凡纳滨对虾的主要选育目标分为两个方面:一是培育具有较强抗病、抗逆性的“高抗系”(GK),二是培育具有快速生长特性的“快大系”(KD)。然而,国内缺少针对这两个选育群体的遗传多样性特别是基因组近交水平的调查分析研究。基于液相芯片...凡纳滨对虾的主要选育目标分为两个方面:一是培育具有较强抗病、抗逆性的“高抗系”(GK),二是培育具有快速生长特性的“快大系”(KD)。然而,国内缺少针对这两个选育群体的遗传多样性特别是基因组近交水平的调查分析研究。基于液相芯片“黄海芯1号”(55 K SNP)的基因分型数据,首次分析了GK(1064尾个体)和KD(564尾个体)选育群体的遗传结构和遗传多样性,调查了连续性纯合片段(ROH)的基因组分布特征,并重点评估了两个群体的基因组近交水平。PCA及进化树分析表明GK及KD群体可明确分层,亲缘关系热图表明KD群体内个体间的亲缘关系比GK群体更近。GK群体包括的家系数量更多,导致其遗传多样性高于KD群体;两群体间的F_(st)为0.09,存在中等遗传分化。GK和KD群体每个ROH的平均长度分别为(1.70±0.34)Mb和(1.65±0.38)Mb,每个样本ROH的平均数量分别为1.98±1.30和2.07±1.37。GK和KD群体0.8~1.25 Mb长度的ROH占比分别为11.41%和19.17%,表明KD群体的选育历史比GK群体更长。两个群体>2.25 Mb长度的ROH片段占比分别为10.26和9.74%,表明两个群体短期内未发生近亲交配。七种基因组近交系数评估结果表明,KD群体的近交水平高于GK群体。不依赖基础群体等位基因频率的F_(ROH)和F_(HOM)方法可准确地评价育种群体的真实近交水平,而F_(VR1)、F_(YA1)和F_(LH1)等依赖基础群体等位基因频率的方法可以用来比较群体及个体间的相对近交水平。上述结果为准确地评估育种群体的近交水平和优化育种方案提供了重要参考依据。展开更多
思政教育是高校落实立德树人根本任务的重要举措。为全面了解国内高校工科专业课程思政教育的现状、发展与影响,论文以中国知网(CNKI)数据库2023年12月31日之前的674篇相关主题文献为研究对象,使用文献计量学方法和科技文本挖掘工具对...思政教育是高校落实立德树人根本任务的重要举措。为全面了解国内高校工科专业课程思政教育的现状、发展与影响,论文以中国知网(CNKI)数据库2023年12月31日之前的674篇相关主题文献为研究对象,使用文献计量学方法和科技文本挖掘工具对文献进行知识谱图可视化分析,从文献发表时间、研究现状与热点、主题演化等维度分析工科专业课程思政的主题知识图谱演变规律。结果表明,高校工科专业课程思政的研究始于2018年,近几年研究热度较高;现有研究主要围绕高校工科课程思政建设和课程思政与专业思政协同育人两个方面展开;研究前沿倾向于课程思政、专业思政和学科思政三者融合的高校思政体系建设与创新;在新时代背景和立德树人价值引领下,工科课程思政建设走向专业思政是必然趋势。Ideological and political education is an important measure for higher education institutions to implement the fundamental task of cultivating morality and talents. In order to comprehensively understand the current situation, development, and impact of ideological and political education in engineering courses, we have taken 674 relevant literatures from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure database before December 31, 2023 as the research object in this paper, and used bibliometric methods and scientific text mining tools to conduct knowledge graph analysis of the literature. The evolution law of the thematic knowledge graph of ideological and political education in engineering courses is analyzed from the dimensions of literature publication time, research status and hotspots, and thematic evolution. The results show that the study of ideological and political education in engineering courses in universities began in 2018 and has received high attention in recent years. Current research mainly focuses on two aspects: The construction of ideological and political education in engineering courses, and the collaborative cultivation of ideological and political education in courses and majors;the research frontier focuses on the construction and innovation of ideological and political system that integrates curriculum ideology, professional ideology, and disciplinary ideology. Under the background of the new era and the guidance of the value of moral education, it is an inevitable trend for the ideological and political construction of engineering courses to move towards professional ideological and political education.展开更多
文摘凡纳滨对虾的主要选育目标分为两个方面:一是培育具有较强抗病、抗逆性的“高抗系”(GK),二是培育具有快速生长特性的“快大系”(KD)。然而,国内缺少针对这两个选育群体的遗传多样性特别是基因组近交水平的调查分析研究。基于液相芯片“黄海芯1号”(55 K SNP)的基因分型数据,首次分析了GK(1064尾个体)和KD(564尾个体)选育群体的遗传结构和遗传多样性,调查了连续性纯合片段(ROH)的基因组分布特征,并重点评估了两个群体的基因组近交水平。PCA及进化树分析表明GK及KD群体可明确分层,亲缘关系热图表明KD群体内个体间的亲缘关系比GK群体更近。GK群体包括的家系数量更多,导致其遗传多样性高于KD群体;两群体间的F_(st)为0.09,存在中等遗传分化。GK和KD群体每个ROH的平均长度分别为(1.70±0.34)Mb和(1.65±0.38)Mb,每个样本ROH的平均数量分别为1.98±1.30和2.07±1.37。GK和KD群体0.8~1.25 Mb长度的ROH占比分别为11.41%和19.17%,表明KD群体的选育历史比GK群体更长。两个群体>2.25 Mb长度的ROH片段占比分别为10.26和9.74%,表明两个群体短期内未发生近亲交配。七种基因组近交系数评估结果表明,KD群体的近交水平高于GK群体。不依赖基础群体等位基因频率的F_(ROH)和F_(HOM)方法可准确地评价育种群体的真实近交水平,而F_(VR1)、F_(YA1)和F_(LH1)等依赖基础群体等位基因频率的方法可以用来比较群体及个体间的相对近交水平。上述结果为准确地评估育种群体的近交水平和优化育种方案提供了重要参考依据。
文摘思政教育是高校落实立德树人根本任务的重要举措。为全面了解国内高校工科专业课程思政教育的现状、发展与影响,论文以中国知网(CNKI)数据库2023年12月31日之前的674篇相关主题文献为研究对象,使用文献计量学方法和科技文本挖掘工具对文献进行知识谱图可视化分析,从文献发表时间、研究现状与热点、主题演化等维度分析工科专业课程思政的主题知识图谱演变规律。结果表明,高校工科专业课程思政的研究始于2018年,近几年研究热度较高;现有研究主要围绕高校工科课程思政建设和课程思政与专业思政协同育人两个方面展开;研究前沿倾向于课程思政、专业思政和学科思政三者融合的高校思政体系建设与创新;在新时代背景和立德树人价值引领下,工科课程思政建设走向专业思政是必然趋势。Ideological and political education is an important measure for higher education institutions to implement the fundamental task of cultivating morality and talents. In order to comprehensively understand the current situation, development, and impact of ideological and political education in engineering courses, we have taken 674 relevant literatures from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure database before December 31, 2023 as the research object in this paper, and used bibliometric methods and scientific text mining tools to conduct knowledge graph analysis of the literature. The evolution law of the thematic knowledge graph of ideological and political education in engineering courses is analyzed from the dimensions of literature publication time, research status and hotspots, and thematic evolution. The results show that the study of ideological and political education in engineering courses in universities began in 2018 and has received high attention in recent years. Current research mainly focuses on two aspects: The construction of ideological and political education in engineering courses, and the collaborative cultivation of ideological and political education in courses and majors;the research frontier focuses on the construction and innovation of ideological and political system that integrates curriculum ideology, professional ideology, and disciplinary ideology. Under the background of the new era and the guidance of the value of moral education, it is an inevitable trend for the ideological and political construction of engineering courses to move towards professional ideological and political education.
