The various behaviors of four Amur tigers in captivity were investigated in March from 1998 to 2001 in Harbin Zoo. The results showed that the behavior could be divided into 5 major types: moving, resting, sleeping, e...The various behaviors of four Amur tigers in captivity were investigated in March from 1998 to 2001 in Harbin Zoo. The results showed that the behavior could be divided into 5 major types: moving, resting, sleeping, eating and other behaviors (including drinking, urinating, grooming, playing, standing). Of all behavioral models, sleeping and moving behaviors alone accounted for 75.18% and were two major behavioral models of all behaviors. Resting, eating and other behaviors accounted for 24.82%. Apart from eating, one male and two female individuals have similar peak periods of 4 major behaviors (one peak period in the daytime, and one peak period at night), similar to that of wild Amur tiger. However, one female individual have two clear peak periods at night.展开更多
为了探究同域分布的阿拉善马鹿(Cervur alashanicus)与岩羊(Pseudois nayaur)的日活动节律,及两者在时间生态位上的分化情况。于2014.10—2015.10,在贺兰山利用红外相机技术,对两者进行野外监测。相关监测数据,在R软件中利用“overlap...为了探究同域分布的阿拉善马鹿(Cervur alashanicus)与岩羊(Pseudois nayaur)的日活动节律,及两者在时间生态位上的分化情况。于2014.10—2015.10,在贺兰山利用红外相机技术,对两者进行野外监测。相关监测数据,在R软件中利用“overlap”统计包,采取核密度估计(Kernel density estimation)、重叠指数(Coefficient of overlap):Δ进行分析。结果表明,马鹿日活动节律模式属于晨昏活动类型(日活动高峰期:5:00—10:00、16:00—21:00),存在季节性变化(冷暖季日活动节律重叠指数Δ=0.77),由暖季到冷季晨昏活动高峰期均向中午移动(暖季:4:00—8:00、16:00—22:00,冷季:6:00—11:00、15:00—20:00),昼间活动强度大于暖季,而夜间低于暖季。岩羊日活动节律为主要在昼间活动的模式,其活动高峰期在8:00—10:00、13:00—15:00两个时间段。由暖季到冷季存在季节性变化特征(Δ=0.74),昼间活动高峰期向后推迟(暖季7:00—9:00、12:00—14:00,冷季9:00—11:00、13:00—17:00),夜间活动降低。两者在日活动节律模式上的相似度较高(Δ=0.67),存在冷季(Δ=0.66)高于暖季(Δ=0.61)的季节变化。在日活动节律模式分离特征为:马鹿为晨昏活动模式,岩羊为昼间活动模式;前者昼间活动强度低于后者,而夜间强于后者;两者活动在高峰期上大体错开。本研究不仅提供了马鹿与岩羊的日活动节律模式,而且还分析了两者在时间生态位上的分化方式和共存机制,并为两者行为生态学研究的深入提供必要的科学依据。展开更多
基金This paper was supported by the National Forestry Bureau (97-27).
文摘The various behaviors of four Amur tigers in captivity were investigated in March from 1998 to 2001 in Harbin Zoo. The results showed that the behavior could be divided into 5 major types: moving, resting, sleeping, eating and other behaviors (including drinking, urinating, grooming, playing, standing). Of all behavioral models, sleeping and moving behaviors alone accounted for 75.18% and were two major behavioral models of all behaviors. Resting, eating and other behaviors accounted for 24.82%. Apart from eating, one male and two female individuals have similar peak periods of 4 major behaviors (one peak period in the daytime, and one peak period at night), similar to that of wild Amur tiger. However, one female individual have two clear peak periods at night.
文摘为了探究同域分布的阿拉善马鹿(Cervur alashanicus)与岩羊(Pseudois nayaur)的日活动节律,及两者在时间生态位上的分化情况。于2014.10—2015.10,在贺兰山利用红外相机技术,对两者进行野外监测。相关监测数据,在R软件中利用“overlap”统计包,采取核密度估计(Kernel density estimation)、重叠指数(Coefficient of overlap):Δ进行分析。结果表明,马鹿日活动节律模式属于晨昏活动类型(日活动高峰期:5:00—10:00、16:00—21:00),存在季节性变化(冷暖季日活动节律重叠指数Δ=0.77),由暖季到冷季晨昏活动高峰期均向中午移动(暖季:4:00—8:00、16:00—22:00,冷季:6:00—11:00、15:00—20:00),昼间活动强度大于暖季,而夜间低于暖季。岩羊日活动节律为主要在昼间活动的模式,其活动高峰期在8:00—10:00、13:00—15:00两个时间段。由暖季到冷季存在季节性变化特征(Δ=0.74),昼间活动高峰期向后推迟(暖季7:00—9:00、12:00—14:00,冷季9:00—11:00、13:00—17:00),夜间活动降低。两者在日活动节律模式上的相似度较高(Δ=0.67),存在冷季(Δ=0.66)高于暖季(Δ=0.61)的季节变化。在日活动节律模式分离特征为:马鹿为晨昏活动模式,岩羊为昼间活动模式;前者昼间活动强度低于后者,而夜间强于后者;两者活动在高峰期上大体错开。本研究不仅提供了马鹿与岩羊的日活动节律模式,而且还分析了两者在时间生态位上的分化方式和共存机制,并为两者行为生态学研究的深入提供必要的科学依据。