2020年,我们全面建成了小康社会,实现了第一个百年奋斗目标。但调查数据显示,高收入家庭的可支配收入仍是低收入家庭的10倍之多,收入差距问题在我国经济发展中尤为突出。随着数字普惠金融的发展,所有人均能享受到金融服务,可以逐步缩小...2020年,我们全面建成了小康社会,实现了第一个百年奋斗目标。但调查数据显示,高收入家庭的可支配收入仍是低收入家庭的10倍之多,收入差距问题在我国经济发展中尤为突出。随着数字普惠金融的发展,所有人均能享受到金融服务,可以逐步缩小收入差距。本研究基于2019年中国家庭金融调查数据,实证分析了数字普惠金融、家庭创业与收入差距之间的关系。研究发现:第一,数字普惠金融的发展能够缩小收入差距。其中,数字普惠金融数字化程度缩小收入差距效果最好;第二,数字普惠金融在缓解收入差距方面,表现出地域、收入及城乡与城市发展水平异质性。从不同地域来讲,数字普惠金融对东部地区收入差距的缩小效果最为显著。从全国收入水平来看,数字普惠金融对低收入家庭收入差距的缩小效果最为明显。从城乡及城市发展水平来看,数字普惠金融对缩小收入差距的作用大于农村地区,对一线城市的作用优于其他城市;第三,数字普惠金融通过推动家庭创业能够有效缩小收入差距。具体来说,家庭创业在数字普惠金融与收入差距之间发挥了显著的中介作用。进一步探究表明,数字普惠金融通过金融行业创业、机会型创业以及网络经营式创业缩小收入差距的效果更好。基于此,本文提出以下政策建议:构建可持续发展的数字普惠金融生态体系;加强经济欠发达地区的数字普惠金融基础设施建设;创新数字普惠金融服务方式,提升低收入群体的家庭创业意愿;优化数字普惠金融产品,合理增加普惠金融服务,并重点向“长尾”群体倾斜。In 2020, we successfully established a moderately prosperous society in all respects, achieving the first centenary goal. However, survey data reveals that the disposable income of high-income households is more than ten times that of low-income households, highlighting the prominent issue of income disparity in China’s economic development. With the development of digital inclusive fi-nance, all individuals can access financial services, which can gradually narrow the income gap. This study is based on the 2019 China Household Finance Survey data, empirically analyzing the rela-tionship between digital inclusive finance, household entrepreneurship, and income disparity. The findings indicate: 1. The development of digital inclusive finance can reduce income disparity. Among its components, the degree of digitization of digital inclusive finance has the most significant effect in narrowing the income gap. 2. Digital inclusive finance exhibits heterogeneity in mitigating income disparity across regions, income levels, and urban-rural development stages. Specifically, it has the most pronounced impact on reducing income disparity in eastern China. From a national income perspective, digital inclusive finance is the most effective in narrowing income gaps for low-income households. In terms of urban-rural and city development levels, its effect in reducing income disparity is greater in urban areas, particularly in first-tier cities, compared to rural areas and other cities. 3. Digital inclusive finance effectively reduces income disparity by promoting household entrepreneurship. Household entrepreneurship plays a significant mediating role be-tween digital inclusive finance and income disparity. Further analysis shows that digital inclusive finance narrows income disparity more effectively through entrepreneurship in the financial in-dustry, opportunity-driven entrepreneurship, and internet-based business operations. Based on these findings, the following policy recommendations are proposed: Build a sustainable ecosystem for digital inclusive finance;strengthen the infrastructure for digital inclusive finance in economi-cally underdeveloped regions;innovate digital inclusive finance service methods to enhance the entrepreneurial aspirations of low-income groups;optimize digital inclusive finance products, rea-sonably increase inclusive financial services, and focus on serving the “long-tail” population.展开更多
文摘2020年,我们全面建成了小康社会,实现了第一个百年奋斗目标。但调查数据显示,高收入家庭的可支配收入仍是低收入家庭的10倍之多,收入差距问题在我国经济发展中尤为突出。随着数字普惠金融的发展,所有人均能享受到金融服务,可以逐步缩小收入差距。本研究基于2019年中国家庭金融调查数据,实证分析了数字普惠金融、家庭创业与收入差距之间的关系。研究发现:第一,数字普惠金融的发展能够缩小收入差距。其中,数字普惠金融数字化程度缩小收入差距效果最好;第二,数字普惠金融在缓解收入差距方面,表现出地域、收入及城乡与城市发展水平异质性。从不同地域来讲,数字普惠金融对东部地区收入差距的缩小效果最为显著。从全国收入水平来看,数字普惠金融对低收入家庭收入差距的缩小效果最为明显。从城乡及城市发展水平来看,数字普惠金融对缩小收入差距的作用大于农村地区,对一线城市的作用优于其他城市;第三,数字普惠金融通过推动家庭创业能够有效缩小收入差距。具体来说,家庭创业在数字普惠金融与收入差距之间发挥了显著的中介作用。进一步探究表明,数字普惠金融通过金融行业创业、机会型创业以及网络经营式创业缩小收入差距的效果更好。基于此,本文提出以下政策建议:构建可持续发展的数字普惠金融生态体系;加强经济欠发达地区的数字普惠金融基础设施建设;创新数字普惠金融服务方式,提升低收入群体的家庭创业意愿;优化数字普惠金融产品,合理增加普惠金融服务,并重点向“长尾”群体倾斜。In 2020, we successfully established a moderately prosperous society in all respects, achieving the first centenary goal. However, survey data reveals that the disposable income of high-income households is more than ten times that of low-income households, highlighting the prominent issue of income disparity in China’s economic development. With the development of digital inclusive fi-nance, all individuals can access financial services, which can gradually narrow the income gap. This study is based on the 2019 China Household Finance Survey data, empirically analyzing the rela-tionship between digital inclusive finance, household entrepreneurship, and income disparity. The findings indicate: 1. The development of digital inclusive finance can reduce income disparity. Among its components, the degree of digitization of digital inclusive finance has the most significant effect in narrowing the income gap. 2. Digital inclusive finance exhibits heterogeneity in mitigating income disparity across regions, income levels, and urban-rural development stages. Specifically, it has the most pronounced impact on reducing income disparity in eastern China. From a national income perspective, digital inclusive finance is the most effective in narrowing income gaps for low-income households. In terms of urban-rural and city development levels, its effect in reducing income disparity is greater in urban areas, particularly in first-tier cities, compared to rural areas and other cities. 3. Digital inclusive finance effectively reduces income disparity by promoting household entrepreneurship. Household entrepreneurship plays a significant mediating role be-tween digital inclusive finance and income disparity. Further analysis shows that digital inclusive finance narrows income disparity more effectively through entrepreneurship in the financial in-dustry, opportunity-driven entrepreneurship, and internet-based business operations. Based on these findings, the following policy recommendations are proposed: Build a sustainable ecosystem for digital inclusive finance;strengthen the infrastructure for digital inclusive finance in economi-cally underdeveloped regions;innovate digital inclusive finance service methods to enhance the entrepreneurial aspirations of low-income groups;optimize digital inclusive finance products, rea-sonably increase inclusive financial services, and focus on serving the “long-tail” population.
