稻麦轮作是长江中下游地区最主要的粮食生产方式,然而在该地区季风气候的背景下,小麦生长季易发生渍害胁迫,导致小麦减产甚至绝收。施用生物炭是一种有效的土壤改良方式,目前,已在长江中下游稻麦轮作区开展应用研究,但定量评估施用生物...稻麦轮作是长江中下游地区最主要的粮食生产方式,然而在该地区季风气候的背景下,小麦生长季易发生渍害胁迫,导致小麦减产甚至绝收。施用生物炭是一种有效的土壤改良方式,目前,已在长江中下游稻麦轮作区开展应用研究,但定量评估施用生物炭对长江中下游地区小麦渍害的影响研究尚未见报道。开展土柱和小区试验,研究水稻秸秆生物炭对稻麦轮作土壤和小麦生长前期的影响。结果表明,施用生物炭能显著降低稻麦轮作土壤的容重。不同深度的土壤水分动态变化也表明,施用生物炭有利于土壤水分向下迁移,可改善稻麦轮作土壤排水不畅的特点。同时,与未施用生物炭的处理相比,施用10 t hm-2生物炭能加快小麦出苗,促进小麦生长。播种后90 d的采样结果显示,施用生物炭处理下小麦株高、主根长和最后一片完全叶的叶绿素相对含量(SPAD值)均显著高于对照(p<0.05)。根系特征显示,施用生物炭处理下的小麦主根长虽然显著高于对照,但2个处理间的总根长和总根面积却无显著差异。综上,施用生物炭能显著改善稻麦轮作土壤的排水条件,促进小麦前期生长,将有助于小麦在关键生育期抵御渍害胁迫。展开更多
In this study, the interannual and interdecadal relationship between midsummer Yangtze River-Huaihe River valley （YHRV） rainfall and the position of the East Asia westerly jet （EAWJ） were investigated. The midsumm...In this study, the interannual and interdecadal relationship between midsummer Yangtze River-Huaihe River valley （YHRV） rainfall and the position of the East Asia westerly jet （EAWJ） were investigated. The midsummer YHRV rainfall was found to significantly increase after the 1980s. Moreover, the location of the EAWJ was found abnormally south of the climatic mean during 1980–2008 （ID2） compared to 1951–1979 （ID1）. During ID2, associated with the southward movement of the EAWJ, an anomalous upper-level conver-gence occurred over middle-high latitudes （35° –55° N） and divergence occurred over lower latitudes （～30°N） of East Asia. Correspondingly, anomalous descending and ascending motion was observed in middle-high and lower latitudes along 90°–130° E, respectively, favoring more precipitation over YHRV. On an interan-nual time scale, the EAWJ and YHRV rainfall exhibited similar relationships during the two periods. When the EAWJ was centered abnormally southward, rainfall over YHRV tended to increase. However, EAWJ-related circulations were significantly different during the two periods. During ID1, the circulation of the southward-moving EAWJ exhibited alternating positive–negative–positive distributions from low to middle– high latitudes along the East Asian coast; the most significant anomaly appeared west of the Okhotsk Sea. However, during ID2 the EAWJ was more closely correlated with the tropical and subtropical circulations. Significant differences between ID1 and ID2 were also recorded sea surface temperatures （SSTs）. During ID1, the EAWJ was influenced by the extratropical SST over the northern Pacific; however, the EAWJ was more significantly affected by the SST of the tropical western Pacific during ID2.展开更多
文摘稻麦轮作是长江中下游地区最主要的粮食生产方式,然而在该地区季风气候的背景下,小麦生长季易发生渍害胁迫,导致小麦减产甚至绝收。施用生物炭是一种有效的土壤改良方式,目前,已在长江中下游稻麦轮作区开展应用研究,但定量评估施用生物炭对长江中下游地区小麦渍害的影响研究尚未见报道。开展土柱和小区试验,研究水稻秸秆生物炭对稻麦轮作土壤和小麦生长前期的影响。结果表明,施用生物炭能显著降低稻麦轮作土壤的容重。不同深度的土壤水分动态变化也表明,施用生物炭有利于土壤水分向下迁移,可改善稻麦轮作土壤排水不畅的特点。同时,与未施用生物炭的处理相比,施用10 t hm-2生物炭能加快小麦出苗,促进小麦生长。播种后90 d的采样结果显示,施用生物炭处理下小麦株高、主根长和最后一片完全叶的叶绿素相对含量(SPAD值)均显著高于对照(p<0.05)。根系特征显示,施用生物炭处理下的小麦主根长虽然显著高于对照,但2个处理间的总根长和总根面积却无显著差异。综上,施用生物炭能显著改善稻麦轮作土壤的排水条件,促进小麦前期生长,将有助于小麦在关键生育期抵御渍害胁迫。
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (No. 2009CB421401)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40975022)+1 种基金the Special funds for Meteorology scientific research on public causes (No. GYHY200906014)the National Science and Technology Support Program of China (No.2007BAC29B03)
文摘In this study, the interannual and interdecadal relationship between midsummer Yangtze River-Huaihe River valley （YHRV） rainfall and the position of the East Asia westerly jet （EAWJ） were investigated. The midsummer YHRV rainfall was found to significantly increase after the 1980s. Moreover, the location of the EAWJ was found abnormally south of the climatic mean during 1980–2008 （ID2） compared to 1951–1979 （ID1）. During ID2, associated with the southward movement of the EAWJ, an anomalous upper-level conver-gence occurred over middle-high latitudes （35° –55° N） and divergence occurred over lower latitudes （～30°N） of East Asia. Correspondingly, anomalous descending and ascending motion was observed in middle-high and lower latitudes along 90°–130° E, respectively, favoring more precipitation over YHRV. On an interan-nual time scale, the EAWJ and YHRV rainfall exhibited similar relationships during the two periods. When the EAWJ was centered abnormally southward, rainfall over YHRV tended to increase. However, EAWJ-related circulations were significantly different during the two periods. During ID1, the circulation of the southward-moving EAWJ exhibited alternating positive–negative–positive distributions from low to middle– high latitudes along the East Asian coast; the most significant anomaly appeared west of the Okhotsk Sea. However, during ID2 the EAWJ was more closely correlated with the tropical and subtropical circulations. Significant differences between ID1 and ID2 were also recorded sea surface temperatures （SSTs）. During ID1, the EAWJ was influenced by the extratropical SST over the northern Pacific; however, the EAWJ was more significantly affected by the SST of the tropical western Pacific during ID2.
