柏林大学是洪堡(Wilhelm von Humboldt)领导创办起来的,洪堡的办学思想与他制定的办学原则对柏林大学的发展产生了根本性影响,其中也包括了相当程度的负面影响。洪堡追求的是学术自由,但他却把柏林大学置于政府强有力的控制之下,正是这...柏林大学是洪堡(Wilhelm von Humboldt)领导创办起来的,洪堡的办学思想与他制定的办学原则对柏林大学的发展产生了根本性影响,其中也包括了相当程度的负面影响。洪堡追求的是学术自由,但他却把柏林大学置于政府强有力的控制之下,正是这种控制妨碍了柏林大学模式达到尽善尽美的状态。对于柏林大学的创办,尤其是对柏林大学模式的设计以及该模式基本特征的形成做出重要贡献的还有一个重要人物即施莱尔马赫(F.E.D.Schleiermacher)。《柏林大学章程》主要是他的作品。该章程具体规定了柏林大学的基本组织结构、柏林大学模式的运行机制。洪堡、施莱尔马赫等人描绘和设计的大学模式(包括学院制、教授会制、讲座制、利益商谈制等)最终成为德国各大学的发展模式,对美、日等国的大学发展也产生了深远的影响。展开更多
[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of deposition of inosine monophosphate （IMP） and intramuscular fat （IMF） in muscles of Jinghai yellow chickens and its crossbred.[Method] The charact...[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of deposition of inosine monophosphate （IMP） and intramuscular fat （IMF） in muscles of Jinghai yellow chickens and its crossbred.[Method] The characteristics of IMP and IMF deposition of 112-day-old Jinghai yellow chickens （J×J） and its two different 70-day- old crossbreeds （J×B and B×B） were analyzed. The IMP content in breast muscle and leg muscle were determined by HPLC. [Result] The contents of IMP and cor- rected inosine monophosphate （IMPc） in breast muscle were significantly or ex- tremely significantly higher than that in leg muscle of the chickens in the three groups whether in male or female chickens （P〈0.05 or P〈0.01）. There were no sig- nificant difference in the contents of IMP and IMPc between hens and roosters （P〉 0.05）. The fresh degree of breast muscle and leg muscle was 96,11%-98.16% and 87.22%-93.07%, respectively. And the fresh degree of breast muscle was higher than that of leg muscle. In the three groups, the IMF content in leg muscle was significantly higher than that in breast muscle whether in male or female chickens （P〈0.05）. The contents of IMF in breast muscle and leg muscle were 0.36%-0.75% and 1.84%-2.38%, respectively. The iMP content in breast muscle of chickens in Bx J group was extremely significantly higher than that in breast muscle of chickens in JxJ group （P〈0.01）, but the contents of IMPc and iMF of breast muscle and leg muscle of the chickens in the three groups had no significant difference （P〉0.05）. [Conclusion] To sum up, the freshness and flavor significantly differ between the breast muscle and leg muscle of chickens, but show no significant difference among the three groups.展开更多
文摘柏林大学是洪堡(Wilhelm von Humboldt)领导创办起来的,洪堡的办学思想与他制定的办学原则对柏林大学的发展产生了根本性影响,其中也包括了相当程度的负面影响。洪堡追求的是学术自由,但他却把柏林大学置于政府强有力的控制之下,正是这种控制妨碍了柏林大学模式达到尽善尽美的状态。对于柏林大学的创办,尤其是对柏林大学模式的设计以及该模式基本特征的形成做出重要贡献的还有一个重要人物即施莱尔马赫(F.E.D.Schleiermacher)。《柏林大学章程》主要是他的作品。该章程具体规定了柏林大学的基本组织结构、柏林大学模式的运行机制。洪堡、施莱尔马赫等人描绘和设计的大学模式(包括学院制、教授会制、讲座制、利益商谈制等)最终成为德国各大学的发展模式,对美、日等国的大学发展也产生了深远的影响。
基金Supported by the Science and Technology Supporting Project (Agriculture) of Jiangsu Province (BE2011452)the Special Fund Project of the National Broiler Industry Technology System (CARS-42-G23)a Project Funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD)~~
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of deposition of inosine monophosphate （IMP） and intramuscular fat （IMF） in muscles of Jinghai yellow chickens and its crossbred.[Method] The characteristics of IMP and IMF deposition of 112-day-old Jinghai yellow chickens （J×J） and its two different 70-day- old crossbreeds （J×B and B×B） were analyzed. The IMP content in breast muscle and leg muscle were determined by HPLC. [Result] The contents of IMP and cor- rected inosine monophosphate （IMPc） in breast muscle were significantly or ex- tremely significantly higher than that in leg muscle of the chickens in the three groups whether in male or female chickens （P〈0.05 or P〈0.01）. There were no sig- nificant difference in the contents of IMP and IMPc between hens and roosters （P〉 0.05）. The fresh degree of breast muscle and leg muscle was 96,11%-98.16% and 87.22%-93.07%, respectively. And the fresh degree of breast muscle was higher than that of leg muscle. In the three groups, the IMF content in leg muscle was significantly higher than that in breast muscle whether in male or female chickens （P〈0.05）. The contents of IMF in breast muscle and leg muscle were 0.36%-0.75% and 1.84%-2.38%, respectively. The iMP content in breast muscle of chickens in Bx J group was extremely significantly higher than that in breast muscle of chickens in JxJ group （P〈0.01）, but the contents of IMPc and iMF of breast muscle and leg muscle of the chickens in the three groups had no significant difference （P〉0.05）. [Conclusion] To sum up, the freshness and flavor significantly differ between the breast muscle and leg muscle of chickens, but show no significant difference among the three groups.
