背景肠易激综合征(IBS)是一种以反复发作的腹痛并伴有排便习惯改变为特征的功能性肠病,严重影响患者的生活质量。针对IBS患者肠道菌群紊乱的治疗手段已广泛应用于临床,但效果不一,患者肠道菌群状态如何影响治疗效果、治疗后肠道菌群的...背景肠易激综合征(IBS)是一种以反复发作的腹痛并伴有排便习惯改变为特征的功能性肠病,严重影响患者的生活质量。针对IBS患者肠道菌群紊乱的治疗手段已广泛应用于临床,但效果不一,患者肠道菌群状态如何影响治疗效果、治疗后肠道菌群的变化尚缺乏统一结论,难以为靶向菌群治疗IBS提供确切参考意见。目的分析常用靶向菌群治疗方法对IBS患者肠道菌群的影响。方法检索自建库至2022-5-20 Web of Science核心合集、PubMed、Embase、Cochrane Library数据库,筛选报告了使用单一种类的益生菌、益生元、抗生素与粪菌移植治疗后IBS患者肠道菌群变化的文献,提取第一作者、国家、发表时间、诊断标准、IBS亚型、样本量、药物种类、粪菌移植途径与部位、剂量与疗程、菌群检测标本与方法、菌群检测结果等信息,汇总并报告研究结果。结果共检索出3044篇文献,依据纳入与排除标准共筛选纳入41篇文献,其中益生菌研究11篇、益生元研究8篇、抗生素研究5篇、粪菌移植研究17篇。随机对照试验、RomeⅢ、腹泻型IBS、16S rRNA扩增子测序分别为采用最多的试验类型、诊断标准、IBS亚型及菌群检测方法。乳杆菌属是使用最多的益生菌种类,可在IBS患者粪便中保持活性。益生元可促进粪便与结肠黏膜中益生菌(主要是双歧杆菌属)的定殖。肠道局部作用的抗生素利福昔明可降低菌群物种丰富度,但对菌群结构无显著影响。粪菌移植后IBS患者的菌群结构趋同于供者,并可增加患者肠道益生菌、降低有害菌的丰度。结论益生菌、益生元、非吸收性抗生素、粪菌移植等靶向菌群的治疗手段有助于IBS患者肠道菌群的改善与重建,今后可通过统一诊断标准、使用更先进的菌群检测技术、精准把控随访时间,进一步得出更为精确的治疗后菌群变化,为临床制订精准的靶向菌群干预策略提供依据。展开更多
林草地方品种是生态系统的重要组成部分,它们维系着生态平衡,对维护生物多样性具有不可替代的作用,这些品种承载了丰富的生态文化和地方特色,是地方生态文化传承的重要载体。保护好林草地方品种不仅能维护生态平衡,还能促进生态文化的...林草地方品种是生态系统的重要组成部分,它们维系着生态平衡,对维护生物多样性具有不可替代的作用,这些品种承载了丰富的生态文化和地方特色,是地方生态文化传承的重要载体。保护好林草地方品种不仅能维护生态平衡,还能促进生态文化的繁荣与发展。但城镇化发展过程中大量原本林草生长的土地被用于城市建设,大大缩小了林草品种生存空间,导致林草地方品种不断流失。基于此,本文就快速城镇化过程中林草地方品种的流失现状、原因及保护措施进行探讨,旨在推动生态文明建设、实现人与自然和谐共生。Local varieties of forest and grass are an important part of the ecosystem. They maintain the ecological balance and play an irreplaceable role in keeping biodiversity. These varieties bear rich ecological culture and local characteristics, and are important carriers of local ecological culture inheritance. Protecting local varieties of forest and grass can not only maintain ecological balance, but also promote the prosperity and development of ecological culture. However, in the process of urbanization, a large number of land originally planted with forest and grass has been used for urban construction, which greatly reduces the living space of forest and grass varieties and leads to the continuous loss of local forest and grass varieties. Based on this, this paper discusses the current situation, causes and protective measures of the loss of local varieties of forest and grass in the process of rapid urbanization, aiming at promoting the construction of ecological civilization and realizing the harmonious coexistence between man and nature.展开更多
We examined the competitive ability of larval toads （Bufo gargarizans ） and frogs （Rana kukunoris ） which co-occur in natural pools in the Jiuzhaigou Nature Reserve. We measured the activity level, growth rate, ma...We examined the competitive ability of larval toads （Bufo gargarizans ） and frogs （Rana kukunoris ） which co-occur in natural pools in the Jiuzhaigou Nature Reserve. We measured the activity level, growth rate, mass at metamorphosis and larval period in a laboratory experiment. Tadpoles of B. gargarizans were significantly more active when food was abundant than scarce, while there was no significant difference in the activity of R. kukunoris tadpoles at different food levels. At low food availability, mass at metamorphosis and growth rate of R. kukunoris were significantly increased in the presence of B. gargarizans, whereas the presence of R. kukunoris had no significant effect on the mass and growth rate of B. gargarizans. In all treatments, the larval period of B. gargarizans at low food availability was the shortest. These results suggest that B. gargarizans can adapt to different food levels by changing their activity rate. At high food level, B. gargarizans increased activity to gain more food. At low food level, B. gargarizans decreased activity and achieved early metamorphosis. However, when food resources were limited, R. kukunoris could gain more food than B.gargarizans .展开更多
文摘背景肠易激综合征(IBS)是一种以反复发作的腹痛并伴有排便习惯改变为特征的功能性肠病,严重影响患者的生活质量。针对IBS患者肠道菌群紊乱的治疗手段已广泛应用于临床,但效果不一,患者肠道菌群状态如何影响治疗效果、治疗后肠道菌群的变化尚缺乏统一结论,难以为靶向菌群治疗IBS提供确切参考意见。目的分析常用靶向菌群治疗方法对IBS患者肠道菌群的影响。方法检索自建库至2022-5-20 Web of Science核心合集、PubMed、Embase、Cochrane Library数据库,筛选报告了使用单一种类的益生菌、益生元、抗生素与粪菌移植治疗后IBS患者肠道菌群变化的文献,提取第一作者、国家、发表时间、诊断标准、IBS亚型、样本量、药物种类、粪菌移植途径与部位、剂量与疗程、菌群检测标本与方法、菌群检测结果等信息,汇总并报告研究结果。结果共检索出3044篇文献,依据纳入与排除标准共筛选纳入41篇文献,其中益生菌研究11篇、益生元研究8篇、抗生素研究5篇、粪菌移植研究17篇。随机对照试验、RomeⅢ、腹泻型IBS、16S rRNA扩增子测序分别为采用最多的试验类型、诊断标准、IBS亚型及菌群检测方法。乳杆菌属是使用最多的益生菌种类,可在IBS患者粪便中保持活性。益生元可促进粪便与结肠黏膜中益生菌(主要是双歧杆菌属)的定殖。肠道局部作用的抗生素利福昔明可降低菌群物种丰富度,但对菌群结构无显著影响。粪菌移植后IBS患者的菌群结构趋同于供者,并可增加患者肠道益生菌、降低有害菌的丰度。结论益生菌、益生元、非吸收性抗生素、粪菌移植等靶向菌群的治疗手段有助于IBS患者肠道菌群的改善与重建,今后可通过统一诊断标准、使用更先进的菌群检测技术、精准把控随访时间,进一步得出更为精确的治疗后菌群变化,为临床制订精准的靶向菌群干预策略提供依据。
文摘林草地方品种是生态系统的重要组成部分,它们维系着生态平衡,对维护生物多样性具有不可替代的作用,这些品种承载了丰富的生态文化和地方特色,是地方生态文化传承的重要载体。保护好林草地方品种不仅能维护生态平衡,还能促进生态文化的繁荣与发展。但城镇化发展过程中大量原本林草生长的土地被用于城市建设,大大缩小了林草品种生存空间,导致林草地方品种不断流失。基于此,本文就快速城镇化过程中林草地方品种的流失现状、原因及保护措施进行探讨,旨在推动生态文明建设、实现人与自然和谐共生。Local varieties of forest and grass are an important part of the ecosystem. They maintain the ecological balance and play an irreplaceable role in keeping biodiversity. These varieties bear rich ecological culture and local characteristics, and are important carriers of local ecological culture inheritance. Protecting local varieties of forest and grass can not only maintain ecological balance, but also promote the prosperity and development of ecological culture. However, in the process of urbanization, a large number of land originally planted with forest and grass has been used for urban construction, which greatly reduces the living space of forest and grass varieties and leads to the continuous loss of local forest and grass varieties. Based on this, this paper discusses the current situation, causes and protective measures of the loss of local varieties of forest and grass in the process of rapid urbanization, aiming at promoting the construction of ecological civilization and realizing the harmonious coexistence between man and nature.
文摘We examined the competitive ability of larval toads （Bufo gargarizans ） and frogs （Rana kukunoris ） which co-occur in natural pools in the Jiuzhaigou Nature Reserve. We measured the activity level, growth rate, mass at metamorphosis and larval period in a laboratory experiment. Tadpoles of B. gargarizans were significantly more active when food was abundant than scarce, while there was no significant difference in the activity of R. kukunoris tadpoles at different food levels. At low food availability, mass at metamorphosis and growth rate of R. kukunoris were significantly increased in the presence of B. gargarizans, whereas the presence of R. kukunoris had no significant effect on the mass and growth rate of B. gargarizans. In all treatments, the larval period of B. gargarizans at low food availability was the shortest. These results suggest that B. gargarizans can adapt to different food levels by changing their activity rate. At high food level, B. gargarizans increased activity to gain more food. At low food level, B. gargarizans decreased activity and achieved early metamorphosis. However, when food resources were limited, R. kukunoris could gain more food than B.gargarizans .
