川金丝猴(Rhinopithecus roxellana)是旧大陆猴,隶属于猴科(Cercopithecidae)疣猴亚科(Colobinae)仰鼻猴属(Rhinopithecus),是我国特有的三种金丝猴之一(向左甫,2020)。尽管川金丝猴交配行为全年存在,但出生却表现明显季节性特点(Xiang ...川金丝猴(Rhinopithecus roxellana)是旧大陆猴,隶属于猴科(Cercopithecidae)疣猴亚科(Colobinae)仰鼻猴属(Rhinopithecus),是我国特有的三种金丝猴之一(向左甫,2020)。尽管川金丝猴交配行为全年存在,但出生却表现明显季节性特点(Xiang et al.,2017;陆展滔等,2024)。研究表明,季节性繁殖的灵长类动物猕猴(Macaca mulatta)(Waitt et al.,2003)和滇金丝猴(Rhinopithecus bieti)(Grueter et al.,2015)面部颜色均具有季节性变化。展开更多
Male allocare among nonhuman primates has frequently been investigated from the perspective of the caretaker. Here we examined whether male allocare relates to environmental factors or the females＇ energetic stress. ...Male allocare among nonhuman primates has frequently been investigated from the perspective of the caretaker. Here we examined whether male allocare relates to environmental factors or the females＇ energetic stress. We researched the possible differences of allocare between sexes in free-ranging black-and-white snub-nosed monkeys （Rhinopithecus bieti） in Tibet. A combination of stepwise least squares regression analysis was used to identify the influence of ecological factors （temperature, rainfall, etc.） and infant age that best account for seasonal variation of allocare. The results indicate, except for the functions of infant age, however, that male allocare is a negative function of temperature and female allocare is a positive function of temperature. Specifically, we tested the energetic stress hypothesis, which predicts that the energetic burden of females in a severe environment favour an increased rate of male allocare during the seasons of high energetic stress. We analyzed the allocare difference between high energetic stress season （Mar - Apr）, when temperature was low, food availability was scarce, and infants were young, and low energetic stress season （Jun - Aug）, based on data obtained during June 2003 - June 2004. Our results supported the energetic stress hypothesis because male allocare in high energetic stress season was higher than that of in low energetic stress season and female allocate was reverse. Therefore, we propose it is the energetic stress on female that make male allocare possible. Male take these interests for other aims and meet some functional hypothesis, which are addressed from the perspective of the male.展开更多
Found in the Trans-Himalayas of north-west Yunnan and south-east Tibet, the black-and-white snub-nosed monkey （Rhinopithecus bieti） is one of the world’s most endangered primates. A recent survey indicates that onl...Found in the Trans-Himalayas of north-west Yunnan and south-east Tibet, the black-and-white snub-nosed monkey （Rhinopithecus bieti） is one of the world’s most endangered primates. A recent survey indicates that only 15 groups with 2500 individuals remain in the wild. However, the Tibetan Xiaochangdu group may be the only equilibrium group in the field since the last investigation in 1988. To evaluate the effects of traditional culture and socioeconomic activity on biodiversity conservation of R. bieti, we conducted a case study in the Honglaxueshan National Nature Reserve in southeast Tibet from June 2003 to May 2005. Interviews, direct observations, and analysis of socioeconomic data indicated major advantages to the conservation of R. bieti, which included that： 1） traditional culture mainly depended on raising livestock and collecting non-timber products rather than forest planting of Tibetan highland barley; 2） religious beliefs, against to kill any wildlife living on the sacred mountain, were mainly influenced by Tibetan Buddhism; and 3） bigger household numbers were induced by the polyandrous marriage system, which resulted in lower per capita resource consumption than smaller ones.展开更多
灵长类动物类固醇激素的研究已经在很多物种间展开（Cariso et al.,1999;Lutz et al.,2000;He et al.,2001;Yan and Jiang,2006;Brandon et al.,2008;Lu et al.,2010;Kim et al.,2012）。特别是对于没有明显发情特征的灵长类动物,类固...灵长类动物类固醇激素的研究已经在很多物种间展开（Cariso et al.,1999;Lutz et al.,2000;He et al.,2001;Yan and Jiang,2006;Brandon et al.,2008;Lu et al.,2010;Kim et al.,2012）。特别是对于没有明显发情特征的灵长类动物,类固醇激素的变化可以为它们的繁殖状态提供更多可靠的评估（Fujita et al.,2001）。展开更多
From August 2007 to June 2008,the diet and social structure of a group of gray snub-nosed monkeys(Rhinopithecus brelichi) were studied at Yangaoping in Fanjingshan National Nature Reserve,Guizhou.The results revealed ...From August 2007 to June 2008,the diet and social structure of a group of gray snub-nosed monkeys(Rhinopithecus brelichi) were studied at Yangaoping in Fanjingshan National Nature Reserve,Guizhou.The results revealed that the gray snub-nosed monkey mainly fed on leaves,buds,fruits and flowers,accounting for 33.5%,29.1%,24.3%,and 6.9% of their diet,respectively.Besides those main food items,bark,calyxes and insects were also recorded.The social unit of the species is multi-female,single-male units,and these social units(or families) often ranged and rested together in large,semi-cohesive bands.At least one all-male unit,which was composed of 2-5 adult and sub-adult males was found on the periphery of the bands.The adult sex ratio(male vs female,excepting the all-male group) was 1∶2.5.These bands displayed a temporary fission-fusion phenomenon.In summer and autumn the bands form large aggregations of over 400 animals,but in winter the bands split up temporarily into several small groups with 50-200 animals.展开更多
Faeces were counted along horizontal, 5.0m wide strips at altitude intervals of 100m to examine the altitudinal ranging pattern of a band of black-and-white snub-nosed monkeys （Rhinopithecus bieti） at Nanren （99...Faeces were counted along horizontal, 5.0m wide strips at altitude intervals of 100m to examine the altitudinal ranging pattern of a band of black-and-white snub-nosed monkeys （Rhinopithecus bieti） at Nanren （99°04′E, 28°34′N, Baima Snow Mountain Nature Reverse, Yunnan, China） at four areas in each season between 2000-2001. Faeces were also counted along vertical, 2.5 m wide strips in one subvalley and on one subridge in each area. Monkeys used an altitudinal range of 3500-4300m, but preferred occupying the upper forest belt between 3900 and 4200m asl year-round, being at the highest altitude in summer, the lowest altitude in spring, and middle altitudes between autumn and winter （lower in winter than autumn）. Moreover, there were secondary peaks of lower altitude use （3700m） in spring and winter. In addition, more faeces were distributed in subvalleys than on subridges in winter, this suggests that monkeys tend to spend more time in subvalleys where there is less wind and fluctuating temperatures. The significant correlation between faecal density and lichen load might indicate that altitudinal distribution of food resources may act as an important factor affecting the monkeys＇ range. The monkeys might migrate to lower altitudes to eat young sprouts and leaves in spring, and to shelter from snowstorms in winter, possibly resulting in the secondary peaks at lower altitudes.展开更多
文摘川金丝猴(Rhinopithecus roxellana)是旧大陆猴,隶属于猴科(Cercopithecidae)疣猴亚科(Colobinae)仰鼻猴属(Rhinopithecus),是我国特有的三种金丝猴之一(向左甫,2020)。尽管川金丝猴交配行为全年存在,但出生却表现明显季节性特点(Xiang et al.,2017;陆展滔等,2024)。研究表明,季节性繁殖的灵长类动物猕猴(Macaca mulatta)(Waitt et al.,2003)和滇金丝猴(Rhinopithecus bieti)(Grueter et al.,2015)面部颜色均具有季节性变化。
基金The Innovation Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(grants KSCX2-1-03,KSCX2-1-09)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(30870375)~~
文摘Male allocare among nonhuman primates has frequently been investigated from the perspective of the caretaker. Here we examined whether male allocare relates to environmental factors or the females＇ energetic stress. We researched the possible differences of allocare between sexes in free-ranging black-and-white snub-nosed monkeys （Rhinopithecus bieti） in Tibet. A combination of stepwise least squares regression analysis was used to identify the influence of ecological factors （temperature, rainfall, etc.） and infant age that best account for seasonal variation of allocare. The results indicate, except for the functions of infant age, however, that male allocare is a negative function of temperature and female allocare is a positive function of temperature. Specifically, we tested the energetic stress hypothesis, which predicts that the energetic burden of females in a severe environment favour an increased rate of male allocare during the seasons of high energetic stress. We analyzed the allocare difference between high energetic stress season （Mar - Apr）, when temperature was low, food availability was scarce, and infants were young, and low energetic stress season （Jun - Aug）, based on data obtained during June 2003 - June 2004. Our results supported the energetic stress hypothesis because male allocare in high energetic stress season was higher than that of in low energetic stress season and female allocate was reverse. Therefore, we propose it is the energetic stress on female that make male allocare possible. Male take these interests for other aims and meet some functional hypothesis, which are addressed from the perspective of the male.
基金supported by the Chinese Academy of Sciences (KSCX2-1-03)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30870375, 31071937)the Central South University of Forestry & Technology (101-0654)
文摘Found in the Trans-Himalayas of north-west Yunnan and south-east Tibet, the black-and-white snub-nosed monkey （Rhinopithecus bieti） is one of the world’s most endangered primates. A recent survey indicates that only 15 groups with 2500 individuals remain in the wild. However, the Tibetan Xiaochangdu group may be the only equilibrium group in the field since the last investigation in 1988. To evaluate the effects of traditional culture and socioeconomic activity on biodiversity conservation of R. bieti, we conducted a case study in the Honglaxueshan National Nature Reserve in southeast Tibet from June 2003 to May 2005. Interviews, direct observations, and analysis of socioeconomic data indicated major advantages to the conservation of R. bieti, which included that： 1） traditional culture mainly depended on raising livestock and collecting non-timber products rather than forest planting of Tibetan highland barley; 2） religious beliefs, against to kill any wildlife living on the sacred mountain, were mainly influenced by Tibetan Buddhism; and 3） bigger household numbers were induced by the polyandrous marriage system, which resulted in lower per capita resource consumption than smaller ones.
文摘灵长类动物类固醇激素的研究已经在很多物种间展开（Cariso et al.,1999;Lutz et al.,2000;He et al.,2001;Yan and Jiang,2006;Brandon et al.,2008;Lu et al.,2010;Kim et al.,2012）。特别是对于没有明显发情特征的灵长类动物,类固醇激素的变化可以为它们的繁殖状态提供更多可靠的评估（Fujita et al.,2001）。
文摘From August 2007 to June 2008,the diet and social structure of a group of gray snub-nosed monkeys(Rhinopithecus brelichi) were studied at Yangaoping in Fanjingshan National Nature Reserve,Guizhou.The results revealed that the gray snub-nosed monkey mainly fed on leaves,buds,fruits and flowers,accounting for 33.5%,29.1%,24.3%,and 6.9% of their diet,respectively.Besides those main food items,bark,calyxes and insects were also recorded.The social unit of the species is multi-female,single-male units,and these social units(or families) often ranged and rested together in large,semi-cohesive bands.At least one all-male unit,which was composed of 2-5 adult and sub-adult males was found on the periphery of the bands.The adult sex ratio(male vs female,excepting the all-male group) was 1∶2.5.These bands displayed a temporary fission-fusion phenomenon.In summer and autumn the bands form large aggregations of over 400 animals,but in winter the bands split up temporarily into several small groups with 50-200 animals.
基金Doctoral Research Startup Grant at Southwest Forestry CollegeThe Chinese Academy of Science(KSCX2-1-03)
文摘Faeces were counted along horizontal, 5.0m wide strips at altitude intervals of 100m to examine the altitudinal ranging pattern of a band of black-and-white snub-nosed monkeys （Rhinopithecus bieti） at Nanren （99°04′E, 28°34′N, Baima Snow Mountain Nature Reverse, Yunnan, China） at four areas in each season between 2000-2001. Faeces were also counted along vertical, 2.5 m wide strips in one subvalley and on one subridge in each area. Monkeys used an altitudinal range of 3500-4300m, but preferred occupying the upper forest belt between 3900 and 4200m asl year-round, being at the highest altitude in summer, the lowest altitude in spring, and middle altitudes between autumn and winter （lower in winter than autumn）. Moreover, there were secondary peaks of lower altitude use （3700m） in spring and winter. In addition, more faeces were distributed in subvalleys than on subridges in winter, this suggests that monkeys tend to spend more time in subvalleys where there is less wind and fluctuating temperatures. The significant correlation between faecal density and lichen load might indicate that altitudinal distribution of food resources may act as an important factor affecting the monkeys＇ range. The monkeys might migrate to lower altitudes to eat young sprouts and leaves in spring, and to shelter from snowstorms in winter, possibly resulting in the secondary peaks at lower altitudes.
