目的分析我国老年共病患者间存在的经济水平相关的门诊服务利用不平等现象及原因。方法获取中国健康与养老追踪调查数据库(China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study,CHARLS)中2018年追访数据,计算我国老年共病患者门诊服务利用...目的分析我国老年共病患者间存在的经济水平相关的门诊服务利用不平等现象及原因。方法获取中国健康与养老追踪调查数据库(China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study,CHARLS)中2018年追访数据,计算我国老年共病患者门诊服务利用的集中指数(concentration index,CI)和水平不公平指数(horizontal inequity,HI)以衡量我国老年共病患者门诊服务利用的不平等;采用logit回归模型对CI进行分解,分析患者家庭人均消费支出、受教育程度(未受教育、小学及以下、中学、高中及以上)、医疗保险(无医疗保险、城镇职工基本医疗保险、城乡居民基本医疗保险、其他)、慢性病患病数量等变量对不平等的贡献程度。结果老年共病患者的总体门诊服务利用率为19.71%,CI=0.055。城镇和农村老年共病患者门诊服务利用的CI分别为0.098和0.044。患3种慢性病的患者门诊服务利用的CI为负数(-0.015),患2种、4种、5种和6种及以上慢性病的患者门诊服务利用的CI分别为0.063、0.095、0.076和0.032。老年共病患者门诊服务利用的HI为0.218(城镇和农村分别为0.325和0.185)。对老年共病患者门诊服务利用的CI进行分解,自评健康状况、医疗保险、慢性病患病数量和家庭人均消费支出对不平等的贡献率分别为35.24%、19.77%、13.67%和9.28%。结论我国老年共病患者的门诊服务利用率随慢性病患病数量增加而上升,且城镇患者利用率高于农村患者。老年共病患者门诊服务利用倾向于集中在相对富裕的群体中,在卫生服务需要相同的情况下不平等现象仍然存在。自评健康状况、慢性病患病数量、医疗保险和家庭人均消费支出是造成门诊服务利用不平等的主要因素。展开更多
Quantum dialogue(QD)enables two communication parties to directly exchange secret messages simultaneously.In conventional QD protocols,photons need to transmit in the quantum channel for two rounds.In this paper,we pr...Quantum dialogue(QD)enables two communication parties to directly exchange secret messages simultaneously.In conventional QD protocols,photons need to transmit in the quantum channel for two rounds.In this paper,we propose a one-step QD protocol based on the hyperentanglement.With the help of the non-local hyperentanglement-assisted Bell state measurement(BSM),the photons only need to transmit in the quantum channel once.We prove that our one-step QD protocol is secure in theory and numerically simulate its secret message capacity under practical experimental condition.Compared with previous QD protocols,the one-step QD protocol can effectively simplify the experiment operations and reduce the message loss caused by the photon transmission loss.Meanwhile,the non-local hyperentanglement-assisted BSM has a success probability of 100%and is feasible with linear optical elements.Moreover,combined with the hyperentanglement heralded amplification and purification,our protocol is possible to realize long-distance one-step QD.展开更多
文摘目的分析我国老年共病患者间存在的经济水平相关的门诊服务利用不平等现象及原因。方法获取中国健康与养老追踪调查数据库(China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study,CHARLS)中2018年追访数据,计算我国老年共病患者门诊服务利用的集中指数(concentration index,CI)和水平不公平指数(horizontal inequity,HI)以衡量我国老年共病患者门诊服务利用的不平等;采用logit回归模型对CI进行分解,分析患者家庭人均消费支出、受教育程度(未受教育、小学及以下、中学、高中及以上)、医疗保险(无医疗保险、城镇职工基本医疗保险、城乡居民基本医疗保险、其他)、慢性病患病数量等变量对不平等的贡献程度。结果老年共病患者的总体门诊服务利用率为19.71%,CI=0.055。城镇和农村老年共病患者门诊服务利用的CI分别为0.098和0.044。患3种慢性病的患者门诊服务利用的CI为负数(-0.015),患2种、4种、5种和6种及以上慢性病的患者门诊服务利用的CI分别为0.063、0.095、0.076和0.032。老年共病患者门诊服务利用的HI为0.218(城镇和农村分别为0.325和0.185)。对老年共病患者门诊服务利用的CI进行分解,自评健康状况、医疗保险、慢性病患病数量和家庭人均消费支出对不平等的贡献率分别为35.24%、19.77%、13.67%和9.28%。结论我国老年共病患者的门诊服务利用率随慢性病患病数量增加而上升,且城镇患者利用率高于农村患者。老年共病患者门诊服务利用倾向于集中在相对富裕的群体中,在卫生服务需要相同的情况下不平等现象仍然存在。自评健康状况、慢性病患病数量、医疗保险和家庭人均消费支出是造成门诊服务利用不平等的主要因素。
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12175106 and 92365110).
文摘Quantum dialogue(QD)enables two communication parties to directly exchange secret messages simultaneously.In conventional QD protocols,photons need to transmit in the quantum channel for two rounds.In this paper,we propose a one-step QD protocol based on the hyperentanglement.With the help of the non-local hyperentanglement-assisted Bell state measurement(BSM),the photons only need to transmit in the quantum channel once.We prove that our one-step QD protocol is secure in theory and numerically simulate its secret message capacity under practical experimental condition.Compared with previous QD protocols,the one-step QD protocol can effectively simplify the experiment operations and reduce the message loss caused by the photon transmission loss.Meanwhile,the non-local hyperentanglement-assisted BSM has a success probability of 100%and is feasible with linear optical elements.Moreover,combined with the hyperentanglement heralded amplification and purification,our protocol is possible to realize long-distance one-step QD.
