实验以异育银鲫"中科3号"幼鱼(3.2±0.5)g为实验对象,研究螺旋藻粉蛋白替代饲料鱼粉蛋白(0、20%、40%、60%、80%和100%)对鱼摄食、生长、饲料利用和蛋白沉积的影响。实验设计了6种等氮(38%)等脂(10%)等能(16.50 k J)的饲...实验以异育银鲫"中科3号"幼鱼(3.2±0.5)g为实验对象,研究螺旋藻粉蛋白替代饲料鱼粉蛋白(0、20%、40%、60%、80%和100%)对鱼摄食、生长、饲料利用和蛋白沉积的影响。实验设计了6种等氮(38%)等脂(10%)等能(16.50 k J)的饲料,每处理3个重复。采用室内循环水养殖系统,表观饱食投喂。实验水温为(28±3)℃,实验共持续60d。结果发现:随藻粉替代比例的增加,鱼摄食率显著上升;饲料效率则呈显著下降趋势;特定生长率在20%替代组与鱼粉组无显著差异(P>0.05),其他各替代组均显著低于鱼粉组(P<0.05);蛋白沉积率在20%、60%替代时与鱼粉组无显著差异(P>0.05),其他替代组显著低于鱼粉组(P<0.05);肥满度在各替代组均显著低于鱼粉组(P<0.05);鱼体蛋白随藻粉替代比例的增加呈现先持平后降低的趋势,鱼体脂肪则呈先降低后升高的变化;20%、40%和60%替代组全鱼灰分均高于全鱼粉组;肠道消化酶(胰蛋白酶、脂肪酶和α-淀粉酶)在替代组和对照组间均无显著差异(P>0.05);干物质表观消化率随藻粉蛋白替代比例的增加而呈显著上升,蛋白的表观消化率则呈显著下降趋势,总磷表观消化率在20%替代时最低,在100%替代时最高。综合特定生长率和蛋白沉积率情况,当鲫幼鱼饲料中鱼粉含量约为50%,且鱼粉为唯一蛋白源时,螺旋藻粉蛋白可替代饲料中20%鱼粉蛋白。展开更多
Cottonseed meal(CM) was used at up to 36.95% content in the diet(replacing 60% of dietary fish meal protein) without any negative effects on growth performance of pre-adult grass carp(initial body weight,761 g) under ...Cottonseed meal(CM) was used at up to 36.95% content in the diet(replacing 60% of dietary fish meal protein) without any negative effects on growth performance of pre-adult grass carp(initial body weight,761 g) under outdoor conditions.A culture trial was conducted in net cages installed in a large concrete pond.Seven isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets containing a gradient of CM concentrations(0,12.2%,24.4%,36.6%,48.8%,54.8%,and 61.0%) as replacement for dietary fish meal protein(0,20%,40%,60%,80%,90%,and 100%) were formulated.Dietary non-resistant starch(from maize) was inverse to dietary CM.Growth performance and feed utilization of fish fed the diets containing CM replacing 0-40% fishmeal protein were not affected after the 6-week feeding trial.Accumulation of hepatopancreatic total gossypol in the hepatopancreas was significantly correlated with free gossypol content in the diets(HTG=88.6+1.5×DFG,R^2=0.89,P<0.05).Intestinal a-amylase and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase activities rose along with increasing dietary CM level.The structure of the mid-intestinal tissues and the ultrastructure of the enterocyte microvilli were normal when dietary CM was <36.6%(60% protein replacement).Increasing dietary CM content increased serum alanine aminotransferase levels but decreased serum alkaline phosphatase,cholesterol,high-density lipoprotein cholesterol,low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,triglycerides,and albumin(P<0.05).展开更多
实验以异育银鲫"中科3号"[Carassis gibelio var. CAS Ⅲ,平均体重(116.46±2.09) g)]为研究对象,通过模拟汽车运输振动台模拟4h运输,研究模拟运输对异育银鲫血液生理生化指标、体色和肉质及水质的影响。研究结果表明:经...实验以异育银鲫"中科3号"[Carassis gibelio var. CAS Ⅲ,平均体重(116.46±2.09) g)]为研究对象,通过模拟汽车运输振动台模拟4h运输,研究模拟运输对异育银鲫血液生理生化指标、体色和肉质及水质的影响。研究结果表明:经过模拟运输后,运鱼袋内水体氨氮显著升高(P<0.01), pH显著下降(P<0.05),溶解氧含量升高(P<0.05)。模拟运输后异育银鲫血浆中皮质醇、葡萄糖和丙二醛浓度显著升高(P<0.01);乳酸浓度显著降低(P<0.01);谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活力显著降低(P<0.05);超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶活力降低但差异不显著(P>0.05)。在模拟运输4h后,异育银鲫背部亮度值(L*)显著降低(P<0.01),黄色值(b*)在背部和侧线部较模拟运输前显著降低(P<0.01),在腹部较模拟运输前显著降低(P<0.05),侧线部和腹部的亮度值(L*),以及背部、侧线部和腹部的红色值(a*)下降但差异不显著(P>0.05)。在模拟运输后,异育银鲫背肌内聚性、咀嚼性和回复性显著降低(P<0.05),硬度、胶黏性、弹性和黏性变化但差异不显著(P>0.05)。实验结果表明, 4h模拟运输能够引起运鱼袋水体水质情况改变,诱导异育银鲫鱼体的应激反应,导致实验鱼体色和鱼肉品质相关指标的变化,降低了鱼肉品质部分指标。展开更多
文摘实验以异育银鲫"中科3号"幼鱼(3.2±0.5)g为实验对象,研究螺旋藻粉蛋白替代饲料鱼粉蛋白(0、20%、40%、60%、80%和100%)对鱼摄食、生长、饲料利用和蛋白沉积的影响。实验设计了6种等氮(38%)等脂(10%)等能(16.50 k J)的饲料,每处理3个重复。采用室内循环水养殖系统,表观饱食投喂。实验水温为(28±3)℃,实验共持续60d。结果发现:随藻粉替代比例的增加,鱼摄食率显著上升;饲料效率则呈显著下降趋势;特定生长率在20%替代组与鱼粉组无显著差异(P>0.05),其他各替代组均显著低于鱼粉组(P<0.05);蛋白沉积率在20%、60%替代时与鱼粉组无显著差异(P>0.05),其他替代组显著低于鱼粉组(P<0.05);肥满度在各替代组均显著低于鱼粉组(P<0.05);鱼体蛋白随藻粉替代比例的增加呈现先持平后降低的趋势,鱼体脂肪则呈先降低后升高的变化;20%、40%和60%替代组全鱼灰分均高于全鱼粉组;肠道消化酶(胰蛋白酶、脂肪酶和α-淀粉酶)在替代组和对照组间均无显著差异(P>0.05);干物质表观消化率随藻粉蛋白替代比例的增加而呈显著上升,蛋白的表观消化率则呈显著下降趋势,总磷表观消化率在20%替代时最低,在100%替代时最高。综合特定生长率和蛋白沉积率情况,当鲫幼鱼饲料中鱼粉含量约为50%,且鱼粉为唯一蛋白源时,螺旋藻粉蛋白可替代饲料中20%鱼粉蛋白。
基金Supported by the Modern Agro-Industry Technology Research System(No.CARS-46-19)the Special Fund for Agro-Scientific Research in the Public Interest(No.201303053)+2 种基金the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program)(No.2014CB138602)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31101908)the Fund Project in the State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology(No.2014FBZ04)
文摘Cottonseed meal(CM) was used at up to 36.95% content in the diet(replacing 60% of dietary fish meal protein) without any negative effects on growth performance of pre-adult grass carp(initial body weight,761 g) under outdoor conditions.A culture trial was conducted in net cages installed in a large concrete pond.Seven isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets containing a gradient of CM concentrations(0,12.2%,24.4%,36.6%,48.8%,54.8%,and 61.0%) as replacement for dietary fish meal protein(0,20%,40%,60%,80%,90%,and 100%) were formulated.Dietary non-resistant starch(from maize) was inverse to dietary CM.Growth performance and feed utilization of fish fed the diets containing CM replacing 0-40% fishmeal protein were not affected after the 6-week feeding trial.Accumulation of hepatopancreatic total gossypol in the hepatopancreas was significantly correlated with free gossypol content in the diets(HTG=88.6+1.5×DFG,R^2=0.89,P<0.05).Intestinal a-amylase and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase activities rose along with increasing dietary CM level.The structure of the mid-intestinal tissues and the ultrastructure of the enterocyte microvilli were normal when dietary CM was <36.6%(60% protein replacement).Increasing dietary CM content increased serum alanine aminotransferase levels but decreased serum alkaline phosphatase,cholesterol,high-density lipoprotein cholesterol,low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,triglycerides,and albumin(P<0.05).
文摘实验以异育银鲫"中科3号"[Carassis gibelio var. CAS Ⅲ,平均体重(116.46±2.09) g)]为研究对象,通过模拟汽车运输振动台模拟4h运输,研究模拟运输对异育银鲫血液生理生化指标、体色和肉质及水质的影响。研究结果表明:经过模拟运输后,运鱼袋内水体氨氮显著升高(P<0.01), pH显著下降(P<0.05),溶解氧含量升高(P<0.05)。模拟运输后异育银鲫血浆中皮质醇、葡萄糖和丙二醛浓度显著升高(P<0.01);乳酸浓度显著降低(P<0.01);谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活力显著降低(P<0.05);超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶活力降低但差异不显著(P>0.05)。在模拟运输4h后,异育银鲫背部亮度值(L*)显著降低(P<0.01),黄色值(b*)在背部和侧线部较模拟运输前显著降低(P<0.01),在腹部较模拟运输前显著降低(P<0.05),侧线部和腹部的亮度值(L*),以及背部、侧线部和腹部的红色值(a*)下降但差异不显著(P>0.05)。在模拟运输后,异育银鲫背肌内聚性、咀嚼性和回复性显著降低(P<0.05),硬度、胶黏性、弹性和黏性变化但差异不显著(P>0.05)。实验结果表明, 4h模拟运输能够引起运鱼袋水体水质情况改变,诱导异育银鲫鱼体的应激反应,导致实验鱼体色和鱼肉品质相关指标的变化,降低了鱼肉品质部分指标。
