非互易热辐射研究综述

非互易热辐射是一种突破传统基尔霍夫定律对称互易性的辐射传热新方式,它打破了物体光谱定向发射率与光谱定向吸收率必须相等的限制,实现了辐射器光谱、角度发射率和吸收率在时间和空间上的独立控制。本文综述了非互易热辐射在理论计算、实验验证和应用方面的研究进展,从基尔霍夫定律与洛伦兹互易性之间的内在联系出发,阐述了非互易热辐射产生的必要条件,以磁光材料In As和外尔半金属两种典型材料为例探讨了如何构建非对称结构和利用外部场调控,产生多波段、多角度的非互易热辐射,并应用于太阳能电池、热光伏系统等领域,成功突破了热辐射的黑体极限并在理论上达到朗斯堡极限,提升了能源的转换效率。未来非互易热辐射有望为能源有效利用和节能减排提供有力的支持,推动前沿材料研究和技术创新,为可持续发展注入新的动力和活力。

Near-field radiative heat transfer between nanoporous GaN films

Photon tunneling effects give rise to surface waves,amplifying radiative heat transfer in the near-field regime.Recent research has highlighted that the introduction of nanopores into materials creates additional pathways for heat transfer,leading to a substantial enhancement of near-field radiative heat transfer(NFRHT).Being a direct bandgap semiconductor,GaN has high thermal conductivity and stable resistance at high temperatures,and holds significant potential for applications in optoelectronic devices.Indeed,study of NFRHT between nanoporous GaN films is currently lacking,hence the physical mechanism for adding nanopores to GaN films remains to be discussed in the field of NFRHT.In this work,we delve into the NFRHT of GaN nanoporous films in terms of gap distance,GaN film thickness and the vacuum filling ratio.The results demonstrate a 27.2%increase in heat flux for a 10 nm gap when the nanoporous filling ratio is 0.5.Moreover,the spectral heat flux exhibits redshift with increase in the vacuum filling ratio.To be more precise,the peak of spectral heat flux moves fromω=1.31×10^(14)rad·s^(-1)toω=1.23×10^(14)rad·s^(-1)when the vacuum filling ratio changes from f=0.1 to f=0.5;this can be attributed to the excitation of surface phonon polaritons.The introduction of graphene into these configurations can highly enhance the NFRHT,and the spectral heat flux exhibits a blueshift with increase in the vacuum filling ratio,which can be explained by the excitation of surface plasmon polaritons.These findings offer theoretical insights that can guide the extensive utilization of porous structures in thermal control,management and thermal modulation.

Influence of substrate effect on near-field radiative modulator based on biaxial hyperbolic materials

Relative rotation between the emitter and receiver could effectively modulate the near-field radiative heat transfer(NFRHT)in anisotropic media.Due to the strong in-plane anisotropy,natural hyperbolic materials can be used to construct near-field radiative modulators with excellent modulation effects.However,in practical applications,natural hyperbolic materials need to be deposited on the substrate,and the influence of substrate on modulation effect has not been studied yet.In this work,we investigate the influence of substrate effect on near-field radiative modulator based onα-MoO_(3).The results show that compared to the situation without a substrate,the presence of both lossless and lossy substrate will reduce the modulation contrast(MC)for different film thicknesses.When the real or imaginary component of the substrate permittivity increases,the mismatch of hyperbolic phonon polaritons(HPPs)weakens,resulting in a reduction in MC.By reducing the real and imaginary components of substrate permittivity,the MC can be significantly improved,reaching 4.64 forε_(s)=3 at t=10 nm.This work indicates that choosing a substrate with a smaller permittivity helps to achieve a better modulation effect,and provides guidance for the application of natural hyperbolic materials in the near-field radiative modulator.

定向热辐射研究进展

热辐射是一种基本的物理过程,指温度高于绝对零度的物体由于粒子的热运动自发地发射电磁能量。大多数热辐射体缺乏方向性,导致能量在不必要的方向上损失,从而降低热器件和应用的效率。在实际应用中,通常需要热辐射器在不同方向上表现出不同的热辐射能力,因此,在高效热传输中,控制热发射的方向性至关重要。定向热辐射的研究对于热成像和传感、辐射冷却、红外加密和能源利用等领域具有重要意义。本文首先阐述了传统热辐射与定向热辐射的区别,以及后者在科学前沿的潜在价值。随后,基于热辐射的特性,从窄带定向热辐射和宽带定向热辐射两个方面系统整理了国内外学者在定向热辐射方面的研究进展。最后,展望了该领域未来的研究趋势,剖析了其面临的重大挑战,旨在为定向热辐射技术的进一步发展提供理论指导与实践启示。

含片状金属粒子复合涂层辐射特性研究

含金属片状粒子复合涂层的涂料通常是由粘结剂(树脂类材料)、金属颗粒和其他功能助剂组成,广泛的应用于能源、建筑、航空航天和军事等诸多领域。将复合涂料涂覆于目标物体表面所形成的涂层,可实现光谱选择性调控的功能。目前的理论计算模型,主要是基于几何光学理论、经典K-M理论以及有效介质理论,大部分工作集中在含球形颗粒涂层的研究.本文将基于几何光学理论,使用蒙特卡洛射线追踪(MCRT)模型,研究片状平行随机分布铝颗粒及丙烯酸树脂复合涂层的光谱辐射特性,分析了粒子的体积分数、粒子尺寸参数对涂层光谱发射率的影响。

半透明随形粒子形貌对近场辐射的影响研究

本文以半透明粒子材料作为研究对象,通过变换粒子表面粗糙度建立了随形粒子近场辐射的传输模型,并引入时域有限差分偶极子法模拟粒子的辐射涨落电流和辐射传热,通过与圆球形粒子的解析解进行对比验证了本方法的正确性,并分析了不同随形粒子间的近场辐射特性。研究结果显示,在谱带1∼10µm范围内,随着粒子表面粗糙度的增大,粒子间辐射当量热导率逐渐下降,粗糙度与圆球形粒子辐射当量热导率的相对偏差在5%以下,影响较小。