【目的】通过探讨青海省西宁市某规模化奶牛场病死牛源多杀性巴氏杆菌的荚膜血清型、耐药性和毒力基因分布情况,为多杀性巴氏杆菌引起的牛呼吸道疾病的治疗和预防提供参考。【方法】对病死牛肺脏样本进行细菌分离,通过菌落观察和染色镜...【目的】通过探讨青海省西宁市某规模化奶牛场病死牛源多杀性巴氏杆菌的荚膜血清型、耐药性和毒力基因分布情况,为多杀性巴氏杆菌引起的牛呼吸道疾病的治疗和预防提供参考。【方法】对病死牛肺脏样本进行细菌分离,通过菌落观察和染色镜检、生化鉴定、特异性引物扩增、16S rRNA测序分析及系统发育树构建、荚膜血清及脂多糖分型、毒力基因检测、致病性试验和药敏试验对分离菌进行鉴定和病原特性评价。【结果】肺脏样本中分离得到的菌落呈现灰白色中间微凹陷的露珠样,未出现溶血环;革兰染色可见粉红色球杆菌;瑞氏染色可见两端浓染的蓝色球杆菌。生化鉴定结果显示,分离菌株D-葡萄糖、D-甘露醇、D-甘露糖、酪氨酸芳胺酶、磷酸酶、COURMARATE和ELLMAN反应结果为阳性;16S rRNA测序结果显示,分离菌株与多种多杀性巴氏杆菌相似性>95%,鉴定分离得到的菌株为多杀性巴氏杆菌,命名为XN222。荚膜血清分型及脂多糖分型结果显示,分离菌株XN222的荚膜血清分型为D型,其脂多糖分型为L3和L5型。毒力基因扩增结果显示,分离菌株XN222携带ptfA、fimA、hsf-2、sodA、tbpA、sodC等共计19种毒力基因。小鼠致病性试验结果显示,注射0.2 mL 1.5×10^(8)CFU/mL菌液,可导致100%(10/10)小鼠死亡,说明分离菌株XN222具有较强的致病能力。药敏试验结果显示,分离菌株XN222对头孢噻呋、左氧氟沙星、恩诺沙星、马波杀星、四环素和青霉素等15种抗菌药均敏感,对泰乐菌素中度敏感。【结论】本研究分离获得1株致病力较强的D型多杀性巴氏杆菌,该菌株的发现丰富了国内牛源多杀性巴氏杆菌亚型,可为多杀性巴氏杆菌引起的牛呼吸道疾病的防治、病原学调查和巴氏杆菌多价苗研制等提供生物素材。展开更多
Infrared(IR)spectral energy distribution(SED)is the major tracer of protoplanetary disks.It was recently proposed to use the near-to-mid IR(or K-24)SED slopeαdefined between 2 and 24μm as a potential quantitative tr...Infrared(IR)spectral energy distribution(SED)is the major tracer of protoplanetary disks.It was recently proposed to use the near-to-mid IR(or K-24)SED slopeαdefined between 2 and 24μm as a potential quantitative tracer of disk age.We critically examine the viability of this idea and confront it with additional statistics of IR luminosities and SED shapes.We point out that,because the statistical properties of most of the complicated physical factors involved in disk evolution are still poorly understood in a quantitative sense,the only viable way is to assume them to be random so that an idealized“average disk”can be defined,which allows theαhistogram to trace its age.We confirm that the statistics of the zeroth order(luminosity),first order(slopeα),and second order characteristics(concavity)of the observed K-24 SEDs indeed carry useful information upon the evolutionary processes of the“average disk”.We also stress that intrinsic diversities in K-24 SED shapes and luminosities are always large at the level of individual stars so that the application of the evolutionary path of the“average disk”to individual stars must be done with care.The data of most curves in plots are provided on GitHub(Disk-age package https://github.com/starage/disk-age/).展开更多
文摘【目的】通过探讨青海省西宁市某规模化奶牛场病死牛源多杀性巴氏杆菌的荚膜血清型、耐药性和毒力基因分布情况,为多杀性巴氏杆菌引起的牛呼吸道疾病的治疗和预防提供参考。【方法】对病死牛肺脏样本进行细菌分离,通过菌落观察和染色镜检、生化鉴定、特异性引物扩增、16S rRNA测序分析及系统发育树构建、荚膜血清及脂多糖分型、毒力基因检测、致病性试验和药敏试验对分离菌进行鉴定和病原特性评价。【结果】肺脏样本中分离得到的菌落呈现灰白色中间微凹陷的露珠样,未出现溶血环;革兰染色可见粉红色球杆菌;瑞氏染色可见两端浓染的蓝色球杆菌。生化鉴定结果显示,分离菌株D-葡萄糖、D-甘露醇、D-甘露糖、酪氨酸芳胺酶、磷酸酶、COURMARATE和ELLMAN反应结果为阳性;16S rRNA测序结果显示,分离菌株与多种多杀性巴氏杆菌相似性>95%,鉴定分离得到的菌株为多杀性巴氏杆菌,命名为XN222。荚膜血清分型及脂多糖分型结果显示,分离菌株XN222的荚膜血清分型为D型,其脂多糖分型为L3和L5型。毒力基因扩增结果显示,分离菌株XN222携带ptfA、fimA、hsf-2、sodA、tbpA、sodC等共计19种毒力基因。小鼠致病性试验结果显示,注射0.2 mL 1.5×10^(8)CFU/mL菌液,可导致100%(10/10)小鼠死亡,说明分离菌株XN222具有较强的致病能力。药敏试验结果显示,分离菌株XN222对头孢噻呋、左氧氟沙星、恩诺沙星、马波杀星、四环素和青霉素等15种抗菌药均敏感,对泰乐菌素中度敏感。【结论】本研究分离获得1株致病力较强的D型多杀性巴氏杆菌,该菌株的发现丰富了国内牛源多杀性巴氏杆菌亚型,可为多杀性巴氏杆菌引起的牛呼吸道疾病的防治、病原学调查和巴氏杆菌多价苗研制等提供生物素材。
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Yunnan Province(No.202201 BC070003)supported by the ANID FONDECYT Postdoctoral program No.3220029+2 种基金support by ANID,—Millennium Science Initiative Program—NCN19_171sponsored(in part)by the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)the CAS South America Center for Astronomy(CASSACA)in Santiago,Chile.
文摘Infrared(IR)spectral energy distribution(SED)is the major tracer of protoplanetary disks.It was recently proposed to use the near-to-mid IR(or K-24)SED slopeαdefined between 2 and 24μm as a potential quantitative tracer of disk age.We critically examine the viability of this idea and confront it with additional statistics of IR luminosities and SED shapes.We point out that,because the statistical properties of most of the complicated physical factors involved in disk evolution are still poorly understood in a quantitative sense,the only viable way is to assume them to be random so that an idealized“average disk”can be defined,which allows theαhistogram to trace its age.We confirm that the statistics of the zeroth order(luminosity),first order(slopeα),and second order characteristics(concavity)of the observed K-24 SEDs indeed carry useful information upon the evolutionary processes of the“average disk”.We also stress that intrinsic diversities in K-24 SED shapes and luminosities are always large at the level of individual stars so that the application of the evolutionary path of the“average disk”to individual stars must be done with care.The data of most curves in plots are provided on GitHub(Disk-age package https://github.com/starage/disk-age/).
