石家庄市园林绿地外来入侵植物种类及分布特征

通过对公园、道路、小区(园区)等30个调查样区园林绿地的调查,发现石家庄市园林绿地中共有20科44属56种外来入侵植物。在生活型上,草本植物占绝对优势,为92.9%;原产地为美洲的最多,占66.1%;在引入途径上,人工引种和无意引入的植物几乎各占一半;外来入侵植物分布的种类和数量与绿地面积大小、样区建成时间的长短、绿地组成结构以及绿化管护水平相关,其中绿地面积大、建成时间长、绿地以草本植物为主、绿化管护水平较低的样区分布较多;在56种外来入侵植物中有3种具有毒性,从入侵性上看,外来入侵植物共分为恶性入侵类、严重入侵类、局部入侵类、一般入侵类以及有待观察类5个等级。

北京怀沙河、怀九河自然保护区藻类组成及时空分布动态研究

于2004年3月至2005年3月,首次对北京怀沙河、怀九河自然保护区的藻类植物进行实地调查研究,通过对区内10个采样点360余份水生藻类植物标本鉴定、统计,分析了该区藻类植物的区系组成、藻类时空分布特点.研究表明,该区共分布有藻类植物9门105属226种,其中以硅藻、蓝藻、绿藻3门为主,并有少量裸藻、甲藻、黄藻、红藻、金藻等分布;藻类植物由于受水体化学物质组成和物理性质的影响,各采样点及不同月份的种类组成和数量均有差异.怀九河源头的物种丰度和硅藻多度均最大,洞台、黄坎丝状蓝藻占优势,怀柔水库绿藻占优势;在时间分布上,7月物种丰度和藻类多度最大.通过对区内藻类分布规律及大量污染指示藻类的分析表明,该保护区的水体已经受到了一定程度的污染.

河北坝上内陆湖盆湿地生态区划研究

建立了坝上内陆湖盆湿地二级区划指标体系,以地形地貌、植被类型、气候等作为一级区划指标,以微地貌类型、植被类型、土壤类型、气候、生态系统类型、湿地特征及人类活动为二级区划指标。并根据这些指标体系,将该区划分为3个一级区、9个二级区,并利用GIS绘制了坝上内陆湖盆湿地生态区划图,对各生态区生态环境特征、存在问题及治理措施等方面进行了描述,为当地生态环境建设和产业结构调整提供指导,促进该区的可持续发展。

河北种子植物分布新资料

报道了河北省种子植物新分布记录———草甸碎米荠(Cardamine pratensis L.)和外来引种半逸生植物———半边莲(Lobelia chinensis Lour.),对它们的识别特征及地理分布做了简要讨论,并根据标本绘制了形态特征图。

河北坝上内陆湖盆湿地生态脆弱性评价研究

选取14个表征生态脆弱性的具体指标并赋以权重,通过计算生态脆弱性指数对坝上内陆湖盆湿地生态脆弱性进行了评价。结果表明:坝上湿地整体脆弱性程度为中度接近于强度脆弱,以县为评价单元的脆弱程度状况为尚义>张北>康保>沽源,主要的脆弱性因素是水资源及植被状况。以上结果说明坝上内陆湖盆湿地生态脆弱化现象严重,生态保护和恢复工作不容忽视。

北京怀沙河、怀九河污染指示藻类水质评价

通过对北京怀沙、怀九河65种污染指示藻类的时(各月份)空(各采样点)分布频度统计,发现该研究区的水质污染等级大致范围在微污至甲型中污,且更接近于乙型中污。应用污染指数对该区水质进行了进一步评价,结果表明,该区污染指数SI变动范围在1.45～2.42,平均值为1.93,说明该区的水污染类型属于乙型中污。

Research on Ecological Regionalization of Inland Lake Wetland of Bashang in Hebei Province

An ecological regionalization index system was established for Bashang inland lake wetland based on ecological and environmental factors,with landform,geomorphy,vegetation types and climate as primary indices,micro-landform,vegetation type,soil type,climate,ecosystem types,wetland features and human activities as secondary indices. Based on these index systems,the area was divided into three eco-environment regions and nine sub eco-environment regions. An eco-regional map of Bashang inland lake wetland was drawn by using GIS. The ecological characteristics,existing problems and control measures of each region were described. This study will supply guidance for the construction of local ecological environment and regulation of industrial structure,promoting sustainable development of Bashang inland lake wetland.

河北种子植物球尾花新分布记录

2012年在对河北坝上植被调查过程中,对该区分布的种子植物进行了采集、鉴定,经查阅相关文献[1-3],发现尚未见报道的河北省1种种子植物球尾花（Lysimachia thyrsimachia L.）分布新记录。新记录植物的发现为河北省种子植物区系研究提供了新资料,对丰富河北省植物多样性及河北省种子植物区系的研究具有重要意义。

Vegetation Influence Investigation of GangnanHuangbizhuang Reservoir Downstream River and Recovery Strategies

The research selected three typical areas for plant investigation, including upper reaches of Gangnan Reservoir, the area between Gangnan and downstream of Huangbizhuang Reservoir, and Huangbizhuang Reservoir. The results showed that affected by water, plant species, species diversity and species richness were all decreasing in varying degrees as the distance with watercourse upper reaches was increasing, but the ratio of Anthropochory plants was growing. The research finally proposed countermeasures, including increasing wetland area, constructing forests and artificial water landscape of Hutuo River and reinforcing watercourse compre- hensive management.

Study on Pollen Morphology of Nine Major Crops in Bashang Plateau of Hebei Province

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the pollen morphology of nine major crops in Bashang Plateau of Hebei Province. [Method] By using an optical microscope, pollen morphology of nine major crops in Bashang Plateau of Hebei Province was observed and compared. [Result] Pollen grains were spherical, nearly spherical or prolate; pollen grains of Cucurbita pepo were the largest, and those of Brassica campestris were the smallest; P/E value of Vicia faba was the maximum of 1.77, and that of Avena chinsis was the minimum of 1.00; there were six types of germinal apertures, including single-aperture, scattered-aperture, 3-aperture, 3-groove, 3-colporate and 3-4-colporate; there were four types of exine ornamentation, including reticulate ornamentation, warty ornamentation, spinulose ornamentation and granular ornamentation. [Conclusion] This study not only provided standard maps and related information for the identification of crop pollens in different strata, but also provided modern palynological evidence for extracting information of synarthropic plants （cultivated crops mostly） in different strata, deducing the natural environment ancient human lived in, and understanding the relationship between human and environmental changes.

河北坝上九种主要农作物的花粉形态

应用光学显微镜对河北省坝上地区的9种主要农作物的花粉形态进行了观察和研究.结果表明,花粉粒呈圆球形、近球形或长球形;体积最大的花粉为西葫芦（Cucurbita pepo）,最小的为油菜（Brassica campestris）;P/E值最大的花粉为蚕豆（Vicia faba）1.77,最小的为莜麦（Avena chinsis）1.00;花粉的萌发孔主要有单孔、散孔、3孔、3沟、3孔沟、3～4孔沟等6种类型;其外壁纹饰主要包括网状、瘤状、具刺、颗粒状等4种类型.该研究为地层中农作物花粉鉴定提供标准图谱和相关信息,为地层中伴人植物（主要为栽培作物）信息的提取,推断古人类生活的自然环境,了解人类与环境变化的关系提供现代孢粉学证据.

准噶尔盆地古尔班通古特沙漠生物结皮蓝藻研究

通过对古尔班通古特沙漠中9个样地73份生物土壤结皮蓝藻的研究,分析该沙漠生物结皮中蓝藻的区系组成、生态分布特点和蓝藻在生物结皮中的作用机制。研究表明,该沙漠中有蓝藻门植物6科25属77种,其中以丝状种类占优势;蓝藻在不同地貌部位分布略有差异,在丘间低地种类最为丰富;不同种类的蓝藻对地貌部位的选择性不同,大部分对地貌部位具有选择性;蓝藻种类和数量在结皮层较多,在结皮下层明显减少。生物结皮的显微观察揭示了丝状蓝藻和胞外多糖形成错综复杂的网状结构,起着捆绑、黏结沙粒和固定沙粒的作用。

庄园式山区开发模式研究

该文介绍庄园式山区开发模式的特点 ,开发者有了长期的土地使用权 ,可根据自身资金实力进行自主开发 ;以园为家实现生产环境与生活环境的统一 ;经营管理实现生产专业化 ,经营集约化 ,种养科技化 ,管理企业化 ,投资多元化。该模式主要的经营方式为大户独自或联户与集体签定开发合约 ,进行长期开发 ,形成联投入、联劳动、联技术、联效益的利益共同体。

白洋淀水体氮磷时空分布与富营养化分析

根据白洋淀8个典型样点2012—2014年连续3年水质的实测数据,分析水体中氮、磷的时空分布特征,采用综合营养状态指数法对白洋淀2012—2014年水体富营养化现状进行了评价,结合历史数据对白洋淀水体富营养化趋势进行分析。结果表明,空间上各样点水体总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)含量存在明显差异,TN和TP均以南刘庄最高,TN主要表现为春季、夏季高,秋季低,TP主要表现为夏季、秋季高,春季略低。综合营养指数评价结果表明,白洋淀水体总体处于轻度富营养化状态,部分区域呈中度富营养化;富营养化程度在夏秋两季较高,春季较低;随着白洋淀的综合整治,水质有了一定改善,富营养化程度整体呈下降趋势。南刘庄属于劣Ⅴ类水体,常年处于中度富营养化状态,有效降低通过府河输入白洋淀的含氮、磷污染物总量是缓解白洋淀水体富营养化的关键。

基于ArcGIS的河北省生态环境脆弱性评估研究

[目的]对河北省生态环境脆弱性进行评估。[方法]基于ArcGIS,运用主导因素法和最大限制因素法,构建河北省生态环境脆弱性评估的敏感性-现实性概念框架模型,对生态环境脆弱性进行定量评估,并分析其空间分布特征。[结果]河北省生态环境敏感性与其退化现状具有不一致性;重度脆弱区占全省总面积的4.1%,比例较小,主要分布在冀西北间山盆地的张家口坝下9县区,呈条带状分布,是土壤侵蚀脆弱性和土地沙化脆弱性共同作用的结果;中度脆弱占38.4%,比例最大,主要分布在冀西北间山盆地、燕山山区及太行山山区的大部分地区,主要由土壤侵蚀脆弱性所致,坝上坝下也有大块分布,主要由土地沙化脆弱性所致;河北平原区主要表现为轻度脆弱和微度脆弱,分别占全省面积25.1%和32.4%。[结论]该研究为保障河北省生态安全和省域主体功能区规划提供了科学依据。

河北省坝上内陆湖盆湿地退化原因分析

河北省坝上内陆湖盆湿地退化有其气温升高、大风影响的自然原因,同时人口、耕地面积和水浇地面积的大幅增加,以及错季蔬菜的生产等也加大了水源利用量,导致以安固里淖、察汉淖为代表的很多湖泊全部干涸或部分干涸。针对其退化原因,提出恢复湿地生态系统功能的相关措施。

Analysis on the Degradation Causes of Bashang Inland Lake Wetland in Hebei Province

The degeneration of Bashang inland lake wetland in Hebei Province is caused by both some natural reasons,such as temperature rises and violent pathogenic wind,and some human factors like the large increase of population and arable area,the production of season-staggered vegetable,which have increased the water utilization and made many lakes dry up completely or partly.Based on the degeneration reasons,the related measures for restoring the function of Bashang wetland ecosystem were proposed in this paper.

柳叶滴眼液的制备及对兔眼刺激性的实验研究

目的:观察柳叶滴眼液对兔眼的刺激性反应;方法:取新鲜柳叶,采用水提、醇沉、超滤、灭菌等工艺制备滴眼液,家兔18只随机分为2组,用生理盐水作空白对照,观察柳叶滴眼液滴眼后家兔眼角膜、结膜、虹膜的变化。结果:柳叶滴眼液对家兔眼眼角膜、结膜、虹膜无任刺激。结论:柳叶滴眼液安全无刺激。

Pollen Morphology and Ecological Significance of Nine Hygrophyte Species at Sevenstar Lake Area in the Bashang Area of Hebei Province

ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the morphological characteristics of pollen from nine hygrophyte species at Sevenstar Lake area in the Bashang Area （the southern edge of Inner Mongolian Plateau） of Hebei Province, as well as their ecological significance. MethodThe pollen morphology of nine hygrophyte species distributed at Seven Star Lake area was observed and studied by using an optical microscope, and morphological characteristics like size, shape, surface ornamentation were recorded. ResultsPollen grains were globose, subglobose prolate spheroidal; germination aperture had five types, namely, 3-groove, 6-groove, 3 （4）-groove, 3-colporate, 3 （4）-colporate; ektexine possessed four kinds of ornamentation： reticulate, striped, spiny, granular. Meanwhile, the environmental indication significance of these nine hygrophyte species was also discussed according to their habitats, origin and distribution. ConclusionThe study provides the basis of modern palynology for the study of ancient environment, ancient vegetation and paleoclimate.

滦河口湿地黑嘴鸥原繁殖地恢复研究

滦河口湿地曾是世界四大黑嘴鸥繁殖地之一。近年来该地生态环境日益恶化,使黑嘴鸥失去了繁殖地。该文分析滦河口湿地环境因子变化和人为干扰对黑嘴鸥繁殖的影响,探讨恢复黑嘴鸥原繁殖地生态环境的目标和关键问题,为滦河口湿地恢复黑嘴鸥繁殖地以及有效保护黑嘴鸥种群提供理论依据。