Objective It has been reported that D-galactose （D-gal） can model subacute aging, and aluminum （AI） acts as a neurotoxin, but combined effects of them have not been reported. The present work aimed to reveal the e...Objective It has been reported that D-galactose （D-gal） can model subacute aging, and aluminum （AI） acts as a neurotoxin, but combined effects of them have not been reported. The present work aimed to reveal the effect of combined administration of D-gal and A1 in mice and compare the effect of D-gal treatment with that of A1 treatment. Meth- ods A1 was intragastricaHy administered and D-gal was subcutaneously injected into Kunming mice for 10 consecutive weeks. Learning and memory, eholinergic systems, as well as protein levels of amyloid β （Aβ） and hyperphosphorylated tau were determined using Morri water maze test, biochemical assays and immunohistochemical staining, respectively. Results The mice with combined treatment had obvious learning and memory deficits, and showed decreases in brain ace- tylcholine （ACh） level and in activities of choline acetyltransferase （CHAT） and acetyleholinesterase （ACHE）. Formation of senile plaque （SP）-like and neurofibrillary tangle （NFT）-like structures was also observed. The behavioral and pathologi- cal changes persisted for at least 6 weeks after withdrawal of D-gal and A1. Conclusion Combined use of D-gal and A1 is an effective way to establish the non-transgenic Alzheimer＇s disease （AD） animal model, and is useful for studies of AD pathogenesis and therapeutic evaluation.展开更多
目的:调查达比加群酯在某三甲医院非瓣膜性房颤(non-valvular atrial fibrillation,NVAF)患者中的用药依从性,探讨影响依从性的因素,为制订提高达比加群酯依从性的有效措施提供依据。方法:医院信息系统(hospital information system,HIS...目的:调查达比加群酯在某三甲医院非瓣膜性房颤(non-valvular atrial fibrillation,NVAF)患者中的用药依从性,探讨影响依从性的因素,为制订提高达比加群酯依从性的有效措施提供依据。方法:医院信息系统(hospital information system,HIS)检索2016年2月-2018年1月使用达比加群酯的患者,筛选符合纳入标准的患者。统计随访患者3,6,9,12,18个月达比加群酯的覆盖天数比例(proportion of days covered, PDC),并计算PDC≥0.8的比例。使用SPSS17.0统计软件对影响药物依从性的因素进行统计分析。结果:随访3,6,9,12,18个月的PDC值≥0.8的患者比例分别为75.00%,59.50%,51.52%,49.57%,60.42%。结果显示糖尿病病史(χ^2=8.316,P=0.004),既往抗凝药物使用史(χ^2=8.764,P=0.003)、脑卒中/短暂性脑缺血发作(transient ischemic attack,TIA)史(χ^2=6.304,P=0.012)与随访12个月的PDC≥0.8的患者比例显著相关。结论:患者的用药依从性随服药时间的延长而下降,1年后趋于稳定。有糖尿病病史、既往抗凝药使用史、脑卒中/TIA病史患者的长期依从性高于无既往史的患者。展开更多
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30271502)
文摘Objective It has been reported that D-galactose （D-gal） can model subacute aging, and aluminum （AI） acts as a neurotoxin, but combined effects of them have not been reported. The present work aimed to reveal the effect of combined administration of D-gal and A1 in mice and compare the effect of D-gal treatment with that of A1 treatment. Meth- ods A1 was intragastricaHy administered and D-gal was subcutaneously injected into Kunming mice for 10 consecutive weeks. Learning and memory, eholinergic systems, as well as protein levels of amyloid β （Aβ） and hyperphosphorylated tau were determined using Morri water maze test, biochemical assays and immunohistochemical staining, respectively. Results The mice with combined treatment had obvious learning and memory deficits, and showed decreases in brain ace- tylcholine （ACh） level and in activities of choline acetyltransferase （CHAT） and acetyleholinesterase （ACHE）. Formation of senile plaque （SP）-like and neurofibrillary tangle （NFT）-like structures was also observed. The behavioral and pathologi- cal changes persisted for at least 6 weeks after withdrawal of D-gal and A1. Conclusion Combined use of D-gal and A1 is an effective way to establish the non-transgenic Alzheimer＇s disease （AD） animal model, and is useful for studies of AD pathogenesis and therapeutic evaluation.
文摘目的:调查达比加群酯在某三甲医院非瓣膜性房颤(non-valvular atrial fibrillation,NVAF)患者中的用药依从性,探讨影响依从性的因素,为制订提高达比加群酯依从性的有效措施提供依据。方法:医院信息系统(hospital information system,HIS)检索2016年2月-2018年1月使用达比加群酯的患者,筛选符合纳入标准的患者。统计随访患者3,6,9,12,18个月达比加群酯的覆盖天数比例(proportion of days covered, PDC),并计算PDC≥0.8的比例。使用SPSS17.0统计软件对影响药物依从性的因素进行统计分析。结果:随访3,6,9,12,18个月的PDC值≥0.8的患者比例分别为75.00%,59.50%,51.52%,49.57%,60.42%。结果显示糖尿病病史(χ^2=8.316,P=0.004),既往抗凝药物使用史(χ^2=8.764,P=0.003)、脑卒中/短暂性脑缺血发作(transient ischemic attack,TIA)史(χ^2=6.304,P=0.012)与随访12个月的PDC≥0.8的患者比例显著相关。结论:患者的用药依从性随服药时间的延长而下降,1年后趋于稳定。有糖尿病病史、既往抗凝药使用史、脑卒中/TIA病史患者的长期依从性高于无既往史的患者。
