乳腺化生性癌是一种侵袭性肿瘤,占所有乳腺恶性肿瘤的比例不到1%。当90%以上的恶性细胞为鳞状细胞时,诊断为乳腺原发性鳞状细胞癌(primary squamous cell carcinoma of the breast,PSCCB),占所有乳腺癌的不到0.1%,因其罕见性,对于化生...乳腺化生性癌是一种侵袭性肿瘤,占所有乳腺恶性肿瘤的比例不到1%。当90%以上的恶性细胞为鳞状细胞时,诊断为乳腺原发性鳞状细胞癌(primary squamous cell carcinoma of the breast,PSCCB),占所有乳腺癌的不到0.1%,因其罕见性,对于化生性乳腺癌的诊断及后续治疗存在一定的困难和争议,目前化生性乳腺鳞癌主要以病理诊断为主,影像诊断为辅,而对乳腺鳞癌的治疗依旧参考常规乳腺癌的治疗指南。本文通过分享1例发生于年轻女性的乳腺原发性鳞状细胞癌,并回顾相关文献及报道,以探讨其临床特征,诊断和治疗。展开更多
International Chinese teachers are one of the determinants of the quality development of Confucius Institutes,and their cross-cultural sociocultural adaption,psychological adaption,and job adaption are in need of in-d...International Chinese teachers are one of the determinants of the quality development of Confucius Institutes,and their cross-cultural sociocultural adaption,psychological adaption,and job adaption are in need of in-depth investigation and research.Based on previous research,this paper analyzed the cross-cultural adaptation of international Chinese teachers at Confucius Institutes in South Korea during 2022-2023 through surveys and personal interviews.The study found that the teachers’adaptation was best in terms of work,followed by sociocultural adaptation,and weakest in terms of psychological adaptation.In terms of work adaptation,attention should be focused on adapting to teaching language and teaching methods.In terms of sociocultural adaptation,the focus should be on adapting to personal communication.In terms of psychological adaptation,attention should be paid to feelings of loneliness and anxiety.The study also focused on the internal and external factors influencing their cross-cultural adaptation,as well as the true inner feelings of international Chinese teachers.The study found that factors such as English proficiency,gender,education,professional background,and overseas experience had little impact on teachers’cross-cultural adaptation,while factors such as Korean proficiency,participation in cross-cultural training before going to South Korea,understanding of Korean culture before going to South Korea,and length of time spent in working in South Korea had a greater impact on the cross-cultural adaptation of the research subjects.This study provides reliable reference materials for international Chinese teachers going to South Korea to improve their cross-cultural adaptation abilities and promote the reform and innovation of international Chinese education.展开更多
目的研究转化生长因子β1(transform ing grow th factor-β1,TGF-β1)和雌激素诱导蛋白PS2在乳腺癌中的表达及其与转移复发和预后的关系。方法应用TGFβ1及PS2抗体免疫组化法对110例有完整随访资料的乳腺癌进行检测。结果TGFβ1和PS2在...目的研究转化生长因子β1(transform ing grow th factor-β1,TGF-β1)和雌激素诱导蛋白PS2在乳腺癌中的表达及其与转移复发和预后的关系。方法应用TGFβ1及PS2抗体免疫组化法对110例有完整随访资料的乳腺癌进行检测。结果TGFβ1和PS2在110例乳腺癌中阳性率分别为56.4%、44.5%;乳腺癌组织中TGFβ1蛋白的表达与组织学分级(χ2=4.503,P<0.05)、淋巴结转移(χ2=8.959,P<0.01)均相关,而在各组织学类型中表达差异无显著性。PS2表达则与临床病理指标均无显著相关性;乳腺癌中PS2蛋白和TGFβ1蛋白的表达与ER、PR分别呈正相关(P<0.05)和显著负相关(P<0.01);除PS2蛋白,TGFβ1、ER及PR阳性表达组转移和复发的发生率与阴性组存在显著差异(P<0.05);作为预后不良的指标,TGFβ1阴性者平均生存时间为(109.25±34.438)个月,5年生存率为97.9%,明显高于阳性者,PS2则无此差异。将TGFβ1和PS2与年龄、淋巴结转移、组织学分级、组织学类型等预后相关指标进行COX多因素分析,结果显示TGF-β1是相对独立的预后因子。结论与PS2相比,TGFβ1与乳腺癌发生发展的关系更加密切。TGFβ1可以作为预测乳腺癌转移和复发独立的预后指标。展开更多
文摘乳腺化生性癌是一种侵袭性肿瘤,占所有乳腺恶性肿瘤的比例不到1%。当90%以上的恶性细胞为鳞状细胞时,诊断为乳腺原发性鳞状细胞癌(primary squamous cell carcinoma of the breast,PSCCB),占所有乳腺癌的不到0.1%,因其罕见性,对于化生性乳腺癌的诊断及后续治疗存在一定的困难和争议,目前化生性乳腺鳞癌主要以病理诊断为主,影像诊断为辅,而对乳腺鳞癌的治疗依旧参考常规乳腺癌的治疗指南。本文通过分享1例发生于年轻女性的乳腺原发性鳞状细胞癌,并回顾相关文献及报道,以探讨其临床特征,诊断和治疗。
文摘International Chinese teachers are one of the determinants of the quality development of Confucius Institutes,and their cross-cultural sociocultural adaption,psychological adaption,and job adaption are in need of in-depth investigation and research.Based on previous research,this paper analyzed the cross-cultural adaptation of international Chinese teachers at Confucius Institutes in South Korea during 2022-2023 through surveys and personal interviews.The study found that the teachers’adaptation was best in terms of work,followed by sociocultural adaptation,and weakest in terms of psychological adaptation.In terms of work adaptation,attention should be focused on adapting to teaching language and teaching methods.In terms of sociocultural adaptation,the focus should be on adapting to personal communication.In terms of psychological adaptation,attention should be paid to feelings of loneliness and anxiety.The study also focused on the internal and external factors influencing their cross-cultural adaptation,as well as the true inner feelings of international Chinese teachers.The study found that factors such as English proficiency,gender,education,professional background,and overseas experience had little impact on teachers’cross-cultural adaptation,while factors such as Korean proficiency,participation in cross-cultural training before going to South Korea,understanding of Korean culture before going to South Korea,and length of time spent in working in South Korea had a greater impact on the cross-cultural adaptation of the research subjects.This study provides reliable reference materials for international Chinese teachers going to South Korea to improve their cross-cultural adaptation abilities and promote the reform and innovation of international Chinese education.
文摘目的研究转化生长因子β1(transform ing grow th factor-β1,TGF-β1)和雌激素诱导蛋白PS2在乳腺癌中的表达及其与转移复发和预后的关系。方法应用TGFβ1及PS2抗体免疫组化法对110例有完整随访资料的乳腺癌进行检测。结果TGFβ1和PS2在110例乳腺癌中阳性率分别为56.4%、44.5%;乳腺癌组织中TGFβ1蛋白的表达与组织学分级(χ2=4.503,P<0.05)、淋巴结转移(χ2=8.959,P<0.01)均相关,而在各组织学类型中表达差异无显著性。PS2表达则与临床病理指标均无显著相关性;乳腺癌中PS2蛋白和TGFβ1蛋白的表达与ER、PR分别呈正相关(P<0.05)和显著负相关(P<0.01);除PS2蛋白,TGFβ1、ER及PR阳性表达组转移和复发的发生率与阴性组存在显著差异(P<0.05);作为预后不良的指标,TGFβ1阴性者平均生存时间为(109.25±34.438)个月,5年生存率为97.9%,明显高于阳性者,PS2则无此差异。将TGFβ1和PS2与年龄、淋巴结转移、组织学分级、组织学类型等预后相关指标进行COX多因素分析,结果显示TGF-β1是相对独立的预后因子。结论与PS2相比,TGFβ1与乳腺癌发生发展的关系更加密切。TGFβ1可以作为预测乳腺癌转移和复发独立的预后指标。
