小角散射实验站用户获取的实验数据质量与实验站的光路优化状态(较低的散射背景、准确的样品前后光强计数等)密切相关。目前小角散射实验站光路优化是手动优化方式,不利于用户机时的有效利用。在实验物理与工业控制系统(Experimental Ph...小角散射实验站用户获取的实验数据质量与实验站的光路优化状态(较低的散射背景、准确的样品前后光强计数等)密切相关。目前小角散射实验站光路优化是手动优化方式,不利于用户机时的有效利用。在实验物理与工业控制系统(Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System,EPICS)和控制系统工具箱(Control System Studio,CSS)平台下,使用Python语言设计并开发了光路优化自动校准程序,通过狭缝刀口扫描确定直通光中心位置,根据遗传算法的单目标和多目标优化方法自动优化,得到较低的空气背底散射图像,最终完成调光。测试结果表明:自动校准程序可以在30 min内完成实验站单色光狭缝和束流阻挡器位置调试,简化了实验站的光路优化工作,提高了小角散射实验站的自动化程度。展开更多
Beamline BL16B1 at Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF) is dedicated to studying the microstructure and dynamic processes of polymers, nanomaterials, mesoporous materials, colloids, liquid crystals,metal mate...Beamline BL16B1 at Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF) is dedicated to studying the microstructure and dynamic processes of polymers, nanomaterials, mesoporous materials, colloids, liquid crystals,metal materials, etc. At present, SAXS, wide angle X-ray scattering(WAXS), simultaneous SAXS/WAXS,grazing incident SAXS, and anomalous SAXS techniques are available for end user to conduct diverse experiments at this beamline. The sample-to-detector distance is adjustable from 0.2 m to 5 m. The practicable q-range is 0.03–3.6 nm-1at incident X-ray of 10 ke V for conventional SAXS whilst a continuous q-region of0.06–33 nm-1can be achieved in simultaneous SAXS/WAXS mode. Time-resolved SAXS measurements in sub-second level was achieved by the beamline upgrating in 2013. This paper gives detailed descriptions about the status, performance and applications of the SAXS beamline.展开更多
X-ray speckle tracking based methods can provide results with best reported angular accuracy up to 2 nrad. However,duo to the multi-frame requirement for phase retrieval and the possible instability of the x-ray beam,...X-ray speckle tracking based methods can provide results with best reported angular accuracy up to 2 nrad. However,duo to the multi-frame requirement for phase retrieval and the possible instability of the x-ray beam, mechanical and background vibration, the actual accuracy will inevitably be degraded by these time-dependent fluctuations. Therefore,not only spatial position, but also temporal features of the speckle patterns need to be considered in order to maintain the superiority of the speckle-based methods. In this paper, we propose a parallel acquisition method with advantages of real time and high accuracy, which has potential applicability to dynamic samples imaging as well as on-line beam monitoring.Through simulations, we demonstrate that the proposed method can reduce the phase error caused by the fluctuations to1% at most compared with current speckle tracking methods. Meanwhile, it can keep the accuracy deterioration within0.03 nrad, making the high theoretical accuracy a reality. Also, we find that waveforms of the incident beam have a little impact on the phase retrieved and will not influence the actual accuracy, which relaxes the requirements for speckle-based experiments.展开更多
Elongated microvoids, internal fibrillar structure, and edge scattering from both surface refraction cause an equatorial streak in small angle X-ray scattering. A model for analyzing the edge scattering of fibers is p...Elongated microvoids, internal fibrillar structure, and edge scattering from both surface refraction cause an equatorial streak in small angle X-ray scattering. A model for analyzing the edge scattering of fibers is proposed. Simulation results indicate that the intensity of edge scattering from surface refraction of a cylindrical fiber is strong and makes an important contribution to the equatorial streak. Two factors influence edge scattering intensity. One is the sample-to-detector distance （D）; edge scattering intensity increases with increasing D. The equatorial streak becomes weak when D is shortened. The other factor is the refraction index. Edge scattering intensity increases as the real component of the refraction index decreases. In experiment, weak or even no equatorial streaks were found for samples measured in a roughly index-matching fluid. Edge scattering can be eliminated or weakened, and it can be calculated by comparing the intensities of a cylindrical fiber when it is measured in air and in index-matching fluid. The simulation data are basically in agreement with the experimental data.展开更多
文摘小角散射实验站用户获取的实验数据质量与实验站的光路优化状态(较低的散射背景、准确的样品前后光强计数等)密切相关。目前小角散射实验站光路优化是手动优化方式,不利于用户机时的有效利用。在实验物理与工业控制系统(Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System,EPICS)和控制系统工具箱(Control System Studio,CSS)平台下,使用Python语言设计并开发了光路优化自动校准程序,通过狭缝刀口扫描确定直通光中心位置,根据遗传算法的单目标和多目标优化方法自动优化,得到较低的空气背底散射图像,最终完成调光。测试结果表明:自动校准程序可以在30 min内完成实验站单色光狭缝和束流阻挡器位置调试,简化了实验站的光路优化工作,提高了小角散射实验站的自动化程度。
基金Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(Nos.2011CB911104,2011CB606104,and 2011CB605604)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11305249,11005143,50903089,51273210,11405259,51303200,and 11305242)Knowledge Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences
文摘Beamline BL16B1 at Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF) is dedicated to studying the microstructure and dynamic processes of polymers, nanomaterials, mesoporous materials, colloids, liquid crystals,metal materials, etc. At present, SAXS, wide angle X-ray scattering(WAXS), simultaneous SAXS/WAXS,grazing incident SAXS, and anomalous SAXS techniques are available for end user to conduct diverse experiments at this beamline. The sample-to-detector distance is adjustable from 0.2 m to 5 m. The practicable q-range is 0.03–3.6 nm-1at incident X-ray of 10 ke V for conventional SAXS whilst a continuous q-region of0.06–33 nm-1can be achieved in simultaneous SAXS/WAXS mode. Time-resolved SAXS measurements in sub-second level was achieved by the beamline upgrating in 2013. This paper gives detailed descriptions about the status, performance and applications of the SAXS beamline.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11675253 and 11505278)。
文摘X-ray speckle tracking based methods can provide results with best reported angular accuracy up to 2 nrad. However,duo to the multi-frame requirement for phase retrieval and the possible instability of the x-ray beam, mechanical and background vibration, the actual accuracy will inevitably be degraded by these time-dependent fluctuations. Therefore,not only spatial position, but also temporal features of the speckle patterns need to be considered in order to maintain the superiority of the speckle-based methods. In this paper, we propose a parallel acquisition method with advantages of real time and high accuracy, which has potential applicability to dynamic samples imaging as well as on-line beam monitoring.Through simulations, we demonstrate that the proposed method can reduce the phase error caused by the fluctuations to1% at most compared with current speckle tracking methods. Meanwhile, it can keep the accuracy deterioration within0.03 nrad, making the high theoretical accuracy a reality. Also, we find that waveforms of the incident beam have a little impact on the phase retrieved and will not influence the actual accuracy, which relaxes the requirements for speckle-based experiments.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 50903089, 10979073, 11005143, and 10979006)the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant Nos. 2010CB934501, 2011CB606104, and 2011CB605604)
文摘Elongated microvoids, internal fibrillar structure, and edge scattering from both surface refraction cause an equatorial streak in small angle X-ray scattering. A model for analyzing the edge scattering of fibers is proposed. Simulation results indicate that the intensity of edge scattering from surface refraction of a cylindrical fiber is strong and makes an important contribution to the equatorial streak. Two factors influence edge scattering intensity. One is the sample-to-detector distance （D）; edge scattering intensity increases with increasing D. The equatorial streak becomes weak when D is shortened. The other factor is the refraction index. Edge scattering intensity increases as the real component of the refraction index decreases. In experiment, weak or even no equatorial streaks were found for samples measured in a roughly index-matching fluid. Edge scattering can be eliminated or weakened, and it can be calculated by comparing the intensities of a cylindrical fiber when it is measured in air and in index-matching fluid. The simulation data are basically in agreement with the experimental data.
