汉中早春农田中3种常见食蚜蝇访花习性研究

[目的]研究汉中早春农田中3种常见食蚜蝇的访花习性。[方法]对汉中早春农田中活动的访花食蚜蝇进行了调查,并研究了其中3种常见食蚜蝇的年活动节律、访花行为、口器特点及其访花适应性。[结果]汉中早春农田中活动的访花食蚜蝇有20余种,其中长尾管蚜蝇Eristalis tenax(Linnaeus,1758)、黑带食蚜蝇Episyrphus balteatus(De Geer,1776)和灰被管蚜蝇Eristalis cerealis Fabricius,1805是农田中的优势种类。3种食蚜蝇在汉中地区几乎全年活动,早春主要活动于油菜及田埂上的菊科等植物的花上,油菜田中食蚜蝇科昆虫的活动对油菜的传粉有重要作用。3种食蚜蝇口器无特别适于访花的结构特点,但口器较短,宜于访问油菜和菊科等一些花冠较浅、开口较大的花。[结论]为进一步研究食蚜蝇的访花习性和传粉作用提供了理论依据。

Flower-visiting Habitus of Three Common Syrphids in Farmland of Hanzhong Area in Early Spring

[Objective] The paper was to study the flower-visiting habitus of three common syrphids in farmland of Hanzhong area in early spring.[Method] The active flower-visiting syrphids in farmland of hanzhong area in early spring was investigated,the annual activity rhythm,flower-visiting behavior,characteristics of mouthparts and their flower-visiting adaptability of three common syrphids were studied.[Result] About 20 species of active flower-visiting syrphids were found in farmland of hanzhong area in early spring,Eristalis tenax （Linnaeus,1758）,Episyrphus balteatus （De Geer,1776） and Eristalis cerealis Fabricius,1805 were predominant species in farmland.These three species could be found in farmland of Hanzhong area almost throughout the year,and they mainly activated on the flowers of rape and composites on the ridge of field in early spring.The activities of these flower-visiting syrphids were important to pollination of rape.The syrphid mouthparts had no structural characters in adaptation to flower-visiting,but the mouthparts were shorter,which was adaptive to visit the flowers with open and shallower corolla.[Conclusion] The results provided theoretical basis for further study on flower-visiting habitus and pollination effect of syrphids.

Research on the Species Diversity of Flower-visiting Syrphidae in the Farmland of Hanzhong Area

[Objective] The aim was to explore the species diversity of flower-visiting Syrphidae in the farmland of Hanzhong area.[Method] Based on the sample collection and the sorting and identification of collected specimens and literature,the species and their seasonal changes of flower-visiting Syrphidae in the agroecosystem of Hanzhong area were systematically analyzed.[Result] 5 015 specimens of Syrphidae were cheaked in this study,and 141 species of 53 genera of 16 families in three subfamilies of flower-visiting species of Syrphidae were identified in farmland of Hanzhong area,in which 65 species were Syrphinae;72 species were Milesiinae;while four species were Microdontinae.The species of Syrphidae in this region were active in April,May,June and July.There were two dominant species in this region,including Episyrphus balteatus and Eristalis tenax.[Conclusion] This study had provided theoretical basis for the studies on the flower-visiting habit and fecundation of insects of Syrphidae in this area.

汉中地区农田生态系统访花食蚜蝇物种多样性调查

[目的]调查汉中地区农田生态系统访花食蚜蝇的物种多样性。[方法]通过标本采集和馆藏标本整理、鉴定,结合文献资料,对汉中地区农田生态系统中访花食蚜蝇的种类及其季节性变化进行了系统统计。[结果]共鉴定食蚜蝇科昆虫标本5015头,汉中农田生态系统中分布有访花食蚜蝇3亚科16族141种,其中食蚜蝇亚科65种;迷蚜蝇亚科72种;巢穴蚜蝇亚科4种。食蚜蝇科昆虫成虫主要活动在每年的4～7月,优势种为黑带食蚜蝇和长尾管蚜蝇。[结论]为研究汉中地区食蚜蝇科昆虫的访花习性和传粉作用提供了依据。