河北省退化山场土壤系统熵研究

根据耗散结构理论,提出用土壤系统熵来表征退化山场土壤的退化程度,并对退化山场土壤及化肥培肥后的土壤系统熵值进行了计算,提出向退化山场土壤生态系统中引入负熵流是改良土壤,使退化山场土壤生态系统稳定有序的必要条件。

生产无公害蔬菜要施生态有机肥

我国加入 WTO 后,农业与国际接轨。就蔬菜生产而言,我国生产实际与国际标准有很大差距。世界卫生组织规定,每千克蔬菜中硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐的含量不得超过4.32毫克、15.6毫克,而我国各地环保部门对蔬菜检测的结果是:许多蔬菜普遍超标。为查清蔬菜的污染源,我们对河北省蔬菜生产现状进行了调查,结果发现施肥不当是蔬菜污染的重要原因。

河流故道区砂质土壤水分运移规律及灌溉制度初探

对河流故道区砂质土壤水分运移规律及灌溉制度研究结果表明,不同灌水量处理灌水后7d内土壤蒸发量差异较小。7年生梨树地灌溉试验表明,增大灌水定额,减少灌水次数可达到节水增效的目的。土壤水分入渗深度在灌水定额为1200m3/hm2时,仍未突破梨树的主要根系范围;而目前群众普遍采用的灌水定额600m3/hm2,生育期内灌水6次的灌溉制度尚不能满足梨树根系对水分的要求。并提出采用梨树地灌水定额为900m3/hm2,生育期内灌水4次的定额足灌制度进行灌溉。

Study on the Characteristics of Main Vegetation Communities in the Limestone Region of Taihang Mountain

[Objective] The aim was to study the characteristics of main vegetation communities in the limestone region of Taihang Mountain,so as to lay foundation for the further improvement of site conditions and the scientific breeding of vegetation used to restore the mountain field in limestone region.[Method] Based on the investigation of various vegetation communities in controlled test area,forbidden region and barren hillsides in Daqing Mountain basin,Beishui Valley,Mancheng County,Hebei Province,the difference among controlled region,forbidden region and barren hillsides could be found through data analysis and composite score,and the modes of vegetation communities in controlled region and forbidden region were compared to select predominant species of arbor,shrub and grass in limestone region.[Result] Under the similar site conditions,nutrient content and physical properties of soil in controlled region and forbidden region were superior to those of barren hillsides,and persimmon had high nutrient content and better physical properties compared with oriental arborvitae in controlled region;soil water maintenance and litter characters in controlled region and forbidden region improved more obviously than that of barren hillsides,and shrubbery in forbidden region was the most excellent,arborvitae and persimmon in controlled region the second;the biomass and the coverage rate of vegetation communities in controlled region and forbidden region were higher than those of barren hillsides,and those of shrubbery in forbidden region were better than tussock in closing hill,while persimmon was better than arborvitae in controlled region.The predominant species of arbor,shrub and herbage were obtained through composite score.[Conclusion] From the aspects of soil nutrient,physical properties,soil water maintenance,litter characters,vegetation biomass,canopy density and coverage,controlled region and forbidden region were superior to barren hillsides,and the selection of predominant species of arbor,shrub and herbage considered both ecological and economic benefits.

北方紫色砂页岩退化山场治理探讨

通过对不同开发年限的北方紫色砂页岩退化山场的研究表明,经开发,土壤颗粒组成和土壤水分不断改善,土壤正向着有利于植被生长的方向发育;20～50 cm的疏松层中,有机质、速效养分(N、P、K)含量显著增加;开发后生物量较开发前分别增长了2.48倍(开发4年)和8.74倍(开发7年),有效改善了退化山场的植被状况.

试论地学在大农业中的应用

地学理论不仅用于探矿找水,在大农业发展中,同样有重要应用价值。本文结合实践,阐述了地学在农业分区、水土流失防治、恶化土壤的改良以及根据地质岩性合理配置植被等方面的作用,为地学知识用于大农业开辟了新途径。