随着医疗技术的不断进步和对转移性肾透明细胞癌(mRCC)认识的日渐深入,mRCC的治疗模式发生了显著转变。目前除手术外,mRCC的治疗主要采用靶向治疗和免疫治疗,在取得显著疗效同时也面临着耐药和无反应性等问题。为了解决这些问题,新技术...随着医疗技术的不断进步和对转移性肾透明细胞癌(mRCC)认识的日渐深入,mRCC的治疗模式发生了显著转变。目前除手术外,mRCC的治疗主要采用靶向治疗和免疫治疗,在取得显著疗效同时也面临着耐药和无反应性等问题。为了解决这些问题,新技术和药物的研发正在不断进行。本文将对mRCC的靶向及免疫治疗方式、探索性治疗方案及治疗趋势进行综述,并通过总结发现各项技术原理和适用人群的差异,认为联合治疗和精准治疗将成为未来发展的主要方向。在未来的研究中,重点将放在如何更好地综合利用不同治疗技术以及更精确地定位适用人群,以实现更有效的mRCC治疗。With the continuous advancement of medical technology and the deepening of the understanding of metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (mRCC), the treatment mode of mRCC has undergone a significant transformation. At present, in addition to surgery, the treatment of mRCC mainly uses targeted therapy and immunotherapy, which has achieved remarkable efficacy but also faces problems such as drug resistance and non-responsiveness. In order to solve these problems, the research and development of new technologies and drugs is constantly underway. This article reviews the targeted and immunotherapy methods, exploratory treatment options and treatment trends of mRCC, and finds the differences in various technical principles and applicable populations, and believes that combination therapy and precision therapy will become the main direction of future development. In future research, the focus will be on how to better integrate different treatment technologies and more precisely target the appropriate population to achieve more effective mRCC treatment.展开更多
直流线路单极接地短路故障是基于模块化多电平换流器的高压直流输电(modular multilevel converter based high voltage direct current,MMC-HVDC)系统中最常见的故障类型,分析其故障特性、掌握故障电流水平对于继电保护的设计及相关参...直流线路单极接地短路故障是基于模块化多电平换流器的高压直流输电(modular multilevel converter based high voltage direct current,MMC-HVDC)系统中最常见的故障类型,分析其故障特性、掌握故障电流水平对于继电保护的设计及相关参数的优化具有重要意义。作为分析基础,首先分析并得出MMC直流侧故障电流表达式,然后重点针对金属回线单侧接地方式的MMC-HVDC系统,分析了直流线路故障后的故障点两侧系统在接地电阻上的耦合作用,根据耦合作用的产生原因及本质提出了等效解耦方法,从而得出一种针对单极接地故障电流的实用计算方法。通过对比所提方法与PSCAD/EMTDC的电磁暂态仿真结果,验证了所提计算方法的正确性。展开更多
文摘随着医疗技术的不断进步和对转移性肾透明细胞癌(mRCC)认识的日渐深入,mRCC的治疗模式发生了显著转变。目前除手术外,mRCC的治疗主要采用靶向治疗和免疫治疗,在取得显著疗效同时也面临着耐药和无反应性等问题。为了解决这些问题,新技术和药物的研发正在不断进行。本文将对mRCC的靶向及免疫治疗方式、探索性治疗方案及治疗趋势进行综述,并通过总结发现各项技术原理和适用人群的差异,认为联合治疗和精准治疗将成为未来发展的主要方向。在未来的研究中,重点将放在如何更好地综合利用不同治疗技术以及更精确地定位适用人群,以实现更有效的mRCC治疗。With the continuous advancement of medical technology and the deepening of the understanding of metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (mRCC), the treatment mode of mRCC has undergone a significant transformation. At present, in addition to surgery, the treatment of mRCC mainly uses targeted therapy and immunotherapy, which has achieved remarkable efficacy but also faces problems such as drug resistance and non-responsiveness. In order to solve these problems, the research and development of new technologies and drugs is constantly underway. This article reviews the targeted and immunotherapy methods, exploratory treatment options and treatment trends of mRCC, and finds the differences in various technical principles and applicable populations, and believes that combination therapy and precision therapy will become the main direction of future development. In future research, the focus will be on how to better integrate different treatment technologies and more precisely target the appropriate population to achieve more effective mRCC treatment.
文摘直流线路单极接地短路故障是基于模块化多电平换流器的高压直流输电(modular multilevel converter based high voltage direct current,MMC-HVDC)系统中最常见的故障类型,分析其故障特性、掌握故障电流水平对于继电保护的设计及相关参数的优化具有重要意义。作为分析基础,首先分析并得出MMC直流侧故障电流表达式,然后重点针对金属回线单侧接地方式的MMC-HVDC系统,分析了直流线路故障后的故障点两侧系统在接地电阻上的耦合作用,根据耦合作用的产生原因及本质提出了等效解耦方法,从而得出一种针对单极接地故障电流的实用计算方法。通过对比所提方法与PSCAD/EMTDC的电磁暂态仿真结果,验证了所提计算方法的正确性。