Mg-Zn系高强度镁合金的研究进展

简单介绍了Mg-Zn系高强度镁合金的特性和发展历史,着重分析Mg-Zn二元合金组织研究的争论焦点,并阐述了Mg-Zn系多元合金的最新研究进展;讨论了塑性成形和热处理的研究热点:大比率挤压、大塑性变形(SPD)和快速凝固(RS)等塑性变形工艺大大提高了Mg-Zn系合金的力学性能,是扩大应用的关键;双级时效的低温预时效阶段会形成大量G.P.区,为后续时效析出相的析出提供形核核心,进而显著提高合金的力学性能等;最后指出Mg-Zn系合金时效强化机理研究、研发含稀土Mg-Zn系合金、研发新型廉价高强度镁合金和塑性变形工艺是将来研究的重点方向。

热处理对Mg-Zn-Mn镁合金组织和性能的影响

通过光学金相、扫描电镜以及能谱分析、显微硬度和室温力学性能测试、X射线衍射分析,研究了不同热处理工艺对Mg-6%Zn-1%Mn(ZM61)镁合金组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,ZM61在420℃下挤压成型后,合金完成动态再结晶并形成了细小的再结晶晶粒;与挤压态相比,挤压后直接时效(T5)处理可以提高合金的强度,但"固溶+时效"处理(T6,T4+双级时效)能更大幅度地强化ZM61镁合金,其抗拉强度最高可达362 MPa,说明人工时效前的固溶处理是必要的,且最佳的固溶处理工艺是420℃×2 h;挤压后直接时效的ZM61合金的失效形式为混合断裂,而经"固溶+时效"处理后为解理断裂。

Effects of Ce addition on microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-6Zn-1Mn alloy

The effects of Ce addition on the microstructure of Mg-6Zn-1Mn alloy during casting, homogenization, hot extrusion, T4, T6 and T4＋two-step aging were investigated. The mechanical properties of alloys with and without Ce were compared. The results showed that Ce had an obvious effect on the microstructure of ZM61-0.5Ce alloy by restricting the occurrence of dynamic recrystallization and restraining the grain growth during extrusion and heat treatment subsequently. A new binary phase Mg 12 Ce was identified in ZM61-0.5Ce alloy, which distributed at grain boundaries and was broken to small particles distributed at grain boundaries along extrusion direction during extrusion. The mechanical properties of as-extruded ZM61-0.5Ce alloy were improved with the addition of Ce. The improved tensile properties of as-extruded ZM61-0.5Ce alloy were due to the finer grain sizes as compared to ZM61 alloy. However, the UTS and YS decreased severely and the elongation increased when ZM61-0.5Ce was treated by T6 and T4＋two-step aging. Brittle Mg 12 Ce phase, which was distributed at the grain boundary areas and cannot dissolve into the Mg matrix after solution treatment, became crack source under tensile stress.

Microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of Mg-x%Zn-1%Mn(x=4,5,6,7,8,9) wrought magnesium alloys

The roles of Zn content and thermo-mechanical treatment in affecting microstructures and mechanical properties of Mg-x%Zn-1%Mn（mass fraction,x=4,5,6,7,8,9） wrought Mg alloys were investigated.The microstructure was extremely refined by dynamic recrystallization（DRC） during extrusion.With increasing Zn content,the DRC grains tended to grow up,at the same time,more second phase streamlines would be present,which restricted the further growing.During solution treatment,the DRC grains would rapidly grow up;however,higher Zn content could hinder the grain boundary expanding,which results in finer ultimate grains.MgZn2 dispersoid particles which are coherent with the matrix would precipitate from the supersaturated solid solution during the one-step aging process,and nano-sized GP zones formed during the pre-aging stage of the two-step aging provide a huge amount of effective nuclei for the MgZn2 phases formed in the second stage,which makes the MgZn2 particles much finer and more dispersed.The mechanical properties of as-extruded samples were not so sensitive to the variation of Zn content,the tensile strength fluctuates between 300 and 320 MPa,and the elongation maintains a high value between 11% and 14%.The strength of aged samples rises as a parabolic curve with increasing Zn content,specifically,the tensile strength of one-step aged samples rises from 278 to 374 MPa,and that of two-step aged ones rises from 284 to 378 MPa,yet the elongation of all aged samples is below 8%.When Zn content exceeds its solid solution limit in Mg-Zn system（6.2%,mass fraction）,the strength rises slowly but the elongation deteriorates sharply,so a Mg-Zn-Mn alloy with 6% Zn possesses the best mechanical properties,that is,the tensile strengths after one-and two-step aging are 352 and 366 MPa,respectively,and the corresponding elongations are 7.98% and 5.2%,respectively.

挤压和热处理对ZM61镁合金组织和性能的影响

研究均匀化、挤压以及热处理对Mg-5.77%Zn-0.94%Mn(ZM61)(质量分数)镁合金显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:ZM61铸态组织呈枝晶结构,枝晶间网状的和枝晶内颗粒状的金属间化合物为Mg7Zn3;经(330℃,8 h)+(420℃,2 h)的两级均匀化处理后,化合物绝大部分溶解于基体;两级均匀化处理可大幅降低合金的挤压温度(降低幅度30℃)、减少挤压态组织中的残余流线、提高挤压态合金的伸长率、缩短固溶时间,但并未明显细化挤压态合金的晶粒;对于可时效强化的ZM61变形镁合金来说,晶粒大小对其力学性能的影响不大,起主要强化作用的是时效析出相的类型、尺寸和弥散程度;ZM61在时效过程中主要析出沿[0001]α-Mg的β1′杆状相和平行于(0001)α-Mg的β2′盘状相的析出相,其中β1′杆状相为起主要强化作用的析出相。

Mn元素在Mg-Zn-Mn合金中演变形式和作用的研究

利用透射电子显微镜(TEM)研究了Mg-6%(质量分数,下同)Zn-1%Mn(ZM61)镁合金中Mn在不同状态下的存在形式和作用。结果表明,铸态组织中大多数Mn固溶于基体中;均匀化处理以后,组织中析出少量细小的α-Mn颗粒;挤压和固溶时大部分Mn以形状规则的α-Mn颗粒的形式析出,主要有3种形态,即规则多边形(以六边形为主)、球状和棒状。通过高分辨透射电子显微分析发现,α-Mn颗粒与α-Mg基体之间存在共格界面关系((1010)α-Mg//(301)α-Mn,[1216]α-Mg//[12 3]α-Mn)。研究还发现α-Mn颗粒可以作为时效过程中MgZn2相的异质形核核心,但依附α-Mn颗粒形核的MgZn2相都较粗大。根据二维晶格错配度"Bramifit模型"计算得出,当α-Mn颗粒与MgZn2之间存在位向关系((200)α-Mn//(1010)MgZn2,[012]α-Mn//[1213]MgZn2)时,二者之间的晶格错配度仅为2.14%,且高分辨显微分析也发现α-Mn颗粒(200)面与MgZn2的(1010)呈共格关系。

Influence of pre-deformation on age-hardening response and mechanical properties of extruded Mg-6%Zn-1%Mn alloy

The effect of cold plastic deformation between solution treatment and artificial aging on the age-hardening response and mechanical properties of alloy was investigated by micro-hardness test,tensile test,optical microscopy（OM） and TEM observation.After solution treatment at 420 ℃ for 1 h,three kinds of pre-deformation strains,i.e.0,5% and 10%,were applied to extruded ZM61 bars.Age-hardening curves show that pre-deformation can significantly accelerate the precipitation kinetics and increase peak-hardness value;however,as pre-deformation strain rises from 5% to 10%,there is no gain in peak hardness value.The room temperature（RT） tensile properties demonstrate that increasing the pre-deformation degree can enhance the yield strength（YS） and ultimate tensile strength（UTS） but moderately reduce elongation（EL）;furthermore,the enhancement of YS is larger than that of UTS.No twin can be observed in 5% pre-deformed microstructure;however,a large number of twins are activated after 10% pre-deformation.The peak-aged TEM microstructure shows that pre-deformation can increase the number density of rod-shaped β 1 ＇ precipitates which play a key role in strengthening ZM61 alloy.

多级断续时效对Mg-Zn-Mn合金显微组织和力学性能的影响

为探索镁合金的多级时效工艺,利用X射线衍射、光学金相、扫描电镜以及能谱分析、透射电镜、显微硬度、力学性能测试等实验手段,研究了多级断续时效(T6I6)对ZM61新型镁合金显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,与T6态相比,T6I6工艺更能显著提高合金强度,显微硬度为90HV,屈服强度为340MPa,抗拉强度达到356MPa,强度增幅分别为13%和8%;T6I6处理使合金晶间干净,第一级和第二级过程中只有Mn以α-Mn的形式继续析出,形成更多的Mn单质颗粒,终级时效的硬化幅度增加,且峰时效时析出了弥散分布的β′相,使强化效应得到充分发挥。

Zn含量及热处理对Mg-Zn-Mn变形镁合金显微组织和力学性能的影响

研究了Zn含量和热处理工艺对挤压态Mg-x%Zn-1%Mn(x=4,5,6,7,8,9,质量分数)镁合金组织和力学性能的作用规律。结果表明:Zn含量增加,挤压时动态再结晶趋于完全且小晶粒容易长大,同时第二相流线亦随之增加并阻碍其长大;再结晶晶粒在固溶过程中会长大,但Zn含量越高长大越困难,最终其晶粒更细小。通过透射电子显微镜(TEM)研究发现,时效态合金中主要存在2种亚稳相,即:长轴沿[0001]α的杆状相(β1′相)和(0001)α上的盘状相(β2′相),它们与基体之间存在共格或半共格界面,杆状β1′相对位错运动的阻碍更加强烈;根据X射线衍射(XRD)的分析结果,可知2种相都是具有Laves结构的MgZn2相。双级时效处理在低温预时效阶段从过饱和固溶体析出G.P.区,为第二级时效提供形核核心,从而细化了β1′和β2′相,增加了其弥散度。高Zn含量合金在180℃时效16h后发生了过时效,通过消耗β1′和β2′而形成了大块的Mg-Zn化合物。在时效态组织中,Mn以杆状析出,可以作为β1′和β2′相的形核核心,使二者发生粗化。挤压态合金的力学性能对Zn含量的变化不敏感;时效态合金的强度随Zn含量的增加呈抛物线增加,当Zn含量大于6%时,强度增加缓慢,延伸率急剧降低,这与高锌合金容易过时效且存在残余流线有关。故含6%Zn合金具有最佳的力学性能。

Mg-6wt%Zn-1wt%Mn合金中的析出相演变(英文)

通过透射电子显微技术（TEM）研究了Mg-6wt％Zn．1wt％Mn（ZM61）合金在单级和双级时效过程中过渡相β1’和β2’的演变规律以及β1’杆状相在α-Mn颗粒上异质形核的原因。ZM61合金在不同温度的硬化曲线（130、160、180、200、230℃）均表明：与单级时效相比，双级时效的硬化效果更好同时硬化速率更快。由于β1’杆状相的表面能和形核能垒均小于β2’盘状相，因此，峰时效之前主要发生β1’杆状相的快速形核和伸长；β1’杆状相体积分数的增加在带来硬度增加的同时也提升了体系的应变能，β2’盘状相取代β1’杆状相可以释放这一累积的应变能，因而过时效阶段主要发生β2’盘状相对β1’杆状相的逐步取代。ZM61合金在预时效后（90℃／24h），组织中存在高弥散度的GP．区（-10nm），它们可以作为第二级时效过程中β1·杆状相的形核核心，从而大幅提升了杆状相的弥散度。由于β1’杆状相在α-Mn颗粒上异质形核可以形成β1’／α-Mn共格界面，取代之前的非共格的α-Mn版-Mg界面，从而有效降低了体系的界面能，因此时效态组织中普遍存在β1’杆状相在α-Mn颗粒上异质形核的现象。

ZM71-xCe镁合金显微组织和力学性能

对添加小同含量ce元素的Mg—Zn—Mn系ZM71变形镁合金进行挤胜及热处理，测试不同状态下ZM71及ZM71-xCe合金的室温拉伸性能，利用光学金相显微镜（0M）、X射线衍射（XRD）、差热分析（DSC）、扫描电镜（SEM）以歧能谱（DES）、透射电镜（TEM）等分析试验手段观察了不同状态下的显微组织，初步探讨了ce元素存ZM71合金中的存在形式和作用机制及不同添加量对合金组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明：Ce元素上要以三元稀土相关在于合金中，主要分布在晶界和枝晶间，能够细化铸态组织；ce元素能够明显细化挤压态合会的组织，提升力学性能，但添加量应控制在1％以内，其中ZM71—0．5Ce具有最佳的综合力学性能，抗拉强度、屈服强度和延伸半分别为318MPa、250MPa和13．6％；时效热处理小能提升挤压态高锌含量的Mg—Zn—Mn—Ce合金力学性能。