利用美国WRF(Weather Research Forecast)模式对"海棠"台风(0505)登陆前后的雨带变化进行分析和模拟试验。结果显示:台风登陆前后其雨带会产生断裂,这种现象可发生在陆地和海上,使非对称降水更加明显。分析得出雨带断裂不仅...利用美国WRF(Weather Research Forecast)模式对"海棠"台风(0505)登陆前后的雨带变化进行分析和模拟试验。结果显示:台风登陆前后其雨带会产生断裂,这种现象可发生在陆地和海上,使非对称降水更加明显。分析得出雨带断裂不仅与地形有关,而且与高层台风环流和中纬度系统的相互作用有关:台风登陆前后,200hPa南亚高压和台风外围的辐散气流结合形成在台风西北方向的弱倒槽,台风中心西侧及西北侧的中低层辐散流场稳定维持,使高层气旋性流场加强,与气旋性流场相伴的正涡度一部分随气流逆时针旋转,并逐步平流至台风中心附近的正涡度区形成一个沿22~25°N的正涡度输送带并延伸至台风中心东部,而中心东部高层的正涡度带中有下沉运动,不利于降水发展而导致雨带断裂是非对称降水的主要原因。高层台风的带状涡度向外围的传播可导致中纬度气旋性环流的进一步加强和正涡度向台风输送的加强,使雨带断裂更加明显。展开更多
利用2007—2011年夏季TBB(black body temperature)资料筛选出夏季青藏高原地区特征比较稳定的带状MCSs加以归类,结合NCEP资料及后向轨迹模型对其成因进行逐类探讨。结果表明,特征稳定的带状MCSs共有37例,可以按形状分为三类:北凸型、...利用2007—2011年夏季TBB(black body temperature)资料筛选出夏季青藏高原地区特征比较稳定的带状MCSs加以归类,结合NCEP资料及后向轨迹模型对其成因进行逐类探讨。结果表明,特征稳定的带状MCSs共有37例,可以按形状分为三类:北凸型、南界型和纬向型,其中北凸型发生得最多,纬向型最少。整个夏季有接近30%的时间,特别是在7月有近50%的时间都出现这种稳定的带状MCSs。高层南亚高压以及高空急流和低层500 hPa切变线辐合及其南侧的高温高湿是带状MCSs生成的主要原因。500 hPa上,纬向型带状MCSs一般发生在高原南北两侧较平直的东、西风气流中;北凸型发生时,高原北部为平直的西风气流,孟湾为较强的槽,高原东、南部受西南偏南气流影响;南界型时高原一般为西北气流,南侧有较强的孟湾气旋控制。围绕高原有4个水汽的辐散源地,带状MCSs对流区的水汽主要通过高原南侧和高原东南部的辐散源地进入对流区。展开更多
The thermodynamics in zinc hydrometallurgical process was studied using a chemical equilibrium modeling code(GEMS) to predict the zinc solubility and construct the species distribution and predominance diagrams for ...The thermodynamics in zinc hydrometallurgical process was studied using a chemical equilibrium modeling code(GEMS) to predict the zinc solubility and construct the species distribution and predominance diagrams for the Zn(Ⅱ)-NH3-H2O and Zn(Ⅱ)-NH3-Cl--H2O system.The zinc solubilities in ammoniacal solutions were also measured with equilibrium experiments,which agree well with the predicted values.The distribution and predominance diagrams show that ammine and hydroxyl ammine complexes are the main aqueous Zn species,Zn(NH3)24-is predominant in weak alkaline solution for both Zn(Ⅱ)-NH3-H2O and Zn(Ⅱ)-NH3-Cl--H2O systems.In Zn(Ⅱ)-NH3-Cl--H2O system,the ternary complexes containing ammonia and chloride increase the zinc solubility in neutral solution.There are three zinc compounds,Zn(OH)2,Zn(OH)1.6Cl0.4 and Zn(NH3)2Cl2,on which the zinc solubility depends,according to the total ammonia,chloride and zinc concentration.These thermodynamic diagrams show the effects of ammonia,chloride and zinc concentration on the zinc solubility,which can provide thermodynamic references for the zinc hydrometallurgy.展开更多
文摘利用美国WRF(Weather Research Forecast)模式对"海棠"台风(0505)登陆前后的雨带变化进行分析和模拟试验。结果显示:台风登陆前后其雨带会产生断裂,这种现象可发生在陆地和海上,使非对称降水更加明显。分析得出雨带断裂不仅与地形有关,而且与高层台风环流和中纬度系统的相互作用有关:台风登陆前后,200hPa南亚高压和台风外围的辐散气流结合形成在台风西北方向的弱倒槽,台风中心西侧及西北侧的中低层辐散流场稳定维持,使高层气旋性流场加强,与气旋性流场相伴的正涡度一部分随气流逆时针旋转,并逐步平流至台风中心附近的正涡度区形成一个沿22~25°N的正涡度输送带并延伸至台风中心东部,而中心东部高层的正涡度带中有下沉运动,不利于降水发展而导致雨带断裂是非对称降水的主要原因。高层台风的带状涡度向外围的传播可导致中纬度气旋性环流的进一步加强和正涡度向台风输送的加强,使雨带断裂更加明显。
文摘利用2007—2011年夏季TBB(black body temperature)资料筛选出夏季青藏高原地区特征比较稳定的带状MCSs加以归类,结合NCEP资料及后向轨迹模型对其成因进行逐类探讨。结果表明,特征稳定的带状MCSs共有37例,可以按形状分为三类:北凸型、南界型和纬向型,其中北凸型发生得最多,纬向型最少。整个夏季有接近30%的时间,特别是在7月有近50%的时间都出现这种稳定的带状MCSs。高层南亚高压以及高空急流和低层500 hPa切变线辐合及其南侧的高温高湿是带状MCSs生成的主要原因。500 hPa上,纬向型带状MCSs一般发生在高原南北两侧较平直的东、西风气流中;北凸型发生时,高原北部为平直的西风气流,孟湾为较强的槽,高原东、南部受西南偏南气流影响;南界型时高原一般为西北气流,南侧有较强的孟湾气旋控制。围绕高原有4个水汽的辐散源地,带状MCSs对流区的水汽主要通过高原南侧和高原东南部的辐散源地进入对流区。
基金National Key Fundamental Research Development Program Planning“973”(2009CB4215032013CB430103)+2 种基金Natural Science Foundation of China(41375058)Construction of Advantageous Disciplines for Higher Education in Jiangsu ProvincePriority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD)
基金Project(74142000023) supported by Postdoctoral Science Foundation of Central South University,ChinaProject(2012M521547) supported by China Postdoctoral Science FoundationProject(721500452) supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China
文摘The thermodynamics in zinc hydrometallurgical process was studied using a chemical equilibrium modeling code(GEMS) to predict the zinc solubility and construct the species distribution and predominance diagrams for the Zn(Ⅱ)-NH3-H2O and Zn(Ⅱ)-NH3-Cl--H2O system.The zinc solubilities in ammoniacal solutions were also measured with equilibrium experiments,which agree well with the predicted values.The distribution and predominance diagrams show that ammine and hydroxyl ammine complexes are the main aqueous Zn species,Zn(NH3)24-is predominant in weak alkaline solution for both Zn(Ⅱ)-NH3-H2O and Zn(Ⅱ)-NH3-Cl--H2O systems.In Zn(Ⅱ)-NH3-Cl--H2O system,the ternary complexes containing ammonia and chloride increase the zinc solubility in neutral solution.There are three zinc compounds,Zn(OH)2,Zn(OH)1.6Cl0.4 and Zn(NH3)2Cl2,on which the zinc solubility depends,according to the total ammonia,chloride and zinc concentration.These thermodynamic diagrams show the effects of ammonia,chloride and zinc concentration on the zinc solubility,which can provide thermodynamic references for the zinc hydrometallurgy.