目的:评价不同结核病负担地区、不同筛查技术、不同筛查策略的活动性结核病患者密切接触者的结核分枝杆菌潜伏感染(简称“潜伏感染”)率。方法:通过检索中国期刊全文数据库、Web of Science、Medline和Embase数据库,按照文献纳入和排除...目的:评价不同结核病负担地区、不同筛查技术、不同筛查策略的活动性结核病患者密切接触者的结核分枝杆菌潜伏感染(简称“潜伏感染”)率。方法:通过检索中国期刊全文数据库、Web of Science、Medline和Embase数据库,按照文献纳入和排除标准筛选文献。共纳入214篇文献,从其中33篇文献中提取结核病续发率,从214篇文献中提取感染率。将纳入文献分别以研究地区、筛查技术、筛查策略进行分组,应用Meta分析的方法,计算并比较密切接触者调查所发现的潜伏感染率和(或)结核病续发率。结果:结核病高负担国家密切接触者潜伏感染率为12.0%(95%CI:9.0%~16.0%),高于低负担国家密切接触者潜伏感染率[7.0%(95%CI:5.8%~11.0%)];结核菌素皮肤试验筛查潜伏感染率为41.0%(95%CI:33.0%~49.0%),略高于γ-干扰素释放试验的36.0%(95%CI:26.0%~45.0%);通过对涂阳和涂阴患者密切接触者的调查,潜伏感染率分别为34.0%(95%CI:23.0%~45.0%)和20.0%(95%CI:10.0%~30.0%);家庭密切接触者潜伏感染率为24.0%(95%CI:16.0%~33.0%),高于一般人群(13.0%~20.0%);密切接触者中15岁以下儿童续发率高达4.6%(95%CI:2.6%~7.1%),高于15~60岁人群的2.6%(95%CI:0.9%~4.3%)及60岁以上人群的3.3%(95%CI:0.9%~4.3%);60岁以上人群潜伏感染率达31.0%(95%CI:0.9%~60.0%),高于15岁以下儿童的25.0%(95%CI:18.0%~33.0%)。结论:在结核病高负担国家,针对涂阳患者密切接触者的调查,以及家庭密切接触者的针对性筛查,是早期发现结核病患者的有效手段,儿童和老年人应作为密切接触者调查的重点对象。展开更多
By using one-dimensional tight-binding model modified to include electron-electric field interaction and electron-electron interaction,we theoretically explore the polarization process of exciton and biexciton in cis-...By using one-dimensional tight-binding model modified to include electron-electric field interaction and electron-electron interaction,we theoretically explore the polarization process of exciton and biexciton in cis-polyacetylene.The dynamical simulation is performed by adopting the non-adiabatic evolution approach.The results show that under the effect of moderate electric field,when the strength of electron-electron interaction is weak,the singlet exciton is stable but its polarization presents obvious oscillation.With the enhancement of interaction,it is dissociated into polaron pairs,the spin-flip of which can be observed through modulating the interaction strength.For the triplet exciton,the strong electron-electron interaction restrains its normal polarization,but it is still stable.In the case of biexciton,the strong electron-electron interaction not only dissociate it,but also flip its charge distribution.The yield of the possible states formed after the dissociation of exciton and biexciton is also calculated.展开更多
文摘目的:评价不同结核病负担地区、不同筛查技术、不同筛查策略的活动性结核病患者密切接触者的结核分枝杆菌潜伏感染(简称“潜伏感染”)率。方法:通过检索中国期刊全文数据库、Web of Science、Medline和Embase数据库,按照文献纳入和排除标准筛选文献。共纳入214篇文献,从其中33篇文献中提取结核病续发率,从214篇文献中提取感染率。将纳入文献分别以研究地区、筛查技术、筛查策略进行分组,应用Meta分析的方法,计算并比较密切接触者调查所发现的潜伏感染率和(或)结核病续发率。结果:结核病高负担国家密切接触者潜伏感染率为12.0%(95%CI:9.0%~16.0%),高于低负担国家密切接触者潜伏感染率[7.0%(95%CI:5.8%~11.0%)];结核菌素皮肤试验筛查潜伏感染率为41.0%(95%CI:33.0%~49.0%),略高于γ-干扰素释放试验的36.0%(95%CI:26.0%~45.0%);通过对涂阳和涂阴患者密切接触者的调查,潜伏感染率分别为34.0%(95%CI:23.0%~45.0%)和20.0%(95%CI:10.0%~30.0%);家庭密切接触者潜伏感染率为24.0%(95%CI:16.0%~33.0%),高于一般人群(13.0%~20.0%);密切接触者中15岁以下儿童续发率高达4.6%(95%CI:2.6%~7.1%),高于15~60岁人群的2.6%(95%CI:0.9%~4.3%)及60岁以上人群的3.3%(95%CI:0.9%~4.3%);60岁以上人群潜伏感染率达31.0%(95%CI:0.9%~60.0%),高于15岁以下儿童的25.0%(95%CI:18.0%~33.0%)。结论:在结核病高负担国家,针对涂阳患者密切接触者的调查,以及家庭密切接触者的针对性筛查,是早期发现结核病患者的有效手段,儿童和老年人应作为密切接触者调查的重点对象。
基金Project supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,China(Grant No.ZR2020MA070).
文摘By using one-dimensional tight-binding model modified to include electron-electric field interaction and electron-electron interaction,we theoretically explore the polarization process of exciton and biexciton in cis-polyacetylene.The dynamical simulation is performed by adopting the non-adiabatic evolution approach.The results show that under the effect of moderate electric field,when the strength of electron-electron interaction is weak,the singlet exciton is stable but its polarization presents obvious oscillation.With the enhancement of interaction,it is dissociated into polaron pairs,the spin-flip of which can be observed through modulating the interaction strength.For the triplet exciton,the strong electron-electron interaction restrains its normal polarization,but it is still stable.In the case of biexciton,the strong electron-electron interaction not only dissociate it,but also flip its charge distribution.The yield of the possible states formed after the dissociation of exciton and biexciton is also calculated.
