晚期心力衰竭被定义为一种临床综合征,其特征是出现严重和持续的呼吸困难、下肢水肿、四肢乏力、消化不良等心衰症状,通常伴有严重的心室功能障碍[1]。尽管药物和非药物治疗对射血分数降低的心力衰竭(heart failure with reduced ejecti...晚期心力衰竭被定义为一种临床综合征,其特征是出现严重和持续的呼吸困难、下肢水肿、四肢乏力、消化不良等心衰症状,通常伴有严重的心室功能障碍[1]。尽管药物和非药物治疗对射血分数降低的心力衰竭(heart failure with reduced ejection fraction,HFrEF)的患者症状均有所改善,但仍有13%接受传统治疗的患者疗效不佳,进展为终末期心力衰竭[2]。在全球范围内,终末期心力衰竭每年增加80多万例,目前尚无有效的药物治疗手段,心脏移植是公认最有效的治疗方法[3]。宁夏医科大学总医院心脏大血管外科自2016年6月开展了心脏移植术,目前成功完成了2例,现对其进行归纳总结,报告如下。展开更多
病毒性脑炎是中枢神经系统常见的感染性疾病。目前主要通过患者的临床表现、脑电图、脑脊液检查,同时结合影像学和病原学检查结果确诊。部分患者治疗后遗留有精神症状、癫痫等的神经系统后遗症,严重影响患者的预后。因此,早期诊断并优...病毒性脑炎是中枢神经系统常见的感染性疾病。目前主要通过患者的临床表现、脑电图、脑脊液检查,同时结合影像学和病原学检查结果确诊。部分患者治疗后遗留有精神症状、癫痫等的神经系统后遗症,严重影响患者的预后。因此,早期诊断并优化治疗方案是降低疾病不良预后的关键。本文就病毒性脑炎诊断技术的最新进展做一综述。Viral encephalitis is a prevalent infectious disorder of the central nervous system. Recently, the diagnosis was confirmed by clinical manifestations, EEG, cerebrospinal fluid examination, combined with imaging and etiological examination results. Some patients have neurological sequelae such as residual mental symptoms and epilepsy after treatment, which seriously affect the prognosis. Therefore, early diagnosis and optimal treatment are key to reducing the adverse prognosis of the disease. This article reviews the latest progress in the diagnosis of viral encephalitis.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51704087)the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province, China (No. LH2020E083)。
文摘病毒性脑炎是中枢神经系统常见的感染性疾病。目前主要通过患者的临床表现、脑电图、脑脊液检查,同时结合影像学和病原学检查结果确诊。部分患者治疗后遗留有精神症状、癫痫等的神经系统后遗症,严重影响患者的预后。因此,早期诊断并优化治疗方案是降低疾病不良预后的关键。本文就病毒性脑炎诊断技术的最新进展做一综述。Viral encephalitis is a prevalent infectious disorder of the central nervous system. Recently, the diagnosis was confirmed by clinical manifestations, EEG, cerebrospinal fluid examination, combined with imaging and etiological examination results. Some patients have neurological sequelae such as residual mental symptoms and epilepsy after treatment, which seriously affect the prognosis. Therefore, early diagnosis and optimal treatment are key to reducing the adverse prognosis of the disease. This article reviews the latest progress in the diagnosis of viral encephalitis.
