磁化水混凝土耐久性研究

本文主要从四个方面研究了磁化水对混凝土耐久性的影响:孔结构、抗冻融性能、干缩和抗氯离子渗透性能。磁化水由自来水通过自主研制的MW-Ⅰ型磁水器而获得。试验中采用的磁化参数为磁场强度810mT,流速0.73m/s,磁场长度580mm。结果显示,磁化处理使混凝土总孔隙率下降20.8%,各龄期的孔级配改善。导致磁化水混凝土的干燥收缩有较大改善,90天相对收缩下降6%。冻融循环和抗氯离子渗透性能有较大的提高。

凹凸棒石粘土提纯技术及性能研究

添加分散剂对凹凸棒粘土进行提纯,提高凹凸棒粘土的纯度,改善其分散性。通过透射电子显微镜(TEM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察其显微结构,并用X射线(XRD)分析提纯杂质,与原土和采用纯水机械搅拌提纯的凹凸棒粘土进行对比实验。实验结果表明,与凹凸棒原土及纯水法纯化的凹凸棒土相比,添加分散剂的提纯效果最好,提纯后杂质明显减少,应用在建筑材料等方面有广阔的前途。

绿色生态混凝土技术的研究现状与发展

绿色生态混凝土技术是为了减轻地球环境负荷、与生态体系协调发展、创造舒适生活环境的混凝土材料。通过对绿色生态混凝土进行分类,论述了其研究现状和未来发展。绿色生态水泥混凝土是今后水泥混凝土行业发展的大趋势,这样才能使水泥混凝土行业走向可持续发展的道路。

磁化水对水泥拌合物性能的影响

本文主要研究了磁化水对水泥砂浆和净浆性能的影响。磁化水由自来水通过自主研制的MW-Ⅰ型磁水器而获得。试验中研究的磁化参数包括磁化器的磁场强度、水流通过磁场中心的流速、磁场有效长度、水流循环次数和养护时间。结果显示,采用磁化水拌制的水泥净浆流动度、胶砂试件强度和空白试样相比有很大的提高。当磁场强度达到810mT,水流速达到0.73m/s时,性能提高最为明显,水泥初凝时间可以提前30min^50min,砂浆抗压强度早期可提高20%~30%,28d强度增进率有所下降。

PANI/PP复合导电纤维沥青混凝土导电机制

为提高沥青路面使用寿命,对沥青路面进行损坏监测和公路交通智能化管理,以自制的聚苯胺/聚丙烯(PANI/PP)复合导电纤维为导电相材料,制备了新型导电功能混凝土材料.压敏性试验表明,随着压力增大电导率先快后慢逐渐增大,最后趋于导电纤维的电导率.导电沥青混凝土的导电行为可用导电通道和隧道效应进行分析,引进了考虑填料在基体中形成导电网络链难易程度的网络因子n;结合渗流导电理论,建立了导电纤维沥青混合料的电导率方程,确定了相应的参数范围.

不同体积掺量的TiO_2-SiO_2气凝胶对复合砂浆光催化性能的研究

具有锐钛矿相的Ti O_2-Si O_2气凝胶具有优异的光催化性能,试验将其与传统建筑材料复合,研究不同体积掺量的Ti O_2-Si O_2气凝胶对复合砂浆的密度、强度、导热性能及其光催化性能的影响规律。试验室自制的Ti O2-Si O2气凝胶取代骨料中的砂,取代率分别取0、40%、50%、60%、70%。结果表明:随着Ti O2-Si O_2气凝胶体积掺量的增加,砂浆的密度、抗压强度、抗折强度、导热系数均呈下降趋势,较未掺Ti O_2-Si O_2气凝胶的砂浆分别降低了56%、75%、59%、41%。而复合砂浆对甲基橙溶液的降解率随气凝胶体积掺量的增加,呈先升后降的趋势,当气凝胶体积掺量为60%时,降解效率达到最大,约80.24%。

常压制备TiO_2-SiO_2复合气凝胶的光催化性能正交分析

选择4因素3水平的L9(34)正交试验,以水玻璃和四氯化钛为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法和常压环境干燥制备了TiO_2-SiO_2复合气凝胶,甲基橙溶液模拟染料废水,在紫外光下分析正交实验因素对甲基橙的降解影响,并对TiO_2-SiO_2复合气凝胶的形貌、表面基团、疏水性进行了表征。实验结果表明,影响降解率的主要因素为烧结温度,其次是烧结时间,硅含量和硅钛比的影响相对较小。并得到最佳制备工艺条件:硅质量分数为10%、硅钛物质的量比为1 5、经500℃热处理2 h后形成的复合气凝胶催化降解效果最优,270 min降解率达到99. 72%。

混凝土外加剂磁处理效果研究

主要研究了外加剂溶液磁化后对混凝土物理力学性能和水化程度的影响。外加剂选用萘系高效减水剂SW-4和早强剂CF,将它们制成溶液通过一定磁场强度(0.8 T)的水磁化器,测试参数包括外加剂掺量和养护时间。研究表明:所用的外加剂经过磁化后,溶液的电导率和表面张力有了某些的变化,且外加剂磁化后在一定程度上提高混凝土的抗压强度,加快了混凝土的凝结硬化,提高了拌合物的流动性,水化程度有很大的提高。

Influence of Drying Methods on Fractal Geometric Characteristics of Mesoporous Silica Aerogels

Chemical modification/ambient drying method and freeze drying method were introduced to research the synthesis of mesoporous silica aerogels. By analyzing N2 gas adsorption/desorption isotherms, the fractal geometric characteristics of gels were focused. The overall surface fractal dimensions were determined by analyzing N2 gas adsorption branch and a Frenkel-Halsey-Hill （FHH） equation was empolyed to determine surface fractal dimension Df It is found that, during ambient drying process, VTMCS/VWetgel ratio plays a crucial role in the changes of geometric feature, the key point is 50%, when the ratio is lower, and surface roughness increases with the ratio, when it exceeds 50%, the surface is almost unaffected by the modification. While freeze drying always tends to get larger Df freeze drying process could cause a rough surface of the gels. Compared with traditional porosity and specific surface area analyses, fractal geometry may be expected to be favorable for mesoporous structural analyses of materials.

Synthesis and Characteristics of Mesoporous Silica Aerogels with One-step Solvent Exchange/Surface Modification

The synthesis procedures and physical properties of the ambient dried hydrophobic silica aerogels by using different contents of ethanol （EtOH）/trimethylchlorosilane （TMCS）/n-Hexane as surface modification agent were investigated. One-step solvent exchange and surface modification were simultaneously progressed by immersing silica hydrogels in EtOH/TMCS/n-Hexane solution. It is found that microstructures as well as properties of silica aerogels like porosity, specific density and specific surface area are affected by the contents of surface modification agent in the sol from the results of SEM, TEM morphology, FT-IR chemical structure, BET surface area and BJH pore size analyses. The volume of TMCS is of 10% and 20% of hydrogels, and the final product is hydrophilic xerogels. When TMCS＇s percent （v/v） is elevated to 75 %-100%, hydrophobic silica aerogels with good performance are synthesized, the porosities of aerogels are in the range of 93.5%-95.8% and the average pore size diameter is less than 20 nm.

Synthesis and Thermal Insulation Performance of Silica Aerogel from Recycled Coal Gangue by Means of Ambient Pressure Drying

Silica aerogel materials are well recognized for their superinsulation performance and are regarded as one of the hot candidates to revolutionize building insulation. To date, high production cost related to exorbitant precursors as well as cumbrous multi-step hydrophobization process has often narrowed the field of applications. In this work, granular silica aerogel materials were synthesized by extracting Si O2 from recycled rich silicon coal gangue, followed by one-step hydrophobization and ambient pressure drying. Lightweight(about 0.16 g/cm3) and nanostructural aerogels were obtained through this route. They exhibit a 3D open porous microstructure with around 600 cm2/g surface area and 20 nm of the average pore diameter, thermal conductivity of 4-5 mm packed granules is 20-25 m W/(m·K), which was proved by both guarded hot plate and hot-wire transient methods. This study offers a new facile route for the synthesis of silica aerogel from recycled solid waste coal gangue and suggests a method, which may lead to a cost reduction in terms of industrial production.

气凝胶砂浆及其复合混凝土研究

由气凝胶材料的特性入手,首先评述了气凝胶材料的保温隔热和光催化性能,认为气凝胶可以替代普通轻质骨料(如浮石和珍珠岩等)制备轻质隔热混凝土;其次总结了气凝胶结合砂浆及其复合混凝土的研究现状,认为气凝胶砂浆及其复合混凝土的研究不仅可以体现其优异保温隔热性能,也可以结合气凝胶复合材料的光催化性能,制备具有光催化性能的保温隔热砂浆;最后提出了上述方面发展领域尚待解决的一些关键科学问题,确定使用要求下,气凝胶复合混凝土结构耐久性特征的指标与参数等。

Preparation and crystallization action of SiO_2 -Al_2O_3 -CaO-ZnO-R_2O porous glass-ceramics

Using powder-sintering method,SiO2-Al2O3-CaO-ZnO-R2O porous glass-ceramics were produced for analysis. Five samples with different SiO2 /CaO ratios were used in the research. The mechanical properties, microstructures and textures of porous glass-ceramics are investigated by using differential thermogravimetric analysis/differential thermal analysis ( TGA/SDTA) ,X-ray diffraction ( XRD) ,and scanning electron microsco- py ( SEM) . The activity energy of crystallization ( E) and crystallization kinetics parameter ( k) were calculated based on the modified JMA equation. The Avrami parameter n was obtained according to Augis-Bennett function. The results show that the k value of No. 1 sample ( SiO2 /CaO = 61∶ 18) is the largest among all samples, which tends to crystallize more easily,and crystallization processes of all samples are observed bulk crystallization. The main crystal phase observed is parawollastonite ( clinorhombic system) with puncheon shape. Poreforming agents decomposed at 100 - 500 ℃ form a large number of closed pores with micron dimension and several semi-open pores distribute uniformly in the glass-ceramics matrix. This work may be expected to be favorable for industrial scale applications of porous glass-ceramics in the field of building thermal insulation.

Aggregate gradation design of asphalt mixture with stone-to-stone contact based on fuller's model

Based on Fuller＇s model, a gradation design is presented for the load-carrying capacity of an asphalt mixture with stone-to-stone contact. The coarse aggregate gradation, fine aggregate and filler gradation are respectively designed for their different effects on an asphalt mixture with stone-to-stone contact. The equation of coarse aggregate gradation is deduced from the Fuller＇s model. Fine aggregate gradation is calculated by using Fuller＇s equation. The asphalt mixture with the 16 mm maximum size of aggregate is verified. When the coefficient of coarse aggregate gradation is 0.35 and fine aggregate gradation is 0.25, the volume parameters of asphalt mixture meet the technical specifications. Moreover, the high temperature stability and crack resistance at low temperature are all well.

Structural Characteristics and Photocatalytic Activity of Ambient Pressure Dried SiO2/TiO2 Aerogel Composites by One-step Solvent Exchange/Surface Modification

An ambient pressure synthesis of SiO2/TiO2 binary aerogel was prepared through the low-cost precursors of titanium tetrachloride（TiCl4） and sodium silicate（Na2O·nSiO2）.After gelation,solvent exchange and surface modification were performed simultaneously and the modified gel was finally dried under ambient pressure.Microstructural analyses by transmission electron microscope（TEM） indicate that fabricated SiO2/TiO2 aerogel composite shows similar sponge-like nanostructure as silica aerogel,and the Brunauer-EmmettTeller（BET） analysis shows that the specific surface area of the composite reaches 605 m^2/g,and the average pore size is 9.7 nm.Such binary aerogel exhibits significant photocatalytic performance in this paper for treating model pollutant of methyl orange（MO）,and the decolorizing efficiency of MO is detected as 84.9%after 210 mins exposure to UV light irradiation.Degraded gel suspends in the water so as to separate from solution for reuse,and after 4 times recycling,70%degradation efficiency can be easily reached when composite catalyzed system is exposed for 210 mins under UV irradiation.

A comparative study of drying techniques on the morphology of porous silica gels synthesized via sol-gel process

The effect of drying techniques on the microstructure,morphology and pore structure of porous silica gels was studied in the paper.The gels were prepared by using sol-gel process and different drying routes:freeze-drying (FD),low pressure drying (LPD),high temperature drying (HTD) and chemical modification & ambient drying (CMD) techniques.Observation under pore distribution and structural properties showed that CMD technique leads to homogenous mesoporous silica material with specific surface area of 745 m2/g,and the average pore size around 20 nm,while LPD and HTD result in loosely packed particles with non-isotropic aggregation pattern.The specific surface areas of LPD and HTD samples are 419 and 513 m2/g respectively,and the pore size distribution of the samples are observed distributing widely in range of 10-100 nm.Freeze drying method is a new but prospective way to prepare mesoporous silica.The specific area of FD sample is around 500 m2/g.By the comparison for the properties of the gels,this paper wants to induce a further interest in finding a proper method to synthesize the porous silica gels for low price use.

Photocatalytic and Thermal Insulating Performances of Fiber Reinforced Hierarchical TiO_2/SiO_2 Xerogel Composites Synthesized by Ambient Drying Route

Silica( SiO_2) based aerogel/xerogel materials have been received ever-growing attentions for versatile applications. However,the widespread applications are narrowed by the inert properties,fragile and brittle natureof silica materials and cumbersome preparation processes. In this paper,titania( TiO_2) was introduced into SiO_2 matrix to form photocatalytic hybrid gels. The TiO_2/SiO_2 composites were then reinforced by the impregnation of various fibrillary reinforcements,such as glass,mullite mineral and ceramic fibers. The properties of the composites were studied systematically in terms of fiberstability,microstructure,chemical interaction and thermal conductivity. The final xerogel composites displayed improved monolithic geometry,satisfied thermal conductivity(0. 09-0. 25 W·m^(-1)·K^(-1)) and optimized photocatalytic performance(85% removal of model pollutant of methyl orange( Mo)),which could be expected to be a feasible route to multi-functional building facades in the future.

Microwave-assisted Hydrothermal Synthesis of Carbon Materials with Tunable Microstructure

A facile microwave-assisted hydrothermal route has been developed for a synthesis of versatile carbon materials. The monosaccharide fructose aqueous solution was adopted as the starting material, and the p H of the solution was adjusted to be in acidic（pH 4）, neutral（pH 7） and basic（pH 10.5） conditions. The p H buffered fructose solutions were treated at different temperatures by a microwave-assisted hydrothermal technique. As-prepared carbon materials displayed p H and temperature dependent multi-morphologies（porous, spherical or core-shell）, which were determined by transmission and scanning electron microscopic analyses（TEM and SEM）. And the hypothesis of dehydration mechanism of hydrothermal synthesis was analyzed by ultraviolet extinction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. It was found that as compared with normal hydrothermal synthesis, microwave assistance could efficiently increase the production yield and improve the spherical geometry of the carbon particles in neutral condition. By changing the p H of the system, acidic p H induces aggregation of the spheres, while basic p H produces more trends toward core-shell or sponge-like porous structure. The study opens a novel route to the production of polytropic carbon materials and suggests a potential niche market established from the green synthesis.

基于废弃物利用的自保温墙体配套砂浆制备及性能研究

采用淤泥陶砂、废弃加气混凝土结合传热系数小的玻化微珠为砂浆骨料,基于"复合化"思想,制备自保温墙体配套砂浆。采用正交实验探讨混掺砂浆的合理配比,控制4项参数:胶凝材料用量、陶砂(或废料)与玻化微珠体积比、硅灰取代量和胶粉掺量,以干容重、抗压强度、导热系数为考核指标,制备综合利废效果最佳的新型混掺复合保温砂浆。结果表明,陶砂玻化微珠复合砂浆导热系数0.16～0.29W/(m.K),随着陶玻比增大而增大,因此陶砂体积含量增加有利于提高保温性能,加气废料玻化微珠复合砂浆的导热系数0.10～1.14W/(m.K),与陶砂复合保温砂浆相比,有较大的降低。