陷定位结果设计两种程序修复流程,即代码补全工具去预测正确令牌的方法和启发式规则寻找合适代码修复元素的方法,结果表明两种方法都能有效解决软件缺陷自动修复中的过拟合问题.

移动应用程序中用户界面显示缺陷检测的经验研究

应用程序图形用户界面(graphical user interface,GUI/UI)为应用程序与其终端用户提供了一座可视化的桥梁,用户可以通过交互操作使用应用程序.随着移动应用程序的发展,兼具美学与交互设计的图形用户界面也变得越来越复杂,用户也更加关注应用程序的可访问性和可用性.然而图形用户界面的复杂性也对其设计与实现带来巨大的挑战.由于用户对于移动设备的自定义设置以及不同的设备型号和屏幕分辨率导致用户界面显示问题频繁发生.例如由于软件或硬件兼容性,在不同设备上进行界面渲染时总会出现文本交叠、组件遮挡、图像丢失等显示问题.它们对应用程序的可用性和可访问性产生负面影响,导致用户体验不佳.不幸的是,对于移动应用程序用户界面显示问题的成因知之甚少.为了应对这一挑战,收集来自百度众测平台上的6729张具有用户界面显示缺陷的应用程序截图和GitHub中1016个缺陷报告提供的应用程序截图,采用主题分析方法识别出9类用户界面显示缺陷,然后对GitHub中1016个缺陷报告和其对应的缺陷代码进行分析,总结出用户界面显示缺陷本质成因.研究发现:(1)在众测数据集中用户界面显示缺陷截图占总截图的62.1%;(2)导致界面显示缺陷的原因中字体的缩放设置与组件的自适应设置不适配所占的比例较大;(3)界面的布局设置会导致界面显示缺陷产生;(4)硬件加速未开启会影响界面的正常显示.

应用CRISP清单,提升我国全科医学和基本医疗研究报告的质量

基本医疗(初级保健)研究报告内容的条目共识(CRISP)工作组于2023年提出了CRISP清单,以支持改善上述领域研究报告的质量、实用性和传播性。《中国全科医学》英文版的学术编辑团队对CRISP清单进行了中文翻译,并通过这篇述评,在回顾我国全科医学和基本医疗研究的内涵和发展现状的基础上,归纳了该领域的科研报告中目前存在的主要问题,如“以作者为中心”“过度重视塑造权威性”“盲目生搬国际经验”“缺乏对方法学的透明报告”“在论文中压入大量冗繁信息”以及“遮蔽关键信息”等。最后,编辑团队推荐和鼓励中国的全科医学和基本医疗服务研究的作者、编辑和学术评议专家尝试使用CRISP清单,在改善中国全科医学和基本医疗研究报告质量的同时,进一步完善该工具在学科发展研究、临床研究、卫生服务研究、卫生政策研究、教育和培训研究以及社区流行病学研究等亚领域中的应用。

Modelling rapid non-destructive test using light weight deflectometer on granular soils across different degrees of saturation

This study introduces an advanced finite element model for the light weight deflectometer(LWD),which integrates contact mechanics with fully coupled models.By simulating LWD tests on granular soils at various saturation levels,the model accurately reflects the dependence of the LWD modulus on dry density,water content,and effective stress.This model addresses and overcomes the limitations of previous finite element models for this specific problem.Simultaneously,this research presents the first experimentally validated fully coupled contact impact model.Furthermore,the research provides a comparative assessment of elastoplastic and nonlinear elastic models and contrasts an enriched node-tosegment method(developed in this study)with the more precise mortar technique for contact mechanics.These comparisons reveal unique advantages and challenges for each method.Moreover,the study underscores the importance of careful application of the LWD modulus,emphasising the need for sophisticated tools to interpret soil behaviour accurately.

Functions of nuclear factor Y in nervous system development,function and health

Nuclear factor Y is a ubiquitous heterotrimeric transcription factor complex conserved across eukaryotes that binds to CCAAT boxes,one of the most common motifs found in gene promoters and enhancers.Over the last 30 years,research has revealed that the nuclear factor Y complex controls many aspects of brain development,including differentiation,axon guidance,homeostasis,disease,and most recently regeneration.However,a complete understanding of transcriptional regulatory networks,including how the nuclear factor Y complex binds to specific CCAAT boxes to perform its function remains elusive.In this review,we explore the nuclear factor Y complex’s role and mode of action during brain development,as well as how genomic technologies may expand understanding of this key regulator of gene expression.

Insights and implications of sexual dimorphism in osteoporosis

Osteoporosis,a metabolic bone disease characterized by low bone mineral density and deterioration of bone microarchitecture,has led to a high risk of fatal osteoporotic fractures worldwide.Accumulating evidence has revealed that sexual dimorphism is a notable feature of osteoporosis,with sex-specific differences in epidemiology and pathogenesis.Specifically,females are more susceptible than males to osteoporosis,while males are more prone to disability or death from the disease.To date,sex chromosome abnormalities and steroid hormones have been proven to contribute greatly to sexual dimorphism in osteoporosis by regulating the functions of bone cells.Understanding the sex-specific differences in osteoporosis and its related complications is essential for improving treatment strategies tailored to women and men.This literature review focuses on the mechanisms underlying sexual dimorphism in osteoporosis,mainly in a population of aging patients,chronic glucocorticoid administration,and diabetes.Moreover,we highlight the implications of sexual dimorphism for developing therapeutics and preventive strategies and screening approaches tailored to women and men.Additionally,the challenges in translating bench research to bedside treatments and future directions to overcome these obstacles will be discussed.

改进基本医疗(初级保健)研究报告内容的CRISP共识声明

基本医疗(初级保健)是一门独特的临床专业和研究学科,具有其自身的视角和方法。该领域的研究使用多种研究方法和研究设计来调查各种主题。基本医疗(初级保健)的多样性对其研究内容的报告提出了挑战,尽管已有大量报告指南问世,但没有一项指南专门针对基本医疗(初级保健)学科的需求而设。基本医疗(初级保健)研究报告内容的条目共识(CRISP)清单,旨在指导基本医疗(初级保健)研究的报告,包括提供基本医疗(初级保健)相关人群(从业者、患者和社区)所需的信息。CRISP清单完善了现有指南,有利于基本医疗(初级保健)研究结果的报告、传播和应用。先前的CRISP研究,探索了在该领域改善研究内容报告的可能性。工作组通过对国际化、跨学科和跨专业的基本医疗(初级保健)社区的调查,确定了基本医疗(初级保健)研究报告中需要包含的基本条目。工作组开展了一项包含两轮德尔菲的研究,对必要的条目达成了共识,并汇总成清单。CRISP清单包含24个条目,涵盖了基本医疗(初级保健)研究报告中的研究团队、患者、研究参与者、健康状况、临床接触、护理团队、干预、研究测量、照护环境,以及研究结果的实施等方面。并非全部条目都适用于每种研究设计或主题。CRISP指南为设计和报告以下三类研究提供了参考信息:(1)基本医疗(初级保健)研究人员开展的研究,(2)其他研究人员在基本医疗(初级保健)人群和环境中开展的研究,(3)旨在应用于基本医疗(初级保健)实践中的研究,从而改进对临床服务和研究过程背景的报告。这对于解释研究结果并将其应用于基本医疗(初级保健)的不同人群和环境至关重要。

Applications and advancements in animal models for antiviral research on mosquito-borne arboviruses

Vector-borne diseases caused by arthropod-borne viruses(arboviruses) are a considerable challenge to public health globally. Mosquito-borne arboviruses, such as Chikungunya, Dengue, and Zika viruses, cause a range of human illnesses and may be fatal. Currently, efforts to control these diseases still face challenges due to growing vector resistance towards insecticides, urbanization, and limited effective antiviral treatments and vaccines. Animal models are crucial in antiviral research on mosquito-borne arboviruses, playing a role in understanding disease mechanisms,vaccine development, and toxicity testing, but the application of animal models still faces the challenges of ethical considerations and animal-to-human translational success. Genetically engineered mouse models, hamster models and non-human primate(NHP) are currently used in arbovirus research, but new models such as tree shrews and novel humanized mice are emerging. In the context of Malaysian research, the use of long-tailed macaques as potential NHP models for arbovirus research is possible;however, it faces the ethical dilemma of using an endangered species for scientific purposes. Overall, animal models play a crucial role in advancing infectious disease research, but a balance between medical research and species conservation must be upheld.

Examining dietary interventions in Crohn’s disease

This editorial builds on the article by Shakhshir et al.We conducted an overview of evidence-based dietary interventions in adults with inflammatory bowel disease(IBD).In the IBD population,there may be a role for the Mediterranean diet due to its anti-inflammatory effects,long-term sustainability,and role in improving cardiovascular health.In active Crohn’s disease,the use of exclusive enteral nutrition,the Crohn’s disease exclusion diet,or the specific carbohydrate diet may be used as a short-term adjunct to medical therapy and may improve mucosal healing.The low-FODMAP diet can assist in reducing symptoms for patients without evidence of active bowel inflammation.As interest in nutritional therapy increases amongst clinicians and patients alike,it is integral that dietary therapies are understood and discussed in routine management of patients with IBD as part of holistic care,ideally through a multidisciplinary setting with involvement of experienced dietitians.This serves to improve clinician-patient engagement and reduce complications of IBD including micro and micronutrient deficiencies.

Graphene-calcium carbonate coating to improve the degradation resistance and mechanical integrity of a biodegradable implant

Biodegradable implants are critical for regenerative orthopaedic procedures,but they may suffer from too fast corrosion in human-body environment.This necessitates the synthesis of a suitable coating that may improve the corrosion resistance of these implants without compromising their mechanical integrity.In this study,an AZ91 magnesium alloy,as a representative for a biodegradable Mg implant material,was modified with a thin reduced graphene oxide(RGO)-calcium carbonate(CaCO_(3))composite coating.Detailed analytical and in-vitro electrochemical characterization reveals that this coating significantly improves the corrosion resistance and mechanical integrity,and thus has the potential to greatly extend the related application field.

Performances of fissured red sandstone after thermal treatment with constant-amplitude and low-cycle impacts

In the engineering practices,it is increasingly common to encounter fractured rocks perturbed by temperatures and frequent dynamic loads.In this paper,the dynamic behaviors and fracture characteristics of red sandstone considering temperatures(25℃,200℃,400℃,600℃,and 800℃)and fissure angles(0°,30°,60°,and 90°)were evaluated under constant-amplitude and low-cycle(CALC)impacts actuated by a modified split Hopkinson pressure bar(SHPB)system.Subsequently,fracture morphology and second-order statistics within the grey-level co-occurrence matrix(GLCM)were examined using scanning electron microscopy(SEM).Meanwhile,the deep analysis and discussion of the mechanical response were conducted through the synchronous thermal analyzer(STA)test,numerical simulations,one-dimensional stress wave theory,and material structure.The multiple regression models between response variables and interactive effects of independent variables were established using the response surface method(RSM).The results demonstrate the fatigue strength and life diminish as temperatures rise and increase with increasing fissure angles,while the strain rate exhibits an inverse behavior.Furthermore,the peak stress intensification and strain rate softening observed during CALC impact exhibit greater prominence at increased fissure angles.The failure is dominated by tensile damage with concise evolution paths and intergranular cracks as well as the compressor-crushed zone which may affect the failure mode after 400℃.The second-order statistics of GLCM in SEM images exhibit a considerable dependence on the temperatures.Also,thermal damage dominated by thermal properties controls the material structure and wave impedance and eventually affects the incident wave intensity.The tensile wave reflected from the fissure surface is the inherent mechanism responsible for the angle effect exhibited by the fatigue strength and life.Ultimately,the peak stress intensification and strain rate softening during impact are determined by both the material structure and compaction governed by thermal damage and tensile wave.

A sphingolipid message promotes neuronal health across generations

Maternal nutrition can affect brain function of offspring in later life(Fitzgerald et al.,2020).Emerging studies have also shown that the maternal environment can modify susceptibility to neurodegenerative disease(Boots et al.,2023).Transmission of environmental information from mother to offspring depends on maternal nutrient provisioning.In the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans,maternal yolk,which is synthesized in the intestine and transferred to nourish oocytes and early embryos,can provide extranuclear inheritance factors to mediate phenotypic plasticity across generations.However,the molecular mechanisms of regulating such intergenerational effects remain largely unknown.

低共熔溶剂中乙醇添加对激光选区熔化GH4169合金电化学抛光行为的影响

激光选区熔化GH4169合金的高表面粗糙度是其应用过程中需要解决的一大难题,为了替代传统电化学抛光(电抛)使用的酸基电解液,本研究采用绿色安全的氯化胆碱-乙二醇体系作为低共熔溶剂(DES)对激光选区熔化GH4169合金进行电抛的研究。以电抛前后试样的表面形貌、粗糙度、光泽度、润湿角和电化学工作站测试的结果为指标,探索在氯化胆碱-乙二醇中加入不同摩尔比例的乙醇对试样表面电抛效果的影响。结果表明,电抛后的试样表面质量得到了显著的改善。其中,在氯化胆碱∶乙二醇∶乙醇摩尔比1∶1.9∶0.1,电抛参数为温度60℃、时间30 min、电压3 V、磁子转速240 r/min和电极间距13 mm时,试样表面被整平抛亮,抛光效果最好,粗糙度Ra达到(0.403±0.010)μm,光泽度达到(357.9±2.2)GU,润湿角以及电化学行为也验证了电抛后的试样表面更有利于耐蚀性。同时,探讨了合金在氯化胆碱-乙二醇体系中的电抛机理。