【目的】评估7种新烟碱类杀虫剂制剂对七星瓢虫Coccinella septempunctata的毒性和生态风险,为科学使用新烟碱类杀虫剂和保护七星瓢虫提供参考。【方法】采用试管药膜法,在室内测定了10%吡虫啉可湿性粉剂(WP)、40%啶虫脒可溶粉剂(SP)、...【目的】评估7种新烟碱类杀虫剂制剂对七星瓢虫Coccinella septempunctata的毒性和生态风险,为科学使用新烟碱类杀虫剂和保护七星瓢虫提供参考。【方法】采用试管药膜法,在室内测定了10%吡虫啉可湿性粉剂(WP)、40%啶虫脒可溶粉剂(SP)、50%呋虫胺可湿性粉剂(WP)、50%噻虫胺水分散粒剂(WG)、40%氯噻啉水分散粒剂(WG)、17%氟吡呋喃酮可溶液剂(SL)和25%噻虫嗪水分散粒剂(WG)7种新烟碱杀虫剂制剂对七星瓢虫2龄幼虫的急性毒性,并进行了生态风险评估。将7种杀虫剂分别用生产田间最大推荐用量配制成溶液,在温室内采用盆栽法实施喷雾,调查七星瓢虫幼虫的存活率。【结果】室内实验结果表明,7种新烟碱类杀虫剂对七星瓢虫2龄幼虫的急性毒性由高到低依次为:40%啶虫脒SP>40%氯噻啉WG>10%吡虫啉WP>50%呋虫胺WP>50%噻虫胺WG>25%噻虫嗪WG>17%氟吡呋喃酮SL。盆栽试验表明,在田间最大推荐用量下,施药后7 d时的七星瓢虫幼虫存活率为10.00%~77.50%,其中施用25%噻虫嗪WG的处理中幼虫存活率最高,施用40%氯噻啉WG的处理中幼虫存活率最低。风险评估结果表明,在单次用药下,除40%啶虫脒SP的农田内危害熵值(hazard quotient in field,HQ_(in))大于5,风险不可接受,其他药剂的HQ_(in)均小于5,风险均可接受;7种杀虫剂对七星瓢虫的农田外农作物或蔬菜田场景危害熵值(hazard quotient off crop or vegetable,HQ_(off crop or vegetable))和农田外果园场景危害熵值(hazard quotient off fruit tree,HQ_(off fruit tree))均大于5,风险均可接受。间隔7 d再次用药后,40%啶虫脒SP和50%呋虫胺WP的HQ in大于5,风险不可接受,其他5种药剂的HQ in均小于5,风险可接受;而除了40%啶虫脒SP外,其他药剂对七星瓢虫的HQ_(off crop or vegetable)和HQ_(off fruit tree)均小于5,风险均可接受。【结论】为避免对七星瓢虫造成危害,建议在生产上啶虫脒和呋虫胺不要连续使用两次,应轮换使用药剂。展开更多
The kinetic behavior of reaction of dibasic acid half ester with epoxy compound, which is one of the key reaction occurring in the technology of liquid alkali developing type solder resists, was investigated in this p...The kinetic behavior of reaction of dibasic acid half ester with epoxy compound, which is one of the key reaction occurring in the technology of liquid alkali developing type solder resists, was investigated in this paper, by using the monomethyl esters of maleic acid, succinic acid, phthalic acid, cis 1,2,3,6 tetrahydrophthalic acid and cis hexahydrophthalic acid as model compounds. It was found that for the reaction catalyzed by tetramethyl ammonium bromide(TMAB), the reaction order for dibasic acid half ester and for PGE is 0 5 and 1 respectively when the dibasic acid monomethyl esters with a smaller size and/or with a stronger acitity were used, while it is 0 and 1 respectively when the dibasic acid monomethyl esters with a larger size and a weeker acitity were used. The reaction mechanism has also been discussed, from which a rate equation has been obtained which is in agreement with the experiment results.展开更多
Visible light curable photoresist consisting of epoxy resin Epon SU8 and iron arene photo initiator Irgacure 261 was used to fabricate three dimensional microstructure by means of three dimensional holographic lithogr...Visible light curable photoresist consisting of epoxy resin Epon SU8 and iron arene photo initiator Irgacure 261 was used to fabricate three dimensional microstructure by means of three dimensional holographic lithography technique. Argon ion laser with wavelength of 488 nm was used as light source in the experiments. Field emission microscope diagram showed the formation of three dimensional microstructure. It was found that the amount of photo initiator, the laser intensity and the exposure time are the key factors to obtain well defined three dimensional microstructure.展开更多
Huggins equation has been found not suitable for the ionomer solution because of the aggregation of polymer chains. In this paper a viscosity equation for describing the viscometric behavior of ionomer solution is pro...Huggins equation has been found not suitable for the ionomer solution because of the aggregation of polymer chains. In this paper a viscosity equation for describing the viscometric behavior of ionomer solution is proposed as follows:where A, κ and γ are adjustable parameters. Two kinds of zinc sulfonated butyl rubber (Zn-SIIR) ionomers with different molecular weight ([η]=0.65 and 1.47dL·g-1, xylene, 25 ℃) have been synthesized. Viscosity measurements for the ionomers in xylene containing various amount of hexanol (0～0.2mol·L-1) as cosolvent have been done. It has been found that ln(ηSP/c) increases linerly whit cγ for all plots and the liner correlative coefficients (R) are all higher than 0.999, indicating that viscosity concentration relationship for these ionomer solutions is in accordance with the viscosity equation mentioned above.The value of γ increases as hexanol content decreases. Science lower hexanol content leads to higher degree of aggregation of polymer chains, it is suggested that γ was related to the aggregation of polymer chains.展开更多
文摘【目的】评估7种新烟碱类杀虫剂制剂对七星瓢虫Coccinella septempunctata的毒性和生态风险,为科学使用新烟碱类杀虫剂和保护七星瓢虫提供参考。【方法】采用试管药膜法,在室内测定了10%吡虫啉可湿性粉剂(WP)、40%啶虫脒可溶粉剂(SP)、50%呋虫胺可湿性粉剂(WP)、50%噻虫胺水分散粒剂(WG)、40%氯噻啉水分散粒剂(WG)、17%氟吡呋喃酮可溶液剂(SL)和25%噻虫嗪水分散粒剂(WG)7种新烟碱杀虫剂制剂对七星瓢虫2龄幼虫的急性毒性,并进行了生态风险评估。将7种杀虫剂分别用生产田间最大推荐用量配制成溶液,在温室内采用盆栽法实施喷雾,调查七星瓢虫幼虫的存活率。【结果】室内实验结果表明,7种新烟碱类杀虫剂对七星瓢虫2龄幼虫的急性毒性由高到低依次为:40%啶虫脒SP>40%氯噻啉WG>10%吡虫啉WP>50%呋虫胺WP>50%噻虫胺WG>25%噻虫嗪WG>17%氟吡呋喃酮SL。盆栽试验表明,在田间最大推荐用量下,施药后7 d时的七星瓢虫幼虫存活率为10.00%~77.50%,其中施用25%噻虫嗪WG的处理中幼虫存活率最高,施用40%氯噻啉WG的处理中幼虫存活率最低。风险评估结果表明,在单次用药下,除40%啶虫脒SP的农田内危害熵值(hazard quotient in field,HQ_(in))大于5,风险不可接受,其他药剂的HQ_(in)均小于5,风险均可接受;7种杀虫剂对七星瓢虫的农田外农作物或蔬菜田场景危害熵值(hazard quotient off crop or vegetable,HQ_(off crop or vegetable))和农田外果园场景危害熵值(hazard quotient off fruit tree,HQ_(off fruit tree))均大于5,风险均可接受。间隔7 d再次用药后,40%啶虫脒SP和50%呋虫胺WP的HQ in大于5,风险不可接受,其他5种药剂的HQ in均小于5,风险可接受;而除了40%啶虫脒SP外,其他药剂对七星瓢虫的HQ_(off crop or vegetable)和HQ_(off fruit tree)均小于5,风险均可接受。【结论】为避免对七星瓢虫造成危害,建议在生产上啶虫脒和呋虫胺不要连续使用两次,应轮换使用药剂。
文摘The kinetic behavior of reaction of dibasic acid half ester with epoxy compound, which is one of the key reaction occurring in the technology of liquid alkali developing type solder resists, was investigated in this paper, by using the monomethyl esters of maleic acid, succinic acid, phthalic acid, cis 1,2,3,6 tetrahydrophthalic acid and cis hexahydrophthalic acid as model compounds. It was found that for the reaction catalyzed by tetramethyl ammonium bromide(TMAB), the reaction order for dibasic acid half ester and for PGE is 0 5 and 1 respectively when the dibasic acid monomethyl esters with a smaller size and/or with a stronger acitity were used, while it is 0 and 1 respectively when the dibasic acid monomethyl esters with a larger size and a weeker acitity were used. The reaction mechanism has also been discussed, from which a rate equation has been obtained which is in agreement with the experiment results.
文摘Visible light curable photoresist consisting of epoxy resin Epon SU8 and iron arene photo initiator Irgacure 261 was used to fabricate three dimensional microstructure by means of three dimensional holographic lithography technique. Argon ion laser with wavelength of 488 nm was used as light source in the experiments. Field emission microscope diagram showed the formation of three dimensional microstructure. It was found that the amount of photo initiator, the laser intensity and the exposure time are the key factors to obtain well defined three dimensional microstructure.
文摘Huggins equation has been found not suitable for the ionomer solution because of the aggregation of polymer chains. In this paper a viscosity equation for describing the viscometric behavior of ionomer solution is proposed as follows:where A, κ and γ are adjustable parameters. Two kinds of zinc sulfonated butyl rubber (Zn-SIIR) ionomers with different molecular weight ([η]=0.65 and 1.47dL·g-1, xylene, 25 ℃) have been synthesized. Viscosity measurements for the ionomers in xylene containing various amount of hexanol (0～0.2mol·L-1) as cosolvent have been done. It has been found that ln(ηSP/c) increases linerly whit cγ for all plots and the liner correlative coefficients (R) are all higher than 0.999, indicating that viscosity concentration relationship for these ionomer solutions is in accordance with the viscosity equation mentioned above.The value of γ increases as hexanol content decreases. Science lower hexanol content leads to higher degree of aggregation of polymer chains, it is suggested that γ was related to the aggregation of polymer chains.
